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AMT MLT Practice Test/Study Guide
EXAMS 100% QUESTIONS AND
ANSWER.
Quality control
A process that monitors the accuracy and reproducibility of results through the use of control specimens.
Shift
What demonstrates an abrupt change from the established average value of the control for 3 days in a row?
Proficiency testing
A means by which quality control between laboratories is maintained.
Provider-performed microscopy (PPM)
What are specific microscopic tests (wet mounts, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations, fern test) performed by a physician for his or her own patients?
Category A
What category of bioterrorism agents has the following characteristics?
Pathogens that are rarely seen in the United States, these agents have the highest priority; organisms in this category pose a risk to national security because they can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person, result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact.
Category B
What category of bioterrorism agents has the following characteristics?
These agents have the second highest priority and include pathogens that are moderately easy to disseminate, results in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, and require specific enhancements of the CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance.
Category A.
Agents anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, filoviruses, and arenaviruses are classified as
Electric equipment.
Class C fire extinguishers are used for
Infectious waste
OSHA has defined __________ as blood and blood products, contaminated sharps, pathology waste products, and microbiological waste.
All employees who work with hazardous chemicals will be required to be trained about the new labels and the elements of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) by December 1 of ___________.
Flourescent.
The microscope commonly used in cellular biology that has the ability to distinguish between living and dead cells and monitor activity within living cells is the
40X objective.
The objective that should never have oil used on it is the
If a 10 X eyepiece is used with a 45 X objective, the total magnification is
Blood culture (aerobic), blood culture (anaerobic), blue, red, green stopper, lavender, and gray
What is the order of draw of multiple evacuated tubes?
Peripheral (or capillary) blood and venous blood
What are the two general sources of blood for clinical laboratory tests?
Blood gases, slides/smear, EDTA tubes, other additive minicontainers, and serum containers
Order of draw for capillary specimens:
a hematoma.
Failure to apply sufficient pressure to the venipuncture site could result in
. Hemolyzed specimens
What would cause the constituents, including enzymes acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to significantly elevate the value obtained for these substances in serum?
Two thirds
The role of the phlebotomist has never been more important to the patient and the laboratory. How many errors are caused by preanalytical errors?
RNA.
A western blot is used to detect
High sensitivity and high specificity
Which of the following may be said to be true of fluorescent spectroscopy?
Directly proportional
In what manner is the dye uptake by a sample following electrophoresis and staining related to the sample concentration?
Intrahepatic cholestasis
You have a a patient's sample that has a slightly elevated ALT, LD and bilirubin with a very elevated GGT and an elevated alkaline phosphatase. What might be the patient's diagnosis?
Type 1.
Insulin-dependent diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and was previously called "juvenile diabetes" is
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas after a meal, responds to high glucose levels, promoting glucose entry into cells is______________________.
. Albumin and globulin
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Question text
Plasma proteins are the most frequently analyzed of all proteins. What are the two major measured plasma proteins?
Total LDH
The highest levels of this enzyme are seen in pernicious anemia and hemolytic disorders.
Amylase
What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of starch and glycogen, and begins to increase in concentration in the blood 2 to 12 hours after onset of an attack and peaks at 24 hours?
Atherosclerosis
Which of the following is a condition of deposition of plaques in the blood vessels that has been proven to lead to coronary artery disease?
Myoglobin, troponins, and CK-MB
The best marker combination of assays for the diagnosis of an acute MI follows:
Prostate
Which tissue is considered the richest source of acid phosphatase?
TnI
The patient presented at the clinic after returning from a fishing trip. Chief complaint is left-sided anterior chest pain that started 3 days ago. Patient states no injury. Which cardiac test would give the physician the best picture of diagnosis?
Gluconeogenesis
Increase in blood pH.
A decrease in ionized calcium often is caused by
pharmacokinetics.
The mathematics modeling of drug concentration in circulation which helps assist in establishing a dosage regimen is
CA 15- 3
The main purpose of this assay is to monitor breast cancer patients after mastectomy. It is positive in patients with other conditions, including liver disease, some inflammatory conditions, and other carcinomas.
Troponin.
A complex of three proteins that bind to the thin filaments of striated cardiac or skeletal muscle and regulate muscle contraction is
CA 125
What is elevated in carcinomas and benign disease of various organs, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and endometriosis, but it is most useful in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas?
Cannabinoids
Which of the drugs of abuse are a group of psychoactive compounds found in marijuana?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
This marker is strongly suggestive of pregnancy or a malignant tumor such as endodermal sinus tumor, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, molar pregnancy, testicular embryonal carcinoma, or oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
Bilirubin
What is derived from the iron-containing heme portion of hemoglobin, which is released from the breakdown of RBCs?
CA 19- 9
What are elevated in patients with pancreatic, hepatobiliary, colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic and breast cancers? Its main use is as a marker for colorectal and pancreatic carcinoma.
