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A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers covering key concepts in animal nutrition and digestion, particularly focusing on ruminant animals. It explores topics such as nutrient requirements, digestive processes, rumen function, and the role of enzymes in digestion. Valuable for students studying animal science, agriculture, or related fields.
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True or False: Domesticated animals consume a wider variety of foods than wild animals. -- Answer โโ False True or False: Nonessential nutrients can be synthesized by an animal's body. -- Answer โโ True A nutrient that is needed in relatively large amounts in the diet is a(n) ______________. -- Answer โโ Macronutrient Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract?
Intermediate Feeders Concentrate Selectors Roughage/Grass Grazers Which of the following is NOT a function of mastication (chewing) in carnivores?
What Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) is most prevalent in the rumen? -- Answer โโ Acetate Which of the following can occur when a ruminant animal suffers rumen acidosis?
protein fats oils -- Answer โโ Minerals Which of the following is NOT a role of the large intestine? fermentation absorption of water storage of digesta secrete enzymes all of the above are functions of the LI none of the above are functions of the LI -- Answer โโ Secrete enzymes True or False: An animal's ability to digest milk decreases with age. -- Answer โโ True In your own words, describe the digestive differences between pre-gastric fermenters and post-gastric fermenters. Include examples of each as well as advantages and disadvantages. -- Answer โโ Pre-gastric fermenters have a large fermentation compartment between their esophagus and their "true" stomach. Ruminants are pre- gastric fermenters and their rumen is where digestion and fermentation occur. This gives them an advantage compared to post-gastric fermenters because they can make better use of alternative nutrients, detoxify some poisonous compounds, and have more effective use of fermentation end-products. There are also some disadvantages though, such as that their fermentation is inefficient and they are susceptible to toxins produced by rumen microbes. Although pre-gastric fermenters have a slower digestive process, they are more efficient per unit volume of food. Examples of pre-gastric fermenters include ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and deer, as well as non-ruminants such as hamsters, kangaroos, and hippos. In post-gastric fermenters, digestion occurs in the large intestine and the colon. There are two types of post gastric fermenters; cecal fermenters and colonic fermenters. Examples of cecal fermenters include the rabbit, rat, and mouse, while examples of
colonic fermenters include the elephant, horse, cat, and dog. Advantages of post-gastric fermenters include being able to spend less time eating and having a faster digestive process. Since they have this faster digestive time though, they are unable to utilize their food as efficiently as pre-gastric fermenters. The organ that shunts milk directly to the omasum in young ruminant animals is called the _________________. -- Answer โโ Reticular Groove The 1 is the largest stomach compartment in adult ruminant animals, while the 2 is the largest stomach compartment in newborn ruminant animals. -- Answer โโ 1. Rumen
True or False: A ruminant can survive indefinitely without a functional rumen as long as it is not fed roughages. -- Answer โโ False Match the four steps of rumination with their definitions
Microbes provide all of the following benefits to the ruminant EXCEPT: Provide high quality protein Produce volatile fatty acids (VFA's) Digest cellulose and hemicellulose Detoxify some toxic compounds Microbes provide all of the above benefits -- Answer โโ Microbes provide all of the above benefits The primary source of energy produced in the rumen is in the form of ________________. -- Answer โโ Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Microbes reap little or no benefit from their relationship with ruminant animals. -- Answer โโ False The most prevalent type of rumen microbes are _____________. -- Answer โโ Bacteria Summarize feeding strategies that can maximize microbial growth in the rumen. -- Answer โโ Maximizing an animal's dry matter intake and offering food to the animal at all times will help maximize microbial growth in the rumen. Carbohydrates and protein fractions should be balanced at the same time, since bacteria require both for amino acid synthesis. Also, no rapid changes in ration will help. Which of the following is NOT a source of carbohydrates. Sugars Minerals Cellulose Starch -- Answer โโ Minerals Match the carbohydrate classifications below with their description.
True or False: Ruminants can break down lignin as long as they are provided plenty of water. -- Answer โโ False What are two reasons a producer might want to feed indigestible fiber (soluble or insoluble) to a monogastric animal (non-horse). -- Answer โโ Fructooligosaccharides are indigestible by animals but are often used as prebiotics. They can promote the growth of lactic-acid bacteria and suppress the growth of E. coli. True or False: Most feed carbohydrates are monosaccharides. -- Answer โโ False Which of the following sugars can be absorbed into the body? Monosaccharides Disaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides All of the Above None of the Above -- Answer โโ Monosaccharides Match the disaccharides on the left with their monosaccharide components on the right. Lactose Sucrose Maltose -- Answer โโ Glucose & Galactose Glucose & Fructose Glucose & Glucose In your own words, describe the differences in carbohydrate digestion and absorption between ruminant and non-ruminant animals. -- Answer โโ Non-ruminant animals begin carbohydrate digestion in their mouth with salivary amylase, which ruminants do not have. Digestive enzymes in the small intestine of non-ruminants break down
carbohydrates into monosaccharides, mostly in the form of glucose. These monosaccharides are taken up by either active transport, used for glucose and galactose, or facilitated transport for fructose, and carried to the liver. Ruminants do not use digestive enzymes like non-ruminants do, instead they use their rumen where almost all carbohydrates are fermented. While non-ruminants get most of their energy from glucose, ruminants use volatile fatty acids. Glucose in non-ruminants and volatile fatty acids in ruminants are then absorbed into the animal's blood circulation. In ruminant animals, most carbohydrates are fermented in the _________________. -- Answer โโ Rumen Cellulolytic bacteria are predominate in animals fed 1 diets, while amylolytic bacteria are predominate in animals fed 2 diets. -- Answer โโ 1. Roughage / Forage