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AEST Associate of Agriculture Industry
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Describe the process of mitosis & Meiosis and include the stages of Mitosis - ✔✔ mitosis- genetically identical; daughter cells. meiosis- genetically different; gamates Stages of mitosis & meiosis - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase Describe the function of photosynthesis, transpiration, & cellular respiration. - ✔✔ photosynthesis- makes food, sun, h20, co2, creates sugars & starches transpiration- loss of water from plant cell respiration- releasing energy List & define 8 types of land classification - ✔✔ 1 - 4 cultivate (1 is best, can farm on) 5 - 8 grazing (only for animals) what is soil texture vs soil structure & list the soil particles in order of particle size- large to small - ✔✔soil texture- % of sand, silt, clay soil structure - arrangement of particles Separate the 17 essential plant nutrients into macro & micro, make sure t indicate which three are the most important - ✔✔macro: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Sulfur, Magnesium. Micro: Maganese, Molybdenum, Chlorine, Copper, Boron, Zink, Nickel, Iron
what is the most important nutrient's main purpose for the plant? - ✔✔Nitrogen; helps to make the plant green (chlorophyll) Describe the following propagation methods of air layering, tissue culture, stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, root cuttings, & seeds. - ✔✔Air layering is a method of propagating new trees and shrubs from stems still attached to the parent plant. The stem is wrapped with damp moss to encourage roots to form. Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Stem cuttings: It involves taking a section of stem from a parent plant and manipulating it to create a new plant. leaf cuttings: stem cutting produces new roots, and a root cutting produces new stems root cuttings: the portion of root is cut from a parent plant (often called a mother plant), placed in a growing medium, and then left to grow its own system of roots and stems. seeds: is the method of plant propagation (multiplying, reproducing, or breeding new plants) that is done through the use of seeds. What is germination vs propagation - ✔✔germination- seed sprouts propagation- growing plants Describe asexual plant propagation & sexual plant propagation. - ✔✔asexual: cuttings, layering, division, buddings, & grafting sexual:involves the union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female) to produce a seed Breakdown the spermatophyta category of plants & describe each sub level. - ✔✔Gymnosperm- cones, naked seeds Angiosperm- Flower parts (monocotyledons- first leaf, parallel veins, non-woody flowers * 3) (dicotyledons- netted veins, woody, flowers *4 or 5). describe the vascular system of a monocotyledon & dicotyledon - ✔✔monocot- vascular bundles dicot- organized
vice president- assume president info, if the president is no present secretary- minutes (notes), committee reports, maintain attendence treasurer- track expenses/ incomes, collect dues reporter-report news, plan activities, take pictures sentinel- greet, set up, plan compare & contrast the 3 main types of SAE project: placement, entrepreneurship, & research - ✔✔placement-The student is in an employment setting (paid or unpaid) entrepreneurship-The student operates an individual business which provides goods and/or services to the marketplace in the ownership aspect. research:there is a hypothesis, a control group, and variables, which are manipulated. all are using agricultural methods a timeline of important historical dates for FFA beginning with its founding - ✔✔ 1862 - marrill act (land grant universities) 1917 - smith hughes act- started vocational ed 1925 - future farmers of viginia (FFV) 1928 - FFA founded 1929 - national blue/ corn gold become FFA colors 1935 - new farmers of America 1965 - NFA+FFA merge 1969 - women can join FFA (everyone) 1988 - future farmers of America becomes the national FFA organization/ FFA symbol What is the FFA motto, salute, & colors? - ✔✔motto: Learning to do, Doing to learn, Earning to live, Living to serve. Salute: The pledge of allegiance colors: corn gold & national blue What are four types of FFA degree in order? - ✔✔Greenhand: bronze pin, earned 1st year of Ag class.
chapter: silver pin, earned 2nd year of Ag class State: gold pin, earned 3rd year of Ag class American: gold pin, earned after school List the parts & meaning of the FFA emblem - ✔✔The cross section of the ear of corn: foundation of emblem, corn is the foundation crop for the U.S; represents unity because corn is grown in all states. The Eagle: national symbol Rising sun: progress, a new day glowing with opportunity The plow: labor & tillage of the soil Owl: wisdom & knowledge Ag Ed words: FFA is an integral part of an agricultural education program What does CDE stand for & what is it? - ✔✔Career Development Events; Career and Leadership Development Events develop college and career readiness skills. The competitive events serve as an outgrowth of instruction in the agricultural education classroom for FFA members in grades 7 to 12. What are the parts of a speech? - ✔✔-The specific purpose
- The central idea
- Introduction
- Body& Conclusion What must the secretary take during a meeting? - ✔✔take minutes (notes), committee reports, attendance What are the rules for running a meeting? - ✔✔Each team will consist of seven members from the same chapter. Members will fulfill the duties of president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, reporter, sentinel and advisor. The member who performs the advisor role in opening ceremonies will participate as a member for the remaining time of the event.Team members must be enrolled in the seventh, eighth or ninth grade at the time of qualification.Teams must be selected at a state or interstate career/leadership development event held between the immediate previous national FFA convention and prior to the national FFA convention in which they are participating. States that qualify more than one year out must request and submit a written waiver for approval by the certification deadline.Team members must be FFA members at time of qualification.There will be a preliminary, semi-final and final
