Download AMT MLT Exam Study Guide/Practice Test #2 Latest 2025/2026 Already Passed and more Exams Clinical Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
Chain of custody. ✔✔Beginning with the moment the specimen is collected and transported to the laboratory, to the analysis itself and the reporting of the results, must be documented by a process known as Quality control ✔✔A process that monitors the accuracy and reproducibility of results through the use of control specimens. Accuracy ✔✔Describes how close a test result is to the true value. Calibration ✔✔The comparison of an instrument measurement or reading to a known physical constant. Category C ✔✔What category of bioterrorism agents has the following characteristics? These agents have the third-highest priority and include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future because of availability, ease of production and dissemination? Category A. ✔✔Agents anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, filoviruses, and arenaviruses are classified as
AMT MLT Exam Study Guide/Practice
Test #2 Latest 2025/2026 Already
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Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens ✔✔What regulation that became law in 1992, requires that laboratories develop, implement, and comply with a plan that ensures the protective safety of laboratory staff to potential infectious blood-borne pathogens and manage and handle medical waste in a safe and effective manner? Electric equipment. ✔✔Class C fire extinguishers are used for Category B. ✔✔Agents brucellosis, epsilon toxin, food contaminants, glanders, melioidosis, psittacosis, Q fever, and ricin toxin are classified as Safety Data Sheets ✔✔Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are now called: Pictograms ✔✔The GHS brings with it a new chemical labeling standard using. 2015 ✔✔All chemical manufacturers and distributors must comply with all of the new provisions in the revised standards by June 1. 16 ✔✔The new Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) will require specific sections, ensuring consistency in the presentation of the information. Material safety data sheet (MSDS). ✔✔Reference materials about the individual chemical are provided by all chemical manufacturers and suppliers by means of
contact, airborne, and droplet. ✔✔Transmission-based precautions are divided into three basic categories: Lipemic specimens ✔✔What is milky-white in color and may interfere with chemical determinations such as triglyceride assay? cephalic, basilic and median cubital. ✔✔The three veins that are typically used for venipuncture are the intravenous lines, edema, scarring or burn patients, dialysis patients, and mastectomy patients. ✔✔Five specific situations may result in a difficult venipuncture or may be the sources of preanalytical error. They are: Ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry ✔✔What uses a glass ion-exchange membrane for sodium assay and a valinomycin neutral-carrier membrane for potassium assay and has been incorporated into many automated chemistry analyzers? Mercury arc and deuterium discharge ✔✔Which lamps are most common when working in the ultraviolet region? Turbidimetry ✔✔The measurement of the decrease in intensity of an incident light beam as it passes through a solution of particles defines which of the following methods?
Drug testing ✔✔Which of the following is one of the most common clinical applications of GC- MS analysis? Kidney failure ✔✔There are five stages of chronic kidney disease. In looking at the results of a glomerular filtrate rate of 13 ml/min per 1.73 m2, which stage would you say this patient was in? Glomerulus ✔✔Which of the following is part of the nephron and mainly functions to filter incoming blood? Creatinine clearance ✔✔The calculation of which of the following renal function tests are becoming the standard laboratory method for determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR). AST ✔✔The reduction of oxaloacetate to malate by malate dehydrogenase is used in the measurement of which enzyme? Jaundice ✔✔What is the yellow discoloration of the plasma, skin, and mucous membranes that is caused by the abnormal metabolism, accumulation, or retention of bilirubin called? Porphyrins ✔✔What compound shows a strong absorbance near 400 nm and often displays a characteristic orange-red fluorescence?
