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Portage-Learning-Biod- 151 - All-Lab-
Practice Exams 2024 - 2025
Lab 1
- Susan Smith is a participant in an Anatomy and Physiology lab class. Susan walked into lab today carrying a bagged lunch that she brought to eat following class. She has long blonde hair that is not pulled back. Today in class, you are reviewing basic microscopy and you notice that Susan’s microscope is partially hanging off the edge of her lab bench. Given what you learned from the lab video, list two lab safety concerns you notice in the above scenario.
Susan brought food into the lab; Susan did not pull her hair back; Susan does not have the microscope safely secured on the lab bench.
- Describe the position of a subject’s body when they are in anatomical position.
When a person is standing in anatomical position, they are standing upright with feet flat on the ground. Head is facing forward. Arms are at the sides with palms facing forward.
- Which of the following planes best describes the above image? a. Frontal Plane b. Sagittal Plane c. Mid-Sagittal Plane d. Transverse Plane
c. Mid-Sagittal Plane
- Which of the following planes best describes the above image? a. Frontal Plane b. Mid-Sagittal Plane c. Sagittal Plane d. Transverse Plane
a. Frontal Plane
- When comparing the relationship of the eyes to the occipital (back portion) region of the head, which of the following terms best describes the occipital region?
- A surgeon is about to perform surgery and directs his OR team to place the patient in the supine position. Describe what the supine position is.
The supine position is lying on the back, face upward.
- The crus is part of which skeletal division? a. The axial division b. The appendicular division c. Neither division
b. The appendicular division
- Which of the following statements is false? a. The two main body cavities are the dorsal and ventral cavities. b. The thoracic cavity contains 2 subdivisions. c. The ventral cavity can be subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. d. All of the statements are true statements.
b. The thoracic cavity contains 2 subdivisions. (It contains 3 subdivisions.)
- Which of the following lines the lungs? a. The parietal pleura b. The meninges c. The visceral pleura
c. The visceral pleura
- Which of the following is a true statement? a. Inflammation of the pleural lining is referred to as pleurisy. b. Inflammation of the pericardium is referred to as carditis. c. a. and b. d. None of the statements are true.
a. Inflammation of the pleural lining is referred to as pleurisy.
- Describe what the term “retroperitoneal” means and give an example of a retroperitoneal organ.
Retroperitoneal organs are located between the peritoneum and the dorsal body cavity. Examples include the kidneys, portions of the pancreas, the adrenal glands, and portions of the digestive organs.
Retroperitoneal means situated behind the peritoneal cavity, between the peritoneum and dorsal cavity. An example of a retroperitoneal organ is kidney.
- Describe the proper way to carry a microscope.
You should always carry a microscope by placing one hand under the base while the other hand braces the arm.
- What portion of the light microscope adjusts the amount of light that passes through the light source? a. The illuminator b. The oculars c. The diaphragm
c. The diaphragm
- Which knob is the instructor adjusting in the above picture?
The mechanical stage control knob.
b. Mesoderm
- What are the ways epithelial tissue is classified?
Epithelial tissue is classified by cell type, cell shape, and cell arrangement.
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the structure of epithelial tissue? a. Epithelial tissue has a direct nerve supply. b. Epithelial tissue draws its blood supply from the connective tissue. c. Epithelial tissue is composed of a large cellular content with a small amount of matrix. d. All of the above statements are true.
d. All of the above statements are true.
A. B. C.
- Which of the above images is an example of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?
A.
- What type of epithelial tissue do you see in the above image? Explain how you know what type it is.
The above image depicts pseudostratified epithelial tissue. All cells touch the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the apical or free surface.
- Match the following epithelial tissue types with its location in the body.
- Simple squamous epithelium
a.
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
c.
- Simple columnar epithelium
d.
Pseudostratified epithelium can be found in the male reproductive tract. This type of tissue has additional structures called cilia. Cilia are structures attached to the cells that are motile, beat in a rhythm to move fluid. For example, assistance in movement of sperm through the reproductive tract.
- Match the following epithelial tissue types with its location in the body.
- Stratified squamous epithelium
c.
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium
a.
- Stratified columnar epithelium
d.
- Transitional epithelium
b.
a. seminiferous tubules b. bladder c. palms of hands d. male urethra
- Would non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium prevent water loss? Explain why or why not.
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium would not prevent water loss because it lacks the dead layer of compact cells and the water repellent glycolipid which keratinized stratified squamous epithelium possesses.
- Match the following epithelial tissue types with the correct description.
- Stratified squamous epithelium
b.
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium
d.
- Stratified columnar epithelium
a.
- Transitional epithelium
c.
a. found where one type of epithelium meets another b. prevents abrasion c. top layer of cells can appear round or flat d. acts in secretion
MODULE 3
- True of False, Connective tissue can be described as histologically variable.
True – connective tissue can take on various forms
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding general characteristics of connective tissue proper? a. Connective tissue proper is composed of a small amount of matrix and large amount of densely packed cells. b. The matrix of connective tissue proper is clear and gel-like. c. Connective tissue proper is vascular and has a nerve supply. d. Connective tissue proper has no free or apical surface.
a. Connective tissue proper is composed of a small amount of matrix and large amount of densely packed cells. Correct answer is that it is composed of large amount of matrix with widely scattered cells.
