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II PHARMACOGNOSY II
Prepared By : Prof. Deepak R. Gaware STCOP POLY. Shirur Pune SR. NO .
CATEGORY OF
CRUDE DRUG
NAME OF
DRUG SYNONYM^
PART
USED SPECIES^ FAMILY^
CHEM.
CONSTITUENTS USES^ ADULTERANTS^ SUBSTITUTES^ CHEMICAL TEST
1 Laxative (6) Aloe Aloe, Aloe Vera, Kumari, Musabhar. Dried juice of leaves Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Barbaloin, Aloe emodin aloinoside A&B Purgative, Carminative Cosmetics, Prevents Aging Effect Klunges test, Borntragger test, Nitrous acid test, Cupraloin test, Borex test. (^2) Rhubarb Rheum, Rhizome of Rhei Dried rhizome Rheum palmatum Polygonaceae^ Chrysophanol, Rhein, Aloe emodin Mild purgative, Astringent Raphontic rhubarb (^3) Castor oil olium ricini,Eran d tel, ricinus oil Fixed oil (^) communisRicinus Euphorbiaceae Ricinoleic Linoleic Acid^ acid, varnishes emollient^ Paints, laxative, 4 Isapghula Isapgoal, Isabgol Flea seeds Dried seeds plantago ovata^ Plantaginaceae^ Mucilage, pentosan, aldobionic acid Demulcent Emollient P. lanceolata P. aciatica P. psyllium seeds 5 Senna Leaves senna ki patti, Sonmukhi Tinnvelly senna, Indian senna Dried Leflets Cassia Angustifolia Leguminosae^ Sennoside A, Sennoside B Purgative, laxative Dog Senna, Palthy Senna, Arabian Senna Alexandrian senna, Indian senna, Tinnevelly senna, true senna Borntragger test 6 Senna Fruits (^) FruitsDried Acutifolia^ Cassia Leguminosae Sennoside A, Sennoside B Purgative 7 Cardiotonics (2) Digitalis Digitalis leaves, Foxglove leaves, Rudh patri dried leaves Digitalis purpurea scrophulariacea e Purpuria Glycoside A,B Cardiotoinc, used in CCF Verbascum thapsis leave, Primrose Leaves, Comfrey leaves. D. lanata D. lutea D.thapsi liebermann test(steroid), Keller kiliani test(Deoxysugar), Legal test(5 member lactone ring), Keddes test(5 member lactone ring). 8 Arjuna Arjuna bark stem bark^ Dried^ terminallia arjuna combretaceae Arjunollic acid , Arjunic acid^ cardiotonic, Timber 9 Carminative And GI Regulator Cardamom Elaichi, Cardamom fruit Dried ripe fruit Elettaria Cardamomum Zingiberaceae^ Cineol, borneol Carminative , stimulants Orange Seed, Unrosted coffee, Long wild cardamom, Korarima cardamom, Cardamom husk, Loos seeds of cardamom. 10 Black Pepper Kali mirch Dride unripe fruit Piper nigrum piperaceae (^) PiperidinePiperine, stimulants^ Aromatic, P. Longum P. nigrum, P. brachysyachytm P. attenuatum. (^11) Coriander Dhana Dried ripe fruit^ Coriandrum sativam umbelliferae (^) condriandrolBorneol, carminative^ Aromatic ,^ Bombay Coriender fruit. 12 Fennel Badishep Drid ripe fruit^ Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae (^) DAnethole,-fenchone^ Carminative , stimulants Saxony, Indian Roman, Japnese, Russian
13 Ginger Ale, Adrak, Sunth Rhizomes (^) officinaleZingiber Zingiberaceae Gingiberene, Gingerol^ Carminative, Stimulants Exhausted Ginger Wormy Ginger Capsicum Powder 14 Ginger Oleo Resin Powder Rhizomes Zingiber officinale zingiberaceae^ Gingerol, mucilage^ Flavouring (^15) Asafoeitida Hing, Devils dung Living Rhizomes Ferula Foetida^ Umbelliferae^ Ferulic acid, Asaresino tannol Carminative , Flavoring agent (^16) Cinnamon (^) DalchiniKalmi inner bark^ Dried^ Cinnamomum Zeylanicum lauraceae Eugenol, Terpenes Carminative , Astrigent Java Cinnamon Jungle Cinnamon Saigon Cinnamon oliverCinnamon C. burmanii C. lourerii (^17) Nutmeg Jaiphal, Banda soap Nux- Moschata, Myristica Dried ripe seeds myristica fragrance myristicaceae Myristicin, Myristin, elemicin Carminative , Astrigent Treatment of Rheumatism M.malabaria M. argentea M. beddomei M. attenuata 18 Mace Arillus seed^ Myrastica fragrance myristicaceae