Aminoglycosides
Which type of antibiotic would you see tested only on inpatients because they are not well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?
Digoxin
Many cardiac conditions are treated with drugs, but only a few require TDM. The two classes of drugs that need monitoring are the cardiac glycosides and the antiarrhythmics. Which drug belongs to the glycosides?
Spore
What is resistant to heat, cold, drying conditions, and chemicals and therefore are able to survive under extremely unfavorable conditions?
Gram stain
What is an example of a differential stain that separated bacteria into two groups based on their reaction, gram positive and gram negative?
giemsa stain.
The stain that is commonly recommended for use to differentiate parasites such as Malaria in blood smears is
Two alpha and two beta chains.
The principal adult hemoglobin, Hemoglobin A contains
Normochromic-normocytic, macrocytic, and hypochromic-microcytic
Morphologically, anemias are generally classified as:
Rouleaux formation
What represents an abnormal distribution pattern of RBCs, which stick together or become aligned in aggregates that look like stacks of coins? This arrangement is a typical artifact in the thick area of blood films.
Thalassemias.
A group of anemias that demonstrate mild to severe microcytosis and hypochromia are disorders in the synthesis of globin, a component of the hemoglobin molecule and are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis are
Asynchronous maturation.
Megaloblastic erythrocytes have an abnormal developmental sequence. As they develop, cells of the megablastic sequence have a more open or immature chromatin pattern in the nucleus, referred to as
Decreased iron intake (either from inadequate diet or impaired absorption), increased iron loss (generally from chronic bleeding from a variety of causes), an error of iron metabolism (sideroblastic anemias), and/or increased iron requirements in infancy, pregnancy and lactation
In simplified terms, iron-deficiency anemia may result from the following:
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)
Which cytochemical stain is used to help distinguishing acute lymphocyte leukemia from malignant lymphoma?
Chronic myelogenic leukemia
A differential shows extreme leukocytosis, normal RBC morphology with possible NRBCs, and exhibits a shift to the left with all stages of granulocyte maturation. Which disorder is this?
Shift cells
On blood films prepared with Wright's stain, abnormally early release of the RBCs from the marrow into the peripheral blood is indicated by the presence of nucleated RBCs or polychromatophilic macrocytes, also known as
New methylene blue method
An erythrocyte still possessing RNA is referred to as a reticulocyte. What supravital stains bind, neutralize, and cross-link ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
Chorea and undulant fever
In the vast majority of infections, there is at least some increase in the ESR. What are two exceptions?
Histogram
What is used to evaluate size distribution curve of leukocyte data and allows visualization of subpopulation of cells based on their relative sizes?
Westgard
Analyzing the quality control results, who developed the rule that is used to evaluate control results when two or more levels of control material are used?
flow cytometry
Which principal automated hematology analyzer allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple characteristics through a laser light beam?
Impedance
Which automated blood cell counting principle is based on increased resistance that occurs when a blood cell with poor conductivity passes through an electrical field?
Erythrocytes
Which cellular constituent of blood contains the vital protein hemoglobin?
Prolonged washing
While performing a microscopic evaluation on a peripheral blood smear, you notice the color is excessively pink. What could be the cause?
Plasma cells.
B-lymphocytes differentiation is complex and proceeds through both an antigen-independent and antigen dependent stage, culminating in the generation of mature, end-stage, nonmotile cells called
Bleeding time.
Test for the vascular factors include the capillary fragility test and
Prothrombin time measures which pathway?
Prothrombin
Thrombin is generated from a precursor of this substance and is involved in the common pathway of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic clotting pathways. What is synthesized by the liver through the action of vitamin K?
Serotonin
What is released from the platelets as they adhere to the margins of the injury in the wall of the blood vessel? It promotes local, direct, biochemically stimulated narrowing of the torn blood vessel and of locally intact blood vessels in the same vicinity as the injury.
Heterophil antibodies
What are defined as antibodies that are stimulated by one antigen and react with an entirely unrelated surface antigen present on cells from different mammalian species?
Direct immunofluorescent assay
What is the technique that uses a conjugated antibody to detect antigen-antibody reactions that can be seen with a fluorescent microscope?
SLE Latex Tes
What test provides a suspension of polystyrene latex particles coated with deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP)?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Pregnancy tests are designed to detect minute amounts of
Western blot
What is a technique in which proteins are separated electrophoretically, transferred to membranes, and identified through the use of labeled antibodies specific for the protein of interest?
Southern blot
What molecular technique can determine single-base mutations that include sickle cell anemia and hemophilia A?
Western blot
A patient has had a screening test for HIV and it came back positive; the patient does not believe the result and wants another test performed. What would be a more confirmatory test for HIV?
Precipitation
What is the term used to describe the aggregation of soluble test antigens?
Antigenicity
What is influenced by molecular size, foreignness, shape of the molecule, and chemical composition?