- Which of the three developmental germ layers gives rise to connective tissue? a. Ectoderm
a. Coated with glycoprotein for strength b. Are referred to as “white fibers” c. Found in the lungs and arteries
- Match the following matrix forms with the correct connective tissue type.
- Liquid
d.
- Gel-like
c.
- Semi-solid
a.
- Solid
b.
a. Cartilage b. Bone c. Connective tissue proper d. Blood
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding loose connective tissue? a. Areolar tissue is avascular b. Reticular tissue forms a structural framework called a stroma around soft organs c. Adipose tissue gives shape to the body d. All of the above are true statements
a. Areolar tissue is avascular. Correct answer is that areolar tissue is highly vascular.
- Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding dense connective tissue? a. Dense regular connective tissue contains a small amount of fibroblasts
b. Dense regular connective tissue provides strength in one direction c. Dense irregular connective tissue provides strength in multiple directions d. b. and c. are true e. All of the above are true statements
d. b. and c. are true
Exam Page 3
- What types of tissue fibers are present in cartilage? a. Collagen b. Reticular c. Elastic d. a. and b. e. a. and c. f. All of the above E
- Explain why the sensation of pain can be felt in cartilage when there is no direct nerve supply. The pain is felt due to the inflammation around the injured site.
- Match the type of cartilage with the correct description.
- Hyaline cartilage C a. Found in the pubic symphysis
- Elastic cartilage B b. Cells always surrounded by perichondrium
- Fibrocartilage A c. Perichondrium lacking around articular cartilage
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding bone tissue? a. Bone tissue is comprised of few fibers with a solid matrix arranged in cylinders called osteons b. The Haversian Canal functions to bring blood into the bone tissue c. Lacunae contain osteocytes d. All of the above statements are true D
A
a. Canaliculi present in this tissue connect lacuna to lacuna b. Chondrocytes distinguish this tissue from tendons or ligaments c. Gives epithelial tissue its blood supply
MODULE 4
Exam Page 1
- List, in order, the anatomical structures found in the respiratory pathway. You should begin at the nose and end at the alveoli. Nose - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Right and Left Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli
- Which if the following statements is TRUE regarding structures within the respiratory tract? a. The trachea contains cartilaginous rings to keep it from collapsing as air flow through it. b. If a patient were to aspirate, the content would likely enter the left main bronchus. c. The bronchi are a part of the respiratory division of the respiratory tract. d. The pharynx is part of the conducting division of the respiratory tract. e. a. and d. are true. f. b. and c. are true. g. All of the above statements are true. E
- You are assessing a patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. They are breathing at a rate of 30 breaths per minute. What is their Alveolar Ventilation Rate? (show your calculations.)
AVR = respiratory rate x (TV - dead air volume) AVR = 30 breaths/min x 350mL AVR = 10,500 mL/min
- List TWO reasons why we measure pulmonary ventilation?
- To assess pulmonary function
- To assess severity of pulmonary disease
- To monitor improvement or deterioration of a diseases process *Note: The student only has to provide two reasons.
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding restrictive lung disorders? a. In a restrictive lung disorder, the lungs are limited with the amount of air that can be inflated. b. Any disorder that produces pulmonary fibrosis is considered a restrictive lung disorder. c. Tuberculosis is an example of a restrictive lung disorder. d. a. and b. are false e. b. and c. are false f. All of the above statements are true.
f. All of the above statements are true.
- Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding obstructive lung disorders? a. Obstructive lung disorders limit the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled at a given time. b. Individuals with an obstructive lung disorder will have an increased Forced Expiratory Volume. c. Chronic bronchitis is an example of an obstructive lung disorder. d. All of the above statements are true.
b. Individuals with an obstructive lung disorder will have an increased Forced Expiratory Volume. Correct answer is that the FEV would be decreased.
Exam Page 3
TLC = 4700mL + 1200mL TLC = 5900mL
- Using the normative values provided in the lab for a healthy male, calculate the Functional Residual Capacity. (To receive full credit, you must include the formula and show your calculations.) FRC = RV + ERV FRC = 1200mL + 1200mL FRC = 2400mL
- You are monitoring someone who has a respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute. Calculate their Minute Respiratory Volume, assuming they are a healthy adult. (To receive full credit, you must include the formula and show your calculations.) MRV = TV x respiratory rate
MRV = 500mL(14 breaths/min) MRV = 7000 mL/min
MODULE 5
- List the 5 stages of digestion.
- ingestion 2. digestion (chemical and mechanical) 3. absorption 4. compaction 5. defecation/elimination
- True or False: The esophagus is considered a primary organ of the GI tract. True
- True or False: The tongue is considered an accessory organ of the GI tract. True
- True or False: Mechanical digestion in the mouth is carried out by way of salivary amylase. False
Exam Page 2
What is the function of the structure pictured above specified by the pointer? Epiglottis is a small cartilage structure that closes the opening to the airway (trachea) when swallowing food. It prevents food particles from entering the trachea.
Identify the structure in the picture above, specified by the pointer, then describe its relationship to the trachea using anatomical terminology. Esophagus. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea.
Identify the sphincter pictured above (specified by the arrow and highlighted in blue) and describe its function. THe pyloric sphincter controls contents entering the small intestine from the stomach.
Identify the structure in the above picture, specified by the arrow, and describe its function. Rugae are folds of tissue found inside the stomach. Rugae can increase surface area in the stomach. When contents enter the stomach, rugae can extend and spread which can increase volume in the stomach without increased pressure.
Exam Page 3
