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ALTA CALT Final Exam 2025 (Actual Exam)
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Which reading activities are essential components of research-based structured literacy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Review of sounds and letters previously taught, phonemic awareness activities at appropriate levels, systematic review of words for oral reading, and spelling words from dictation that reflect the same letter patterns Which of the following is a principle of code-based reading instruction? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Language concepts are taught in order from transparent to elusive The weekly lesson plan does which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Enables the instructor to always be looking ahead to focus the direction of the instruction If an ELL reads the word startled as estart the teacher should correct the student by doing what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The teacher reviews the base word as one with an s-blend and reviews the suffix of each word, and then has the student re-read to note the difference between the words
An ELL whose native language is Spanish writes the word latter as larer. What is an effective way for the teacher to respond? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --The teacher explains that the medial Spanish r is written with the letter t in the medial position of English words between two vowels An ELL reads the word buzz as bus. What is an effective way for the teacher to respond? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The teacher instructs the student on the difference between the voiced and voiceless cognates. An ELL does not understand the word intercommunication. What is the preferred method for teaching the meaning of the word? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----The teacher has the student analyze and discover the meaning of the morphemes, provide examples and non-examples of their use, and make a connection with the native language. An ELL does not understand the phrase run of the mill; therefore, the student requires assistance with which component of the English Language? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The pragmatic component Older students without automatic single-word reading skills likely have which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Phonological awareness deficits, difficulty mapping letters to sounds, and difficulty with spelling
How do periodic tune-ups in manuscript and/or cursive, in which students practice writing the alphabet from memory, benefit students? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Without periodic practice, handwriting becomes less legible and/or more efforful What are reasons teaching handwriting has value? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------Other people can more easily read what a student has written. It helps in letter recognition that relates to reading. Teacher judge performance more positively. What are the lessons to be learned from research for handwriting? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Handwriting enhances letter recognition and leads to improved word reading. Cursive writing link letters into word spelling units. Handwriting as a tool in written language enhances learning. Which of the following are part of a multimodal approach to handwriting? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Visual input from seeing the letter form and Auditory input from hearing letter names and sounds are part of a multimodal approach to handwriting. Which of the following aspects of reading fluency has grown in emphasis since 2000? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Accuracy and Rate
Which of the following is NOT accurate when considering fluency? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reading fluency involves more than acceleration. Word-by-word reading strains working memory, improved reading fluency supports improved reading comprehension, and reading fluency starts early and develops over many years. Critics have been increasingly vocal in opposition to particular fluency-building practices, resulting in school's discontinuing those practices. The criticism focuses on which of the followin? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Repeated reading A 2016 passionate published response to the aforementioned criticism offers well-developed "solutions," highlighting a plan called The Fluency Development Lesson (FDL). Who authorized this plan, and what does it focus on? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Rasinski and Nageldinger, who focused on performance-oriented re-reading How does increased reading fluency in developing readers support verbal working memory? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------By helping students articulate more rapidly This chapter offers a conceptualization of the broad foundations of the elementary arithmetic curriculum grouped into which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Quantity concepts, the count system, and math language
Teaching pragmatics through oral language may positively impact a student's understanding of implied meaning in written language. In addition to phonological processing, which of the following is an essential component of an effective evaluation for dyslexia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------Spelling The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, enacted in 1975 as PL 94-142, was updated in 1990 and reauthorized in 2004. Under IDEA, "Specific Learning Disability" is an identifiable category of disability with eight academic domains. Dyslexia is included as one condition under the SLD umbrella ensuring which of the following for students with an identification under IDEA: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Eligibility for special education and related services The component of phonological processing that includes the skills of word retrieval from long-term memory and word recoding and has a strong impact on reading fluency is phonological ----? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Naming What subtype of executive function that includes the capabilities of processing, storage, and retrieval impacts the decoding difficulty seen with dyslexia? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Working Memory
Which of the following factors interrelate to affect overall reading comprehension achievement? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Language Comprehension and Decoding What steps should an academic language therapist take if a local school district reaches out requesting the records of a former student? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Receive written consent from the adult student, or from the parent or legal guardian of the minor student. How can the following communication between and Academic Language Therapist and a teacher be revised and improved? Melissa can understand 2nd grade level text that is read to her and she does not attempt to read unfamiliar words on her own and she looks and the teacher and says, "I don't know." --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Melissa can understand 2nd grade level text that is read to her. However, she does not attempt to read unfamiliar words on her own. Instead, she looks at the teacher and says, "I don't know." Research suggests that the defining characteristics of dyslexia is that a student does what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Has difficulties with the phonology of language Impairments in phonemic awareness skills in kindergarteners will do which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Persist without explicit instruction
Research studies have identified differences between the brains of individuals with and without reading disability (dyslexia). Which of the following has NOT been reported regarding students with dyslexia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------During reading, there is hypoactivation within the brain areas involved in articulation and naming. Reading the efficacy of the use of multisensory instructional strategies, which of the following is true? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Researchers have studied the efficacy of multisensory instructional strategies Which is an example that demonstrates a student's understanding English Morphology? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Knowing that fine, the base words in finish and definite, means "to end" What are two ways in which executive function influences langue performance? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------When monitoring the reaction of the listener How does impaired language functioning affect executive function? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Impaired word retrieval negatively affects verbal mediation. Impaired functioning makes it harder to plan and execute responses in a timely manner. There are fewer words available to represent key ideas.