Lipase ✔✔Which enzyme is used almost exclusively for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis? Lipase ✔✔What is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of fats to produce alcohols and fatty acids? It is found primarily in the pancreas. Glucagon ✔✔What is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas, is the major hormone that opposes the action of insulin, increasing blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) by the liver? Insulin and glycogen. ✔✔The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans, which produce Thyroxine ✔✔Which hormone is classified as an example of an amino acid-related hormone? Chylomicrons ✔✔ give serum its characteristic milky appearance (lipemia) when blood is drawn after a meal. Triglyceride and HDL ✔✔If testing of a lipoprotein profile in a non-fasting state, then which of the following tests can be used? Azotemia. ✔✔A significant increase in the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, in kidney insufficiency, is known as
Magnesium ✔✔What is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and second most abundant intracellular ion? In addition, this electrolyte has high concentrations found in bone and muscle. Aminoglycosides ✔✔Which type of antibiotic would you see tested only on inpatients because they are not well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract? Alpha-fetoprotein ✔✔Which tumor marker is an abundant serum protein and normally synthesized by the fetal liver? pharmacokinetics. ✔✔The mathematics modeling of drug concentration in circulation which helps assist in establishing a dosage regimen is Human chorionic gonadotropin ✔✔This marker is strongly suggestive of pregnancy or a malignant tumor such as endodermal sinus tumor, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, molar pregnancy, testicular embryonal carcinoma, or oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Digoxin ✔✔Many cardiac conditions are treated with drugs, but only a few require TDM. The two classes of drugs that need monitoring are the cardiac glycosides and the antiarrhythmics. Which drug belongs to the glycosides?
Gram positive bacilli, gram negative bacilli, gram positive cocci, gram negative cocci ✔✔Most bacteria can be divided into what four distinct groups based on gram stain results? Antisepsis ✔✔What is the process used to decrease the number of microorganisms that are present on the skin? Taxonomy ✔✔What is the study of the classification process? that exist inside the body of animals and can cause endogenous infections. ✔✔Endogenous anaerobes are organisms Gram positive ✔✔What is the term for bacteria that stain purple/blue as a result of retention of crystal violet-iodine complex? one end of the bacterial cell, both ends of the bacterial cell, the entire cell surface. ✔✔Flagella are located on Prokaryotes ✔✔What cells do not have a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria, and their ribosomes are a smaller size than eukaryotic ribosomes? Hemoglobinopathies. ✔✔Disorders in which the presence of structurally abnormal hemoglobin is considered to play an important role pathologically are called
Megaloblastic anemias ✔✔What macrocytic anemias are the results of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, or a combination of both? Poikilocytosis. ✔✔Alteration in shape which include: spherocytes, schistocytes, sickle cells, drepanocytes, ovalocytes, and target cells is called Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) ✔✔This is one of the most useful procedures for distinguishing immune from nonimmune mechanisms that can underlie hemolytic anemias. What test is used to detect RBCs that have been coated with antibodies? Evaluate the overall quality of the blood film, estimate the leukocyte count, and scan the blood film for abnormal cells and clumps of platelets. ✔✔Low power examination (10x objective) includes the following: Decreased iron intake (either from inadequate diet or impaired absorption), increased iron loss (generally from chronic bleeding from a variety of causes), an error of iron metabolism (sideroblastic anemias), and/or increased iron requirements in infancy, pregnancy and lactation ✔✔In simplified terms, iron-deficiency anemia may result from the following: Sudan black B (BBB) ✔✔Which cytochemical stain is used in differentiating the cell lineage of malignant cells in the bone marrow that stains phospholipids, neutral fats, and sterols?
Chorea and undulant fever ✔✔In the vast majority of infections, there is at least some increase in the ESR. What are two exceptions? Westergren method ✔✔What has been selected as the method of choice by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)? Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ✔✔What measures the rate of setting of erythrocytes in diluted human plasma? Analyze serial dilutions of linearity check material multiple times to minimize effects of imprecision ✔✔The following procedure describes linearity determination for each direct measured parameter on a hematology analyzer. Levey-Jennings chart ✔✔When a new lot number of controls are used with a hematology analyzer, the new control material must be tested and plotted to establish the mean and the control limits. How is this plotted? Impedance ✔✔Which automated blood cell counting principle is based on increased resistance that occurs when a blood cell with poor conductivity passes through an electrical field?
