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(A) use of French or English as the official language of many African nations (B) diversity of cultures found in Africa (C) decline of the slave trade in the 19th century (D) recent advances in technology in African nations 1 The geographic features of the African Continent are partly responsible for the (A) Age of Discovery (B) Age of Imperialism (C) World War II (D) Cold War Era 2 Which period of European history do the phrases "White Man's Burden" and "Scramble for Africa" refer to? Base your answers to questions 3 through 5 on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: I am offended by the term "Dark Continent." It implies that only ignorance and barbarism were here before European explorers and settlers invaded the continent, bringing thier "enlightened" ways. Speaker B: This hemisphere might have been a "New World" to Europeans, but it certainly was not a "New World" to the Incas, Aztecs, and other Indian Nations whose worlds were destroyed by the brutal greed of the Europeans. Speaker C: Defeat at Dienbienphu resulted in French withdrawal from the region. I was glad to see them go. The French exploited our land, resources, and people. And now, American involvement in the region frustrates our nationalist ambitions. It will lead to more military conflict. Speaker D: Upon arrival, we found a primitive people living in a primitive land. We built roads and bridges, sanitation systems, schools, and hospitals. We helped eliminate starvation and poverty. I feel no guilt about our past and continued presence in the region. (A) geographers have often disagreed on terminology (B) terminology and labeling can often lead to misconceptions and stereotyping (C) the colonial experience was welcomed by most native peoples (D) African economies are based on subsistence agriculture 3 The statement by Speaker A could best be used to support the idea that (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D 4 Which speaker expresses an opinion that is different from the other three?
(A) socialism (B) isolationism (C) imperialism (D) feudalism 5 The statements of all four speakers relate to 6 Base your answer to the following question on the charts below and on your knowledge of social studies. (A) Technological improvements will cause a population decline through Asia. (B) Developed nations will be home to a majority of the world's population. (C) Efforts to curb population growth in developing nations will be successful. (D) Africa may experience problems with overpopulation. Which conclusion about the world population in the next 25 years is supported by the information in these charts?
(A) outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion (B) meeting of the Berlin Conference (C) signing of the Munich Pact (D) collapse of the Ottoman Empire 15 Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ".. .As late as the 1870s, only 10% of the continent was under direct European control, with Algeria held by France, the Cape Colony and Natal (both in modern South Africa) by Britain, and Angola by Portugal. And yet by 1900, European nations had added almost 10 million square miles of Africa—one-fifth of the land mass of the globe—to their overseas colonial possessions. Europeans ruled more than 90% of the African continent.... " Source: Saul David, "Slavery and the Scramble for Africa,' " BBC British History in Depth Which event most directly influenced the change referred to in this passage? (A) have strong tribal ties (B) are still loyal to the former colonial power (C) do not wish to remain in Africa (D) are unwilling to accept authority figures 16 Many modern-day African nations have had difficulty uniting their people because the people (A) rain forest destruction (B) desertification (C) air pollution (D) flooding 17 Which problem in the savanna regions of Africa is caused by population pressures and overuse of the land? (A) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa (B) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East (C) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa (D) Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire 18 Mansa Musa's journey to Mecca in the 1300s is evidence that (A) encourage rapid industrialization of the interior (B) prevent the development of kingdoms (C) promote large-scale trade between Africa and Asia (D) promote the growth of diverse societies 19 In Africa, an effect of topography and climate has been to (A) continuation of attacks from neighboring Zimbabwe (B) move toward the creation of a theocratic state (C) struggle for power between different groups within South Africa's black majority (D) continued international economic embargo against South Africa 20 A major problem currently facing the Republic of South Africa is the (A) the earliest humans evolved in the Rift Valley in Africa (B) farming societies developed before hunting and gathering societies (C) all the continents were settled at about the same time (D) the wheel was used by all ancient societies 21 Recent archaeological studies suggest the theory that (A) Latin America (B) South Asia (C) East Asia (D) Africa 22 Which region was most affected by decisions made at the Berlin Conference of 1884?
(A) a rise in nationalism in several African countries (B) the end of apartheid in South Africa (C) a resurgence of colonialism in east Africa (D) the revival of Islam in northern Africa 23 The actions of Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, Léopold Senghor, and Julius Nyerere were most closely associated with 24 Base your answer to the following question on "the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. " (A) "Africa - A Mosaic of Cultures" (B) "Africa - The Origin of Humankind" (C) "Africa's Diverse Climatic Zones" (D) "Africa's Unique Desert Regions" Which would be the best title for the map? (A) These African societies flourished at the same time. (B) Farming was more extensive in the Nile River Valley than it was in the Fertile Crescent. (C) The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa. (D) These societies had a long and rich history before their first contact with Europeans. 25 Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the early civilizations of Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai? (A) Silk Road trade (B) Crusades (C) Columbian Exchange (D) Scramble for Africa 26 • Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe.
- Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage.
- Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples.
