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HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LATEST
2024 EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
- Anatomic position The body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
- Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory? Pharynx
- A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in Arm
- Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone? Hyoid
- Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands? They secrete chemicals into the blood
- Diet is important because bone are storage places for Calcium and phosphorous
- Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system? Urethra
- Red blood cell production is known as which of the following? A. Hematopoiesis B. Erythropoiesis C. Phagocytosis D. Thrombopoiesis
- When an individual is under stress, hormones are released. Which of the following is not one of the locations in which hormones are released when under stress? A. Parathyroid B. Adrenal cortex C. Posterior pituitary D. Hypothalamus
- The central nervous system is made up of all except which of the following? A. Brain
B. Heart C. Retina D. Spinal cord
- The thyrotrophic-releasing growth hormone-releasing, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones are released by which of the following endocrine system glands? A. Thymus B. Pituitary gland C. Pineal gland D. Hypothalamus
- What is the most visible part of the ear? A. Pinna B. Organ of Corti C. Cochlea D. Ear canal
- Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system? A. Brain B. Larynx C. Urethra D. Pancreas
- The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain? A. Top, middle portion of the parietal lobe. B. Back of the head C. Front portion of the parietal lobe. D. Around the auditory cortex
- The heart contains four chambers. Which of these four chambers is the largest and the strongest? A. Left ventricle B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Right atrium
estrogen
- which female reproductive organ's produce oocytes, estrogen and progesterone ovaries
- the buttocks is on which surface the body dorsal
- the esophagus is located at which body cavity thoracic
- which is a hollow organ gallbladder
- which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group vastus lateralis
- what occur when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? cardiac output
- which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland oxytocin
- which structure regulat the transport of substance in and out of a cell the cellular membrane
- a person who damages to their ulnar nerve will have decrease sesutior in which area arm
- when assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of: carrot and squash
- which structure produces B-lymphocytes Red bone marrow
- how many days is the avarage menstrul cycle 14
- where in the human body are nutrients absorbed small intestines
- The central nervous system is made up of all except which of the following? heart
- The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain? top, the middle portion of the parietal lobe.
- The heart contains four chambers. Which of these four chambers is the largest and the strongest? Left ventricle
appendix
- Which of the following is not a principal organ of the nervous system? thymus
- The pancreas is an endocrine system gland mainly responsible for which of the following? maintain healthy blood sugar level
- Tough elastic tissues found in the joints that connect bones to bones are called: ligament
- What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions? calcium
- Where can the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? pelvic cavity
- Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? neuroglia
- Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? connective tissue
- What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion eccrine glands
- You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle like structures. What is this tissue? spongy bone
- Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body?
- The most abundant glial cells found in the CNS that anchor neurons to capillaries and help control the environment around neurons astrocytes
- What does the adrenal medulla secrete? Epinephrine and norepinephrine
- Which skin cancer is the most dangerous? malignant melanoma
- becaus it matastisizes(spreads)
- Cancer of the melanocytes
- Which skin cancer is moderatly dangerous? squamous cell carcinom
- arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
- Which skin cancer is least dangerous? basal cell carcinoma
- What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood? pulmonary artery
- Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to. endometriosis
- tendons connect muscle to bone
- Where is interstitial fluid found in the body? in the tissues around cells
- Which lobe of the brain is associated with judgement, planning, impulse control, and social behavior? frontal
- What does lipase do? It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
- In what area of the body would you expect to find and especially thick stratum corneum? Heel of the foot
- What two things must be present for a muscle cell to contract?
Calcium & adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- the esophagus is located at which body cavity a) ventral b) abdominal c) thoracic
- What is the response of CF cell in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antiduretic hormone (ADH) is secreted? Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtration?
- what is the function of ADH hormone Regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb
- which muscle is included in tue quadriceps femoris group a) trapezius b) vastuslateralis c) gastrocnemious d) rectus abdominus
- the calcaneous is located in whih part of the body
the leg
- Where is the tympanic membrane located?
external auditorium canal and tympanic cavity
- Fats are broken down in the small intestine using which enzyme(s)?
Fats also known as lipids are broken down using lipase produced by the pancreas and bile produced by the liver but transferred to the small intestine through the bile duct.