Amylodextrin, Iodine (^) Flavoring agentCondiment, (^19) Clove Laung Dried flower bud Eugenia caryophyllus Myrtaceae^ Eugenol , Isoeugonal Carminative , Flavoring agent Blown clove Mother Clove Clove stock Exhausted clove (^20) Ajowan (^) weed, ovaBishops^ Dried ripe fruit^ Trychyspermum ammi Umberliferae (^) pThymol,-cymene Antiseptic, Aromatic, Carminative 21 Astringents Black catechu Kattha^ Dried aq. extract Acacia catechu^ Leguminosae^ Catechin, catechol astringent , digestion Match stick test, Vanilline hydrochloric acid test, Gambier Fluorescin test (Negative), Ferric chloride test. 22 Gambier Catechu Gambier, Pale catechu Dried extracts leaves Uncaria gambier Rubiaceae^ Catechutannic acid Catechin, catechol Astringent, used in digestion Match stick test, Vanilline hydrochloric acid test, Gambier Fluorescin test (positive), Ferric chloride test. 23 Drug acting on Nervous system Hyoscyamus Henbane Dried Leaves , Flowering tops Hyoscumus niger Solanaceae^ Hyoscine, Atropine CNS depressant, Anti-spasmodic H. muticus (^24) Datura Dhotra (^) leavesDried Datura Metel Solanaceae Hyosine, Atropine^ CNS depressant, Anti-spasmodic D. stramonium^ D. innoxia Vitali morins test 25 Belladona Belladona leaf Deadlynight shade leaves Dried leaves Atropa Belladona Solanaceae Scopalamine Atropine, Belladonnine Parasymphatetic Depresent,Anti- spasmodic Solanum Nigrum, Phytolacca Americana, Ailanthus glandulosa 26 Aconite Monkshoo d^ Dried root^ Aconitum nepellus Ranuculaceae (^) AconitineAconine, Cardiac Depressent.^ Analgesice,
45 Antidysenterics Ipecacuanha Ipecac (^) rhizomeDried ipecacuanha^ Cephaelis Rubiaceae (^) CephaelineEmetine, Expectorant^ Emetic, 46 Antiseptic and Disinfectant Turmeric Haldi Dried,fres h Rhizome Curcuma Longa Zingiberaceae^ Curcumin, Curcuminoids. Antiseptic, Expectorant (^47) Benzoin Sumatra Benzoin^ Balsamic Resin Styrax Benzoin Styraceae Balsamic acid, Vanillin^ Expectorant, Antiseptic 48 Myrrh Myrrha,Bo l Oleo- Gum Resin Commiphara Molmol Burseraceae^ Commiphoric Acid, Cuminic aldehyde. Stimulant, Antiseptic Arabian myrrh, Yemen myrrh, Indian bdellium (^49) Neem Kadu Nim (^) LeavesFresh^ Azadiracta Indica Meliaceae (^) AzadirachtinSalanin , Antiseptic,AIDS^ Insecticides, 50 Antimalarials (^) Cinchona Peruvian Bark^ Dried Bark^ Cinchona Calisaya Rubiaceae (^) QuinidineQuinine, Antimalerial^ Antipyeretic Colombian bark^ Cuprea bark Thalleoquin test 51 Oxytocics Ergot Ergota (^) FungusDried^ Claviceps purpurea Hypocreaceae Ergocristine, Ergomertine, Ergotamine Migraine, To Assist Delivery Van^ -^ urks test 52 Vitamins Shark liver oil (^) SelachoidsOleum^ Fresh Liver Brevirostris^ Hypoprion Carchahindae Vit.A Deficientcy Vit.A (^53) Amla Emblica Fresh,Drie d Fruits Officinalis^ Emblica Euphorbiaceae (^) Phyllembin.Vitamin C, Anaemia, Triphala^ Jaundice, 54 Enzymes Diastase Amylose Salivary - Amylolytic Enzyme in Saliva found in Digestive Track of animals
- - (^) Brewing industriesDigestant, - - - (^55) Papaya Papi Dried Latex Carica Papaya Caricaceae (^) ChyamopapainPapain,^ Bevarage, Digestant - - - 56 Yeast Khamir Fungus Saccharaomyce s Cerevisiae Saccharomy Proteins,Fat Mfg. Alcohol in Industry - - - 57 Perfumes and Flavours Peppermint oil Olem Mentha Piperita Volatile oil Mentha Piperita Labiatae^ Cineole, Pinene Stimulant, Aromatiic M. Longifolia M.rotundifolic M. spicata 58 Sandal wood Yellow Sandal Wood Dried Heart wood Santalum Album Santalaceae^ Satalol, Santene. Perfume^ Santalol, Teresantol (^59) Lemon oil Limbu oil Volatile oil Citrus Lemon Rutacece Lemonene Citral citronellal ,^ Flavouring Agent, Citronellal (^60) Orange oil (^) AurantiOleum^ Orange Peel Citrus Sinesis Rutaceae