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Anatomy Terms & Joint Movements: Spatial Language, Planes, Axes, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Anatomy

An overview of anatomical terms, spatial and directional terminology, planes and axes of motion, and joint actions. It covers concepts such as anatomical position, superior and inferior, medial and lateral, proximal and distal, superficial and deep, planes, axes, and joint rotations around different planes. It also includes descriptions of major joints and their movements in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

madbovary
madbovary 🇬🇧

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Anatomical Terms
Fall 2006
Prepared by YK
Spatial and Directional Terminology
Anatomical Position?
Anterior (Ventral)
Toward the front of the
body
Posterior (Dorsal)
Toward the rear of the
body
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Anatomical Terms

Fall 2006

Prepared by YK

Spatial and Directional Terminology

  • Anatomical Position?
  • Anterior (Ventral)
    • Toward the front of the body
  • Posterior (Dorsal)
    • Toward the rear of the body

Spatial and Directional Terminology

  • Superior (Cranial) : toward or closer to the head.
  • Inferior (Caudal) : toward or closer to the feet.
  • Medial : direction or positions relative to the midline of the body
  • Lateral : away from or farther from the midline of the body
  • Proximal : a location or direction toward or closer to the trunk.
  • Distal : away or farther from the trunk
  • Superficial : closer to the skin
  • Deep : farther from the skin

Planes and Axes of Motion

  • Plane : 2D surface
  • Motion occurs in a plane.
  • Anatomical Plane
    • Sagittal : an imaginary plane dividing the body into right and left parts
    • Frontal : an imaginary plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
    • Transverse (horizontal) : an imaginary plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
  • Cardinal plane : a plane that passes through the midpoint or center of gravity of the body.

Joint Actions

  • Describe the relative movements of two limbs at joints.
  • Major joints : Neck, Trunk, Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Scapular
  • General Motions : Diagonal plane – Oblique axis
  • Movement around specific planes and axes (From Anatomical position basis)

Movement in Sagittal Plane

  • Flexion : Decreasing angles between two segments
  • Extension : Increasing angles between two segments
  • Hyperextension : Increasing angles more than 180°
  • Major Joints involved : Wrist, Elbow, Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Trunk, Neck, & Ankle

Ankle Joints

  • Talocrural Joint (Ankle Joint)
    • Plantar/Dorsi flexion (Sagittal Plane)
  • Subtalar Joint
    • Inversion/Eversion (Frontal Plane)

Movement in Frontal Plane

  • Abduction : Away from midline
  • Adduction : Closer to midline
  • Radial/Ulnar deviation
  • Inversion/Eversion
  • Later flexion to R/L
  • Elevation/Depression
  • Upward/Downward rotation
  • Major Joints involved : Shoulder, Hip, Wrist, Ankle, Trunk, Neck, & Scapula

Movements in Transverse Plane

  • External/Internal rotation
  • Horizontal abduction/adduction
  • Pronation : Palm down
  • Supination: Palm up
  • Rotation to R/L
  • Protraction/Retraction **
  • Major joints involved: Hip, Shoulder, Radioulnar, Neck, **Trunk, & Scapula****

Radiounlar Joint

Distal Radiounlar Joint

Proximal Radiounlar Joint