Microcytic erythrocytes ✔✔When evaluating erythrocyte histogram, a shift to the left of the erythrocyte series should correspond to the following type of erythrocytes? Plasma. ✔✔The total volume of blood in an average adult is about 6 L, or 7% to 8% of the body weight. About 45% of this amount is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes); the remaining 55% is the liquid fraction New methylene blue ✔✔Using this stain helps precipitate residual ribosomal RNA within reticulocytes. Plasma (top layer), buffy coat (grayish white cellular layer composed of white blood cells and platelets), red blood cells (bottom layer). ✔✔When a preserved blood specimen is allowed to stand for a time, the components will settle into the following three distinct layers: Platelet count, platelet aggregation assays, platelet adhesion, and clot retraction ✔✔Current tests for platelets include: Closure time (CT) ✔✔What is a test system to assess platelet-related primary hemostasis with greater accuracy and reliability than bleeding time? Extrinsic pathway ✔✔Prothrombin time measures which pathway?
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) ✔✔What provides an alternative to immunofluorescent assays and uses nonisotopic label, which offers the advantage of safety and demonstrates specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity? This method is popular for waived, over the counter testing. Heterophil antibodies ✔✔What are defined as antibodies that are stimulated by one antigen and react with an entirely unrelated surface antigen present on cells from different mammalian species? Solid-phase immunosorbent assay (SPIA). ✔✔If the antibody directed toward the agent being assayed is fixed firmly to a solid matrix, either to the outside of a spherical plastic or metal bead or some other solid matrix, the system is called Southern blot ✔✔What molecular technique can determine single-base mutations that include sickle cell anemia and hemophilia A? Rapid plasma regain (RPR) ✔✔What is the widely used nontreponemal serological test?
. Direct immunofluorescent assay ✔✔What is the technique that uses a conjugated antibody to detect antigen-antibody reactions that can be seen with a fluorescent microscope?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agglutination test ✔✔What is based on the reaction between patient antibodies in the serum, known as the rheumatoid factor (RF), and an antigen derived from human gamma globulin (IgG)? Agglutination ✔✔What is the term applied to aggregation of particulate test antigens? Precipitation ✔✔What is the term used to describe the aggregation of soluble test antigens? Antigenicity ✔✔What is influenced by molecular size, foreignness, shape of the molecule, and chemical composition? Patient cells ✔✔What is the source of antigen for performing the forward group ABO/D typing? A ✔✔If you mix an unknown antigen (patient red cell) with a known antibody (Anti-A) and get visible agglutination, which unknown antigen is detected? IgG ✔✔The antiglobulin test is important because it detects what antibodies that have attached to red cells either in vivo or in vitro but do not demonstrate visible agglutination in testing? perform a pre-warm technique. ✔✔One method to avoid reactivity with a cold antibody is
A condition when a mother makes an antibody to red cell antigens from the fetus. ✔✔Which of the following statements is true regarding hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Age, Genetic make-up, Route of inoculation ✔✔The primary immune response is elicited as the first exposure to a foreign antigen and is influenced by the characteristics of the antigen and immune response. What are some host properties contributing to the immune response? phenoytpe. ✔✔The physical expression of inherited traits is determined by reacting red cells with known antisera and observing for the presence or absence of hemagglutination is Weiner ✔✔Which theory with regards to Rh believes that each parent gives one Rh gene but that alleles at one gene locus are responsible for expression of their system antigens on the red cell? Landsteiner's rule. ✔✔The rule of stating that normal, healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies to the ABO blood group antigens that are absent from their red cells is termed Asian ✔✔Which population in the U.S. has the highest frequency of the group B phenotype? D-galactose. ✔✔The immunodominant sugar for the B antigen is sensitization ✔✔The binding of an antibody or complement component to a red cell is the definition of
. antigen. ✔✔A substance that is foreign and binds specifically to an antibody or a T-cell receptor is a definition of Recording data on appropriate log ✔✔Which of the following is an example of good record keeping in Blood Banking? Polycythemia, Hemochromatosis, Porphyrias ✔✔A therapeutic phlebotomy is performed on a patient to withdraw blood from a patient for medical reasons. Which of the following is a common indication of therapeutic phlebotomy? Calibration ✔✔If I wanted to standardize an instrument to help eliminate errors, that could harm a patient or donor, what is the process? Degree to which a measurement represents the true value. ✔✔Which of the following is a definition of accuracy in blood banking? Irradiated red blood cells ✔✔Which blood product would be best for a patient that the physician is concerned about that has graft versus host disease (GVHD)? 35 days ✔✔Whole blood units are stored at 1 - 6oC for how many days if collected in CPDA-1?