- Spanish language is used in much of Latin America. Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements? (A) eliminate Communist influence (B) rule as the majority political party (C) create a united Africa (D) promote homeland areas for blacks 27 In the Republic of South Africa, the primary goal of the African National Congress (ANC) has been to
(A) raw materials used in industry (B) religious inspiration (C) free labor for the Americas (D) technologically innovative practices 32 One of the most important motives for the European “Scramble for Africa” in the late 1800s was that Africa provided a source of (A) Atatürk [Mustafa Kemal] (B) Ho Chi Minh (C) José de San Martín (D) Kwane Nkrumah 33 Which name would best complete this partial outline? I. African Nationalists of the 20th Century A. Leopold Senghor B. Jomo Kenyatta C. Julius Nyerere D. ___________________ (A) promote African unity (B) support cultural diversity (C) encourage European investment in Africa (D) advocate a return to colonial conditions 34 The term "Pan–Africanism" can best be defined as a movement whose purpose is to (A) Ethnic conflict was not a factor in the late 20th century. (B) The United Nations was successful in resolving these disputes. (C) Genocide was used as a political and military tactic. (D) Civilians were not affected by these disputes. 35 What would a study of the recent civil wars in Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Rwanda show about these conflicts? (A) The slave trade declined in western Africa. (B) Islam spread into southern Africa. (C) European colonization of central Africa was delayed. (D) Trade increased between southern and northern Africa. 36 How did topography and climate affect the history of Africa? 37 Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Punch, 1892 (adapted) (A) "Imperialism is a Glorious Pursuit." (B) "Embrace African Diversity." (C) "Unite All Africans." (D) "Connecting Constantinople to Cairo." Which slogan best reflects the point of view of Cecil Rhodes as shown in this cartoon?
(A) a continuation of the international trade sanctions imposed on South Africa in 1985 (B) a renewed interest in investing in South Africa's economy (C) the hazards associated with overseas economic investment (D) a belief that the banks and the bond market in South Africa are inferior to those in Europe 38 "The Very First Thing You Should Know About South African Stocks and Bonds" "Two Leading Financial Institutions Show You Around South Africa's Banking World" "Amalgamated Banks of South Africa: Everything You'd Expect From An International Banking Partner" The titles of these pamphlets, available in 1994 from an American business and financial publication, reflect (A) limited transportation systems remain a problem for Africa (B) animism is a strongly nationalistic religion in Africa (C) cultures and governments vary greatly throughout much of Africa (D) the United Nations opposes regional movements and organizations 39 The major reason the Pan-African movement has failed in its attempts to unify Africa is that (A) ethnic conflict (B) isolationist policies (C) dictatorial rule (D) religious fundamentalism 40 Which factor was mainly responsible for the mass killings in Rwanda and Burundi in the mid-1990s?
42 Base your answer to the following question on the cartogram below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: The 1998 Information Please Almanac, Houghton Mifflin (adapted) (A) The distribution of arable land in Africa is unequal. (B) Most of the arable land in Africa is located in South Africa. (C) The arable land in Africa has increased in the 1990s. (D) Tanzania has a greater percentage of arable land than Senegal has. Based on the information in this cartogram, what is a valid conclusion about arable land in Africa in the 1990s? (A) impose economic sanctions on South Africa (B) demand that whites return to their European homelands (C) send troops to South Africa (D) support policies of apartheid 43 In the 1980s, global concern for blacks in the Republic of South Africa led many nations to
44 Base your answer to the following question on the table below and on your knowledge of social studies. (A) Most of South Africa's trade is with other African countries. (B) Trade with the United States is not important to South Africa. (C) South Asia is the single most important producer of manganese in the world. (D) The export of mineral resources is an important part of the economy of South Africa. Which is the most valid statement about the Republic of South Africa that can be made based on the information in the table?
(A) originated in South and Southeast Asia (B) is declining in developing societies (C) requires global cooperation to solve the problem (D) has been restricted to temperate climates 50 Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: UNAIDS: World AIDS Day Report 2011 (adapted) The data on this map suggests that HIV/AIDS (A) Congo River Basin (B) Great Rift Valley (C) Sahara Desert (D) Arabian Sea 51 One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were separated by the
52 Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Les Rowntree et al., Diversity Amid Globalization, Prentice Hall (adapted) (A) Meiji Restoration (B) Opium Wars (C) Berlin Conference (D) Boer War Many of the political divisions shown on this map were directly related to the (A) supported the United Nations military action in the Persian Gulf War (B) played a major role in independence movements in Africa (C) rejected financial aid from the World Bank (D) opposed the Pan-African movement 53 One way in which Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, and Kenneth Kaunda are similar is that they all (A) Misuse of the land has destroyed many rich food-producing regions. (B) Too few people in Africa and Asia are involved in food production. (C) Acid rain has been the major cause of crop failures. (D) European nations stopped shipping food to these regions. 54 Which conclusion is valid concerning the food shortages in some nations of Africa and Asia during the 1970s and 1980s?
58 Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Source: Linda Godfrey, Walworth County Week (A) Social concerns are often overemphasized. (B) Africa's issues are often overshadowed by events in other regions. (C) Too much time is devoted to European affairs. (D) Africa's problems can be solved if global powers cooperate. What does this cartoon suggest about news coverage of world events? (A) Jomo Kenyatta (B) Cecil Rhodes (C) Nelson Mandela (D) Kwame Nkrumah 59 The organization of campaigns in South Africa against the policy of racial separation and segregation are most closely associated with (A) demanding independence from their colonial rulers (B) refusing to join international organizations (C) rejecting most of the technology offered by Western nations (D) creating a strong, united Africa 60 After World War II, which action was taken by many African territories? (A) humans have existed for only 1,000 years (B) early humans lived in eastern Africa (C) early humans failed to invent tools (D) river valleys hindered cultural development 61 Discoveries by the Leakeys and other archaeologists have provided evidence that (A) language throughout most of Africa (B) goal to end European rule in Africa (C) ethnic bond among the people of sub-Saharan Africa (D) religion throughout most of Africa 62 A major factor in the development of 20th–century nationalist movements throughout Africa was a common
(A) military leaders in the Neolithic Age (B) rivers along which early trade developed (C) writers of epic poems about Greek cities (D) early civilizations in Africa 63 One similarity between Axum, Kush, and Nubia was that they were (A) development of self-sufficient economies in the colonies (B) exploitation of the colonial peoples and their lands (C) rapid industrialization of Africa and Asia (D) expansion of free-trade systems throughout the world 64 During the 19th century, European imperialism often led to the