Limonene, citronellal^ Flavouring Agent (^61) Lemongrass oil (^) GrassoilLemon^ Volatile oil^ Cymbopogon Flexuosus Graminae Citral, Nerol Vit.A,Flavouring Agent 62 Pharmaceutical Aids Acacia (^) AcaciaGum Dried Gummy Exudation Acacia Arabica Leguminose (^) Arabinose,Arabin , Suspending Agent^ Demulcent, Gum Ggatti, (^) SenegalAcasia (^63) Guar gum Gum (^) PowderSeed Tetragonolobus^ Cynopsis Leguminosae Guaran, Proteins^ Protective Colloid, Binding Agent (^64) Honey Madhu (^) SecretionSugary Apis mellifica Apidae Glucose Fructose, Sweetning Agent^ Demulcent, Sugar Syrup 65 Starch Amylum Polysacch arid Granules from Grains Polysaccharid Granules from Grains of maize Rice Graminae (^) AmylopectinAmylose, Nutritive, Demulcent, Talcum Powder Cassava
(^66) Tragacanth Tragacanth a Dried Gummy Exudation Astragalus gummifer Leguminosae Trgacanthin, Tragacanthic Acid, Bassorin Demulcent, Cosmetics, Emulsifying Agent 67 Sterculia Gum Agar Agar-^ Agar^ Dried product Gelidium amansii Rhodophyceae^ Agarose, Agaropectin Bulk Laxative, Emulsifying Agent 68 Arachis oil Ground Nut Oil- from Seed^ Fixed oil Hypogea^ Arachis Leguminosae (^) Linoleic Acidoleic Acid, Emollient Cotton Seed Oil, Seesam Oil (^69) olive oil Oleum Olivae Ripe Fruit (^) Oleo Europoea Oleaceae (^) LinoleinOlein,^ Psoriasis, Ear Wax 70 Hydrous wool fat Lanolin Wool Of Sheeps Ovis Aries Bovidae (^) LanocericOleic^ Acid Acid, Cosmetics^ Creams, 71 Yellow bees wax Bees Wax Honey Comb Apis Dorsata Apidae (^) MyricylMyricine, palmitae^ Ointment Plaster^ Hard Paraffin, Stearic Acid (^72) Pectin Pectin Citrus Peel Citrus Limonis Rutaceae (^) GalactMethyl Alcohol,uronic acid Haemorrhage^ Diarrhoea, (^73) Gelatin Gelatin Bones Bovidae Gelatin (^) jellies,SaladCandies, 74 Sodium Alginate Algin Algae Macrocystic Pyrifera Phaeophyceae - Binding ,Jellies, Ice-Creams (^75) Kaolin China clay Hydrated Aluminium silicate
- -^ Adsorbent, Cosmetics 76 Miscelanious Drug Liquorice Mulethi (^) RootsDried^ Glycyrrhiza glabra Leguminosae (^) Glycyrrhizinic AcidGlycyrrhizin, Sweetning Agent^ Demulcent, (^77) Picrorrhiza Kutki (^) RhizomesDried^ Picrorrhiza Kurroa^ Scrophulariacea e^ Picroside I & II Kutkoside ,^ Antiperiodic, Stomachic (^78) Linseed oil Flax Seed (^) Ripe SeedDried Usitassimum^ Linum Linaceae (^) Lenoleic Acidoleic Acid^ , Liniments^ Lotion,^ Cotton Seed Oil, Sunflower Oil (^79) Shankhpushpi shankhwel Aerial plant Decussata^ Canscora Gentianaceae Shankhpushpin,^ Juice use in Medicine, Nervine Tonic Canscora Diffusa (^80) Garlic Allium (^) bulbsRipe Allium sativum Liliaceae (^) AllicinAllin,^ Carminative , Stimulant (^81) Dioscorea Yam (^) TuberDried^ Dioscorea Deltoidea Dioscoreaceae Dioscin, Diosgenin, Starch Corticosteroids , Oral-contraceptive 82 Shatavari Shatmuli (^) RootsDried^ Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae (^) SarsapogeninShatavarin, Galactogogue, Tonic, Diluretic 83 Natural Pesticides Tobacco Tobacco (^) leavesDried^ Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae (^) NornicotinNicotin,^ Cigars, Pipe tobacco (^84) Pyrethrum (^) FlowerInsect Dried Flower Head Chrysanthemu m cinerarifolium Compositae Pyrethrin Cinerin - -l , lll ,^ ll, Mosquito coil^ Insecticides, 85 Plant fibres Cotton Cotton wool^ Epidermal hairs Herbaceum^ Gossypium Malvaceae (^) ProtoplasmCellulose,^ Sergical dressing, Absorbent cotton (^86) Jute Gunny Stem bark Corchorus olitorius Tiliaceae (^) HemicelluloseCellulose,^ Tows, coarse bag, Filtering media cannabinus^ Hibiscus (^87) Hemp - Fibre plant^ Cannabis Sativa Cannabinaceae, - (^) Twines, RopesSai cloth, 88 Flax Linen Stem (^) UsitatissiumLinum Linaceae Pecto cellulose Rugs, lace, lawn