Which of the following are differences between speaking and decoding? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Learning to speak is a natural process. Speaking is accompanied by suprasegmental features that influence comprehension. There are many more sounds than there are letters. Decoding rules are about phonemes and graphemes; speaking is about phonemes and inherent meaning. Language pragmatics is focused on what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- The purpose and intentions with which we use and understand language orally and in print. How would you describe the language that teachers use? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It must be consciously planned and chosen. It must be presented at the level of the learner. It must be accompanied by examples and experiences. It must have the intent of teaching content and teaching how to learn it. How is vocabulary acquired by children? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- When they are spoken or read to Which of the following are components of early literacy skills? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Phonological awareness, storytelling, and writing development
dyslexia may require as much as 20 times more repetition and practice in order to acquire letter-name knowledge. What is a major source of reading difficulty for students with dyslexia? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Difficulty associating a letter's name with the sound it represents. Guided discovery learning involves which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Leading students to discover the information through Socratic questioning. Alphabet activities can be used to teach which of the following skills? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Recognizing and producing an accented syllable in a word, knowing the difference between vowel and consonant sounds (phonemes), and alphabetizing words. Unitization in Ehri's stages of reading theory refers to what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Seeing familiar letter sequences as belonging together. What is a typical developmental sequence of phonological awareness? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Syllable segmentation, initial sound isolation, sound segmentation of single-syllable words, and sound deletion
What is the phonemic awareness skill expectation for students leaving first grade according to state standards? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Isolate and identify the phonemes in CCVC words For children entering kindergarten, what phonemic awareness skill is a strong predictive indicator of later literacy learning in the primary grades? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Initial phoneme isolation and identification Alliteration can be connected to which step on the linguistic hierarchy? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Onset-rime Which pair of words has four sounds each? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Box, Queen Which phonemic awareness task should be included in a screening assessment for kindergarten students? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A phoneme- segmenting task of single-syllable words A screening tool for older students should measure which phonemic awareness skills? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Phoneme deletion and substitution
Which of these statements is true of grade-equivalent scores? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They have unequal spaces between the scores, they correspond unevenly to norm-referenced scores, and they can change in large ways due to small movements in the raw data. Executive function is defined by which three main components? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory How is working memory defined? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The ability to hold information in mind while thinking about it-the so called "mental sketchpad" or "on-screen memory" Which learning behaviors reveal the learners use of executive function? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Learning that involves understanding and using multisensory information, learning that involves focusing attention, studying, and retaining information, and learning by following the example of another person Why might learners who have difficulty with executive function experience lesser motivation to read? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They have difficulty with sustaining self-directed action to achieve a future goal
Which teaching strategies enhance executive function? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, print-oriented, and interactive experiences Which of the following statements is true about assessment of executive function? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Testing may identify difficulties in paying attention, being persistent, and remembering. Testing may identify difficulties with organization, impulse control, and frustration. Testing may identify some reasons for academic underachievement. What is difficulty with executive function? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- A possible cognitive difference that distinguishes good readers from poor readers. Why is instructional intensity important for learners with executive function difficulties? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Repeated, consistent, and intensive practice allows learners to learn strategies to retain information and inhibit forgetting. Partially blocked sounds do which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Release the tongue, teeth or lips during production
A student spells the word typhoon as tifoon. To promote spelling accuracy, the teacher does what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reminds the student that the word is of Greek origin Which is NOT one of the major influences of Engish? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Russian Words from Old English tend to be what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Short, common words Latinate and Greek-based words entered the English Language in larger numbers during what time period? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Renaissance Illiterate, rejection, survival, and intervention are words from which language? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Latin Letter-sound correspondences unique to Greek include which of the following? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Ph as /f/, ch as /k/, and y as /i/-short i Spect, duct, and rupt are examples of what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
What does vocabulary knowledge contribute to? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Phonological awareness, work recognition, and comperhension How would you describe the acquisition of word learning? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Incremental, interrelated, and multidimensional The number of word meanings a student recognizes refers to what? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Breadth of vocabulary A comprehensive approach to vocabulary instruction for the school-age child includes what? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Direct instruction, indirect instruction, and word learning strategies, and word consciousness Which of the following is a principle of effective vocabulary instruction? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Provision of definitional and contextual information Why are strategies and activities based on semantic relationships important? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Words are learned in networks of meaning