- The process of organisms with an advantageous trait surviving more often and producing more offspring than organisms without the advantageous trait describes which of the following basic mechanisms?
A) gene flow
B) genetic drift
C) mutation
D) natural selection
- Which of the following is the group of basophils that produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone?
A) gonadotrophs
B) thyotroph
C) chromophil
D) pituicytes
- Which of the following are considered the basic units of the female reproductive system, each containing a single immature egg cell that is released during ovulation?
A) oocytes
B) follicles
C) ovaries
D) fundus
- Which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva to create a bolus, and creates a barrier to transport food into the esophagus?
A) pharynx
B) tongue
C) diaphragm
D) stomach
- Which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood returning from the lungs during pulmonary circulation?
A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle
- Which of the following is the lobe in the cerebral cortex primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body?
A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
- Which of the following is an example of adaptive, or specific, immunity?
B) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and right to left on the periodic table
C) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the halogens on the periodic table
D) atomic radius increases from top to bottom and toward the noble gases on the periodic table
- Which of the following is NOT a tissue layer found in skeletal bones?
A) periosteum
B) bone marrow
C) enamel
D) cancellous bone
- Which of the following sets of valves is primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart?
A) atrioventricular valves
B) semilunar valves
C) tricuspid valves
D) bicuspid valves
- Bone is composed primarily of which of the following inorganic materials?
A) calcium
B) magnesium
C) collagen
D) potassium
- Which of the following is the primary physical barrier the body uses to prevent infection?
A) mucus membranes
B) stomach acid
C) skin
D) urine
- Which of the following is the connective area where nerve impulses send neurotransmitters across a synapse to a muscle cell to stimulate muscle contraction?
A) sarcomere
B) tendon
C) nicotinic receptors
D) neuromuscular junctions
- Which of the following is the region of the brain that controls and regulates autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion, and heart rate?
A) cerebellum
B) medulla oblongata
- Which of the following processes aids scientists in observing a population sample in order to answer questions about the whole population?
A) univariate analysis
B) inferential statistics
C) descriptive statistics
D) probability
- Which of the following biological macromolecules is non-soluble, composed of hydrocarbons, and acts as an important source of energy storage for the body?
A) carbohydrates
B) nucleic acids
C) lipids
D) proteins
- Which of the following is specialized tissue in the right atrium that acts as the heart's natural pacemaker by generating the electrical signal for the heartbeat?
A) sinus venosus
B) sinoatrial node
C) atrioventricular node
D) septa
- Which of the following is a dense, interconnected mass of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system?
A) ganglion
B) dendrite
C) cranial nerve
D) pons
- Which of the following is the primary cell found in the tract of the small intestine?
A) surface absorptive cells
B) surface lining cells
C) parietal cells
D) hepatocytes
- Which of the following describes the general function of cytokines in the immune system?
A) they communicate between cells to instigate an immune response
B) they inhibit blood clotting during inflammation responses
C) they bind to specific pathogens to increase pathogen mass
B) dermis
C) hypodermis
D) stratum basale
- Neurotransmitters send chemical messages across the gap between one neuron and another in which of the following structures?
A) cell membrane
B) ganglion
C) synapse
D) axon
- Hund's rule states which of the following?
A) chemical bonds are formed only between electrons with similar spin
B) the attraction between electrons holds atoms together
C) a ground state atom always has a completely filled valence shell
D) electrons fill orbitals singly and with similar spin before pairing
- Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?
A) absorbing digested material into the blood
B) nutrient processing and metabolizing
C) absorbing water and compacting material into solid waste
D) bile production and storage
- When setting up the above experiment, the scientist has the option of using a separate water filter for each of the three tanks or using a single filtration system that attaches all three and affects them simultaneously. Which of the following filter set ups makes a more valid experiment and why?
A) separate filters for each of the three tanks, because this ensures a higher quality of water for each tank
B) one filtration system for all three tanks, because this makes filtration a controlled variable
C) one filtration system for all three tanks, because this reduces the workload for the researcher
D) separate filters for each of the three tanks, because this adds another variable to be tested and analyzed for inclusion in the experiment's results
- The above experimental design description is an example of which of the following types of experiments?
A) field experiment
B) natural experiment
C) controlled experiment
D) observational study
