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CAP Billy Mitchell Aerospace Milestone
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the direction from which the wind is blowing ✔✔Wind direction
the region of the earth that receives most of the sun's heat ✔✔The Equator
the first layer of the atmosphere in which the vast majority of weather, storms, and temperature differences occur. It extends from sea level up to 20,000 feet over the poles and to 60,000 feet over the equatorial regions and most of the atmosphere is contained in this region ✔✔The Troposphere
the first known powered aircraft with humans on board ✔✔Hot air balloon
made a historic flight over Paris, France on November 21, 1783. Their flight lasted 25 min and they flew approximately 5 miles from their launch point ✔✔Pilatre d'Rozier and Francois d'Arlandes
An artificial force that pushes or pulls an aircraft forward through the air and opposes drag ✔✔Thrust
the first true powered flight with humans on board that historians agree on ✔✔Hot air ballon
Created the first successful, manned, hot air balloon in 1783 ✔✔Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier
An artificial upward force that opposes gravity and supports the weight of an aircraft ✔✔Lift
A natural force which slows the forward movement of an aircraft in flight and opposes thrust ✔✔Drag
Rotation around the lateral axis and the elevator moving up and down causes this motion. The nose up/nose down motion ✔✔Pitch
Rotation around the vertical axis produced by the rudder and controlled by pedals. The nose right/nose left motion ✔✔Yaw
credited with the first manned, controlled powered flight. Made their historic flight on December 17, 1903 ✔✔Wright Brothers
an engine that has a fuel mixture that is burned within the engine. Also known as a reciprocating engine ✔✔Internal combustion engine
On December 29, 1970, the Occupational Safety and Health Act came into affect requiring most civilian aircraft to carry what? ✔✔Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
first man to walk on the moon ✔✔Neil Armstrong
Improved forms of gunpowder, which increased the range of the rocket ✔✔Roger Bacon
designed rockets for military use ✔✔William Congreve
A technique developed by Englishman, William Hale, wherein escaping gases in a rocket hit small vanes that made the rocket spin, and stabilize, much like a bullet in flight ✔✔Spin stabilization
improved the accuracy of rockets by launching them through tubes; this idea was the forerunner of the bazooka ✔✔Jean Froissart
a Russian; In 1961, became the first man in space and the first man to orbit the Earth ✔✔Yuri Gagarin
Became the first American to orbit the earth aboard the Mercury capsule, Friendship 7 which was launched by the Atlas rocket, and returned to space at the age of 77 becoming the oldest human to travel to space. ✔✔John Glenn
How long did the flight that put John Glenn into orbit around the Earth last? ✔✔About 5 hours
Achieved the first successful flight with a liquid-propellant rocket which was fueled by liquid oxygen and gasoline; is called the "Father of Modern Rocketry" ✔✔Robert Goddard
A Greek who developed the first rocket engine, which was propelled by steam ✔✔Hero
the leading Soviet rocket scientist; known as the "Father of the Soviet Space Program." He organized and led the development of the first successful Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile in 1957 ✔✔Sergei Korolev
Which Skylab mission was the longest and how long did it last? ✔✔The last or third mission; 84 days
The Space Transportation System (or space shuttle) used what to launch the shuttle orbiter? ✔✔Solid rocket boosters and three main engines
a space transportation system for traveling to space and back to Earth ✔✔Space Shuttle
first artificial satellite; Russian. Launched in 1957 ✔✔Sputnik I
proposed the use of rockets for space exploration, suggested the use of liquid propellants for rockets in order to achieve greater range, and became known as the "Father of Modern Astronautics" ✔✔Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
director of the V-2 rocket project, who after the war headed up the US rocket program ✔✔Wernher von Braun
Developed a gyroscope system for flight control, a payload compartment, and a parachute recovery system ✔✔Robert Goddard
The start of the race for space between the US and USSR( Soviet Union) ✔✔Sputnik's launch in 1957
Developed a form of gunpowder and used it as fireworks for religious and festive celebrations. ✔✔The Chinese
With the Chinese and _________________ at war with each other, early rockets were used as arrows of flying fire ✔✔The Mongols
The idea of launching rockets through tubes was the forerunner of what? ✔✔The bazooka
The rocket system that lifts a spacecraft and gives the spacecraft enough force to reach orbit ✔✔A launch vehicle
