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AMPP CIP Level 1 Theory questions
and answers 2024/
What is corrosion? - **The deterioration of a metal or alloy that results from an electrochemical reaction with its environment. What needs to be present in order for corrosion to occur? - **Anode Cathode Metallic Pathway Electrolyte What is an anode? - **The anode is the area of the metal surface that corrodes. The metal oxidizes (gains oxygen), causing it to lose mass and dissolve into the electrolyte. What is oxidation? - **Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs at the anode where the metal loses electrons. What is a cathode? - **The cathode is the area of the metal surface that reduces (loses oxygen). What is reduction? - **Reduction is a chemical reaction that occurs at the cathode that involves the metal gaining electrons. What is the metallic pathway? - **The metallic pathway connects the anode to the cathode and allows the passage of electrons generated from the cathode to the anode.
What is an electrolyte? - **The electrolyte is the conductive medium (any solution, like water) in which ions are carried from the anode to the cathode. What is a barrier coating? - **A barrier coating protects the substrate/metal by providing a chemical and physical barrier between the metal surface and the environment. The barrier coating interrupts the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. What is passivation? - **Passivation is when a layer of oxides form on the surface of a metal that provides corrosion protection. What is the purpose of the electrolyte? - **To allow the passage of ions from the anode to the cathode. What is a sacrificial coating? - **A sacrificial coating is a coating that contains a metal (usually zinc) that will corrode instead of the metal substrate. What is an inhibitive coating? - **Inhibitive coatings act as aa barricade to slow down the reaction at the anode, or cathode, or both. They contain special pigments that react with moisture or oxygen and form a hard, non-reactive surface film that interferes with the corrosion process. What are the 4 basic components of a coating? - **Pigments
How does high or low temperature affect the corrosion rate? - **High temp = corrosion rate increases Low temp = corrosion rate decreases What is the primary role of a coating inspector? - **To ensure compliance with the contract/project specifications. Which or the following prevails during conflicting/missing information, specifications or PDS? - **Specifications, unless written and approved permission is given by the owner or their representative. What is recoat time? - **How long you have to wait before you can apply another coat. What is induction time? - **How long you have to wait after mixing until the product can be applied. What are the 5 environmental conditions that can greatly impact a coating project? - **Temperature Humidity Windspeed Surface temperature Dew point
What should the surface temperature be, relative to the dewpoint, for coating application? - **Surface temp must be at least 5 deg. F (3 deg. C) higher than the dewpoint. What is relative humidity (RH)? - **RH is the measure of the amount of water vapor in the air, compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at that temperature. What is the maximum relative humidity in which coatings shall be applied? - **Coatings shall be applied when the RH is less than 85%. What is saturation? - **Saturation means the air cannot hold any more water vapor. The excess moisture will condense out of the air and appear on surfaces as condensation. This means the relative humidity is at 100%. What is solvent entrapment? - **When the solvent cannot evaporate because the relative humidity is at 100% and it becomes trapped within the coating. What is surface preparation? - **The process of cleaning and roughening the substrate before a coating is applied. What is surface profile? - **The roughness of a surface after it has been blasted or cleaned with a power tool.
ISO 8501-1 St 2 - **Preparation of steel substrates achieved by thorough hand and power tool cleaning. ISO 8501-1 St 3 - **Preparation of steel substrates achieved by very thorough hand and power tool cleaning. SSPC Guide 12 - **Guide of the illumination of industrial painting projects What is surface lamination? - **An imperfection in steel that is created during the rolling process. Can be ground or scrapped off. What are inclusions? - **Non-metallic impurities that are trapped in the metal at continuous or randomly placed intervals. Can be removed by chipping or grinding. What is weld splatter? - **Particles of molten metal that are thrown onto the surface around the weld, resulting in a protrusion through the surface. Can be removed by using hand/power tools. What are some examples of visual contaminants? - **Oil Grease Dust Dirt Drawing/cutting compounds What are some examples of non-visual contaminants? - **Some oils
Soluble salts such as chlorides, sulfates, nitrates SSPC-SP 1 - **Solvent cleaning ISO 8504-3 - **Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products by hand/power tool cleaning (includes solvent cleaning) What methods can be used to remove non-visible contaminants? - **Pressure washing Steam cleaning Waterjetting What is mill scale? - **a brittle layer of iron oxide that has formed on the steel substrate during the hot rolling process. SSPC-SP 2 - **Hand tool cleaning. Material that can be removed with a putty knife. SSPC-SP 3 - **Power tool cleaning. SSPC-SP 15 - **Commercial grade power tool cleaning. SSPC Guide 15 - **Field methods for the retrieval and analysis of soluble salts on steel and other non-porous surfaces.
