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Anatomy And Physiology Test Bank
Exam 1 A+ Quaranteed
Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures?
Physiology
Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?
Tissue
Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body?
Metabolism
List the basic processes of life.
The basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction.
The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the
nervous and endocrine systems.
Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells?
Interstitial fluid
Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems.
A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition.
Which feedback system structure receives output from the control center?
Effector
Which feedback system structure provides input to the control center?
Receptor
A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:
Childbirth
Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as
signs.
Describe the anatomical position.
Frontal
A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into
superior and inferior portions.
Which directional term means farther from the midline?
Lateral
Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure?
Distal
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____________ to the liver.
superior
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is _____________ to the heart.
anterior
Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
Which serious membrane covers the viscera within the abdominal cavity, and lines the abdominal wall and the inferior surface of the diaphragm?
Peritoneum
Where on the diagram is the femoral area?
D
Where on the diagram is the cervical area?
B
The ribs are ________ to the sternum.
lateral
The stomach is ________ to the urinary bladder.
superior
Which plane is parasagittal?
B
List and briefly describe the six basic life processes.
The six basic life processes include: 1. Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes in the body. 2. Responsiveness is the body's ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli. 3. Movement includes motions that range from movements within individual cells to movement of the entire body. 4. Growth means an increase in body size or an increase in the number of cells. 5. Differentiation is the process that converts a cell from unspecialized to specialized. 6. Reproduction refers to formation of new cells for growth and repair or production of a new individual.
Describe a feedback system and list its general components.
A feedback loop is a cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is monitored, evaluated and changed to maintain homeostasis. A feedback system will include a receptor that detects stimuli, a control center that receives the input from the receptor and generates an output, and an effector that receives the output and produces a response.
Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?
Examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash.
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells?
Neurophysiology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?
Endocrinology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging?
Pathophysiology
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents?
Immunology
Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease?
Pathological Anatomy
Which of the following anatomical terms refer to the groin?
Inguinal
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow?
Antecubital
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear?
Otic
Which cavity contains the spinal cord?
B
Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction?
E
What is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs?
Visceral Pleura
What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart?
Parietal Pericardium
Which region is the epigastric region?
A
Which region is the hypogastric region?
C
Which radiographs were obtained using low-dose x-rays?
A and B
Discuss the importance of body fluids and which one is considered to be the body's internal environment.
An important aspect of homeostasis is maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids, which are dilute, watery solutions containing the dissolved substances needed to sustain life. The fluid within cells is intracellular fluid (ICF) and the fluid found outside of cells is extracellular fluid (ECF). The ECF consists of interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and vitreous. The ECF called interstitial fluid, which is the fluid found in the narrow spaces between cells and tissues, is also known as the body's internal environment. This is due to the fact that the proper functioning of body cells depends of precise regulation of the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding them.
Which of the following is an example of the basic life processes called growth?
- Muscle Contraction
- Digestion of Proteins
- Lifting weights and Gaining muscle mass
- Mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen
3 and 4
Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of
responsiveness.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic type of tissues found in the human body?
Necrotic Tissue
Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?
Organism-Organ System-Organ-Tissue-Cellular-Chemical
Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?
Palm of the Hand
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?
Ultrasound Scanning
Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging?
Low-Dose Radiography