What is a board foot? - ✔✔The board foot or board-foot is a unit of measurement for the volume of lumber in the United States and Canada. It is the volume of a one-foot length of a board one foot wide and one inch thick How does farm land help protect wildlife? - ✔✔This land is then left to grow naturally without any type of crop being planted on it. ... Native species of plants can also establish themselves in these fields. What are the three signal words in order of severity - ✔✔Caution: slightly acutely toxic (could), Warning: moderately acutely toxic (will) Danger: very acutely toxic (dead) What clothing provides the best protection all around to those working in agriculture? - ✔✔Non-metallic hard hats offer impact protection and also resist water, burning and electrical shock. List personal protective equipment for your arms, face, legs, feet, eyes, ear, & nose. - ✔✔helmets, goggles, boots, gloves, respirators, earmuffs, earplugs, bodysuits What are the four classes of fire extinguisher & what are they for? - ✔✔There are four classes of fire extinguishers - A, B, C and D - and each class can put out a different type of fire. How do you use a fire extinguisher? - ✔✔1)Pull the pin. 2)Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire. Hitting the tops of the flame with the extinguisher 3)Squeeze the trigger. In a controlled manner, squeeze the trigger to release the agent. 4)Sweep from side to side. Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out. What is a SMV triangle? - ✔✔A slow moving vehicle(SMV) sign is a reflective orange triangle bordered with red that warns other road users that the vehicle displaying the sign is traveling slower than the normal speed of traffic. What three things do you need to have a fire? - ✔✔Heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen)
What are some examples of PPE for food safety? - ✔✔hairnets, gloves, face masks, slip-resistant shoes, aprons What is a GMO & why are people concerned that they are unsafe to consume? - ✔✔A GMO is a genetically modified organism What are some common food borne illnesses & how do they occur? - ✔✔Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coliis Are caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Many different disease-causing microbes or pathogens can contaminate foods. Most foodborne diseases are infections caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. What is the best way to handle, store, & cook raw meat? - ✔✔Always wash hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds before and after handling food. Don't cross-contaminate. Keep raw meat, poultry, fish, and their juices away from other food. After cutting raw meats, wash cutting board, utensils, and countertops with hot, soapy water. Store in coldest part of refrigerator 40 degrees or below. Cook at the right temperature to kill off harmful germs from the meat. What are different ways to preserve food? - ✔✔Drying, refrigeration, fermentation, canning, pasteurization, freezing, irradiation, and the addition of chemicals. What are some tips on handling, storing, & cooking eggs? - ✔✔Leftover raw egg whites and yolks should be put in airtight containers and stored in the refrigerator immediately. To prevent yolks from drying out, cover them with a little cold water. Drain the water before using. Wash hands, utensils, equipment, and work surfaces with hot, soapy water before and after they come in contact with raw eggs and raw egg- containing foods. Cook eggs until both the yolk and the white are firm. What is the difference between "sell by", "best by", & "expiration dates"? - ✔✔sell by: a date marked on a perishable product indicating the recommended time by which it should be sold. Best by: refers to the date recommended that you use the product by for best physical and/or sensory quality. expiration date: previously determined date after which something should no longer be used What are the best internal cooking temperatures to ensure safe consumption of chicken, beef, & pork? - ✔✔Beef: 145
Describe why the dust bowl occurred & how it affected agriculture today? - ✔✔Severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent the aeolian processes (wind erosion) caused the phenomenon. Caused the creation of crop rotation. Explain what the Hatch Act, Smith-Hughes Act, Smith-Lever Act & Land Grant Act did for agriculture education? - ✔✔Hatch Act: to establish agricultural experiment stations in connection with the colleges established in the several States Smith-Hughes Act: provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting precollegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics. Smith-Lever Act:established a national Cooperative Extension Service that extended outreach programs through land-grant universities to educate rural Americans about advances in agricultural practices and technology. Land Grant Act: donated Public Lands to the several States and Territories which may provide Colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. What percentage of their annual income do Americans spend on food? - ✔✔9.7% What is the practice of selective breeding? - ✔✔Is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. What is recombinant DNA? - ✔✔Formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome What are the steps of the scientific method? - ✔✔Ask a Question Do Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results How many grams are equal to one pound? - ✔✔454 grams
How many ounces are in a gallon? - ✔✔ 128 How many square feet are in an acre? - ✔✔43,560 square feet What cell parts are unique to plants? - ✔✔cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole What cell parts are unique to animals? - ✔✔each have a centrosome and lysosomes What cell parts create energy? - ✔✔Mitochondria What is the difference between Mitosis & Meiosis? - ✔✔Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells. How can farmers use genetics to improve their crops & livestock? - ✔✔The process of genetic inheritance (the transmission of characteristics or qualities from parents to offspring) allows farmers and breeders to improve food security by increasing both yields and the nutritive qualities of crop varieties and livestock breeds. What type of breeding involves choosing specific parents to desirable characteristics in the offspring? - ✔✔Selective breeding What is the name of the class of animals that have a stomach with four compartments? - ✔✔Ruminant Where is an intramuscular injection made? - ✔✔Should be given in the muscles of the neck What are needle teeth in pigs & why should they be removed? - ✔✔Pigs are born with eight needle (sometimes called wolf) teeth located on the sides of the upper and lower jaws. Historically, needle teeth were clipped in newborn pigs to prevent potential damage to the sow underline and consequentially, a reluctance to allow nursing.
what does 1 tap, 2 taps, 3 taps of the gavel during a meeting mean? - ✔✔One tap of the gavel follows the announcement of adjournment, the completion of a business item or is a message to the members to be seated. Two taps of the gavel call the meeting to order. Three taps of the gavel is the signal for all members to stand in unison on the third tap.