NACE No. 8 and SSPC equivalent? - **Industrial blast cleaning. Same as SSPC-SP 14 SSPC-SP14 and NACE equivalent? - **Industrial blast cleaning. Same as NACE No. 8 NACE No. 4 and SSPC equivalent? - **Brush off blast cleaning. Same as SSPC-SP 7 SSPC-SP 7 - **Brush off blast cleaning. Same as NACE No. 4 ISO 8501-1 Sa-1 - **Light blast cleaning How much is a unit area of the surface? - **9 in squared ISO 8501-1 Sa-2 - **Thorough blast cleaning ISO 8501-1 Sa-2 1/2 - **Very thorough blast cleaning ISO 8501-1 Sa-3 - **Blast cleaning to visually clean steel NACE WJ-1 - **Waterjet Cleaning of Metals - Clean to Bare Substrate NACE WJ-2 - **Waterjet Cleaning of Metals - Very Thorough Cleaning
NACE WJ-3 - **Waterjet Cleaning of Metals - Thorough Cleaning NACE WJ-4 - **Waterjet Cleaning of Metals - Light Cleaning What is a blotter test? - **Test for the contaminants in t he air compressor. Performed by shooting air onto a white paper/rage and checking for moisture, oil, or other contaminants. SSPC-AB 1 - **Contains the requirements for mineral, slag, or other abrasive products. SSPC-AB 2 - **Contains the requirements for recycled ferrous metallic abrasives used for blast cleaning. SSPC-AB 3 - **Contains the requirements for newly manufactured ferrous metallic abrasives used for blast cleaning. SSPC-AB 4 - **Contains the requirements for selecting abrasive media encapsulated in a compressible cellular mix. What are the layers within a coating system? - **Primer Intermediate coat Finish/topcoat What is a primer? - **Substance that improves adhesion to the surface to which a coating is applied to.
What is a polyaspartic coating? - **These coatings have near zero VOC content and are being used to replace high VOC polyurethane finish coats. They are high solid, high film build, high-performance coatings that have very good corrosion resistance and aesthetics. What are polyester coatings? - **High-build coatings that have been used in petroleum storage tank linings. They are quick curing and have excellent resistance to water and moisture and are widely used in salt and fresh water exposures. What are poly(siloxane) coatings? - **They are used in environments where abrasion, chemical, high-temp, and extreme UV resistance is required. What are polyurea coatings? - **Instant set, high-build coatings. They do not adhere well to themselves. They are commonly applied to concrete without a primer. What are polyurethane coatings? - **Finish coats that are aesthetically pleasing and offer long term color and gloss retention. What are silicone (high temp) coatings? - **Normally used in high- temp services and UV radiation resistant services. Applied over an anti-corrosive primer.
What are vinly coatings? - **Used a lot in water pipes, penstocks, waste/water plants and marine industry. They are highly restrictive due to their high VOC content. What are vinyl ester coatings? - **Interior lining coatings that are used when storing aggressive chemicals such as acids and alkaline. Commonly used as linings in railcars, ships, and tanks. What is viscosity? - **The resistance of a liquid to flow. When air temp increases, viscosity decreases. When air temp decreases, viscosity increases. What is shelf life? - **The length of time, from date of manufacture, that a coating is usable when stored in its original container. What is pot life? - **The length of time, after mixing a multi- component coating, that the coating remains usable. If coating temp increases, pot life decreases. If coating temp decreases, pot life increases. What is curing? - **Curing is the method by which a coating converts from a liquid to a solid state. This is a chemical process, also known as a convertible coating.
What is thermoplastic? - **When reheated, the form will change. What coating application method has the greatest production/application rate? - **Airless spray application What are some advantages of conventional spray application? - **Fine atomization Good operator control Uniform, high-quality finish What are some advantages of high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray? - **High transfer efficiency Environmentally friendly Improper atomization of the coating may cause what? - **Uneven DFT Dry spray Overspray, runs, and sags What is stripe coating? - **The application, by brush or spray, of an extra coat of paint to the edges, welds, corners, and irregular areas before or after a full coat is applied. What is spray application? - **Application of a coating by means of a spray gun that atomizes coating into a fine spray.
What is an airless spray system? - **Coating application through high-pressure atomization that forces the coating through a very small hole. What is a conventional spray system? - **Atomization of a coating system through a stream of compressed air. What are some advantages of a conventional spray system? - **Fine atomization Uniform, high-quality finish Greater control of flow rate and spray pattern What are some disadvantages of a conventional spray system? - **May require thinning Low production rate Low transfer efficiency Increased material cost Shot pot life Potential for improper setup What is a high-volume low-pressure spray system (HVLP)? - **Uses a high volume of air at low pressure to apply to coating onto the substrate. Has the ability to control the amount of coating applied, the shape of the spray pattern, and reduce overspray. Used when low VOC content is required. What are some advantages of airless spray systems? - **Higher production
