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Understanding Variables and Graphing in Experiments, Summaries of Statistics

An introduction to analyzing data in experiments, focusing on organizing data through creating data tables and identifying independent and dependent variables. It also covers the importance of graphs in understanding and predicting trends. examples and instructions for creating graphs.

What you will learn

  • What are independent and dependent variables in an experiment?
  • What is the importance of graphs in understanding data?
  • How do data tables help in organizing data?
  • What is the role of organizing data in experiments?
  • What are the steps for creating a graph?

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

butterflymadam
butterflymadam 🇺🇸

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Analyzing your data:
Variables and Graphing
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Download Understanding Variables and Graphing in Experiments and more Summaries Statistics in PDF only on Docsity!

Analyzing your data:

Variables and Graphing

Organizing your data

 In any investigation, organizing is the first step to

finding answers. Once you conduct an experiment,

you must organize your data.

 Always create a data table before your experiment

starts, that way you can keep your data organized as

you work.

 A data table has two columns to list the two variables

in your experiments.

Variables cont.

 DEPENDENT VARIABLE = THE FACTOR THAT CHANGES

BASED ON THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE-.

 On a data table the dependent variable is on the right

side.

 On a graph it is on the y-axis.

 Examples:

 Temperature: record the temperature as it changes

after set periods of time.

 Mass- Mass of each object after something has

affected the object.

Temperat ure in Celsius

Student s who got sick 150 500

200 80

300 20

500 0

dependent

Controlled vs. Variable

Parameters

 1. VARIABLE PARAMETER (independent

variable and dependent variables) – this is the

things you change in the experiment.

 2. CONTROLLED PARAMETERS – these

are all the other factors in the experiment that

stay the same.

Examples: figure out which is

the independent and dependent

variable:

  1. A scientist checks how much his puppy grows each day for 20 days.
  2. A science student adds salt to 3 fish tanks at different rates to see how fast algae will grow in each tank.
  3. A student records how fast the cars go on the freeway at 5 different times during the day.
  4. A scientist takes the temperature of a beaker of cooling chemicals every 2 minutes.

Graphing

 Data tables help you organize data, Graphs help you

understand and use the data.

 Graphs make it easy to identify trends and make

predictions.

 TREND = The relationship

between the independent

and dependent variable

(THE LINE)

Steps Cont.

 3. Determine the Range and the Scale:

to find the RANGE subtract the smallest value of a

single variable from the largest value

For our Data: 500-150 = 350, so the x-axis must cover at

least 350 grams. 10-0 = 10 so the y-axis must cover

at least 10 cm.

The SCALE is the size that is used for each box on the

graph. There can be a separate scale for each axis.

The scale should be chosen such that the graph

spreads out to fill most of the available space. The

scale must go in equal increments

Amount of Protein (g)^ MuscleGrowth (cm)

150 5

200 10

300 3

500 0

Scale

Amount of Protein (g)^ MuscleGrowth (cm)

150 5

200 10

300 3

500 0

SCALE

SCALE

What it Looks Like

Population

Years

  1. Label the Graph
  2. Range and Scale
  3. Draw the Axes.
  4. Plot the Data Points
  5. Label the Axis
  6. Label the Axis

3 Main Types of Graphs

1. Line Graph 3. Pie Chart

2. Bar Graph

Make a scale for each data

table:

1. X- axis: 2. X-axis:

Y axis: Y-axis:

Amount of food (^) Hours of Sleep

Temperature in Celsius^ Students whofaint in formation

Don’t forget about variables…

 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE = THE VARIABLE THE

SCIENTIST CHANGES.

 Is always on the left side of the data table

 Is always on the x-axis on the graph (horizontal)

 DEPENDENT VARIABLE = THE VARIABLE THAT CHANGES

BECAUSE THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE CHANGES

 Is always on the right side of the data table

 Is always on the y-axis of the graph (vertical)

Time Distance

Time

Distance

Independent

Dependent