The first US satellite, launched in 1958. The first spacecraft to recognize the Van Allen radiation belt around the Earth. ✔✔Explorer I
Which of Newton's laws says that a body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force ✔✔Newton's First Law of Motion; law of inertia
everything associated with propelling the rocket ✔✔Propulsion system
Modern rockets consist of four major systems, what are they and what do they work together to do? ✔✔Air frame, guidance, control, and propulsion; deliver the payload
Provides the shape of the rocket and all of the other systems are contained within it; the skin of the rocket ✔✔The airframe
the driver of a rocket-powered car called the Blue Flame that set the land speed record. ✔✔Gary Gabelich
the driver of the jet-engine powered Thrust SSC that broke the sound barrier on land ✔✔Andy Green
The jet-engine powered car that broke the sound barrier on land. Driven by Andy Green ✔✔Thrust SSC
A rocket-powered car that set the land speed record. Driven by Gary Gabelich ✔✔Blue Flame
an enormous collection of stars arranged in a particular shape ✔✔Galaxy
region beyond the Earth's atmosphere where there is very little molecular activity ✔✔Space
all encompassing term that includes everything ✔✔Universe
Russian space station that fell back to Earth in 2001, marking the end of the Russian Space Program ✔✔Mir
an award given to anyone who reaches an altitude of 50 miles ✔✔Astronaut Wings
A beautiful, graceful form that is the actual shape of a airfoil (wing). ✔✔A tear-drop
The tendency of a stream of fluid to not return to its original path after flowing over or around a curved surface ✔✔The Coanda Effect
Located control surfaces out on the ends of the wings ✔✔Ailerons
Increases lift, slows down the aircraft, especially useful in landing, and increases drag. Also used during takeoff and allows the pilot to decrease takeoff distance ✔✔Flaps
When warm air rises into the colder air at higher altitudes, it cools and then stops rising. After a period of "hanging around," the air begins to sink back toward Earth. This up and down movement results in a circulation. ✔✔Convection
It rises, it expands and the pressure drops. Is less dense, has less mass, and weighs less ✔✔Warm (heated) air
The age a cadet is eligible by federal aviation regulation (FAA) to solo a glider ✔✔ 14
Once a cadet has soloed a glider, they can then move on to poweredflight training with the eventual goal to achieve the coveted__________________________. ✔✔Private Pilot's Certificate
Instrument to provide the height of the balloon above sea level, also indicates the height at which the balloon is flying. In an airplane, it measures pressure and displays this as height above sea level ✔✔Altimeter
One of several vertical panels that make up the envelope ✔✔Gore
an instrument which measures the temperature within the envelope of a hot air balloon. A temperature gauge which displays both the hot air temperature inside the envelope and that of the outside air ✔✔Thermistor
an instrument to determine the rate of climb or descent; displays a rate of change in altitude ✔✔Vertical Velocity Indicator(VVI)/ variometer
One of two fabrics most widely used for making the panels of a hot air balloon. It is the lighter and stronger of the two fabrics, and both fabrics are coated with polyurethane and other additives to give it longer wear and greater resistance to ultraviolet sunlight damage ✔✔Nylon
A hand-operated control controlled by the pilot in the cockpit that controls engine speed by regulating the amount of air and fuel that flows into it during the intake or suction phase. ✔✔The throttle control
Produces alternating current, which is then converted to direct current ✔✔Alternator
An instrument in the cockpit that monitors the electrical current, or flow. ✔✔Ammeter
Has to be on to engage the starter, and, in the event of an alternator malfunction in flight, it can be turned off to isolate the alternator from the rest of the system ✔✔the master switch
Has two primary functions in an engine: to lubricate moving parts; and to carry away heat ✔✔oil
Monitors the engine speed, also displays the speed of the propeller ✔✔tachometer
This allows the pilot to monitor the temperature and take corrective measures to avoid possible engine damage due to over heating ✔✔oil temperature gauge
Oil is circulated through an aircraft engine by a pump and it is the _____________ that monitors this operation ✔✔oil pressure gauge
A differential pressure gauge that measures the dynamic pressure of the air through which the aircraft is flying. Displays the craft's airspeed, typically in knots, to the pilot. The airplanes speedometer ✔✔Airspeed Indicator
Three instruments that work on the principle of differences in pressure, or pressure differential ✔✔The altimeter, the vertical velocity indicator, the airspeed indicator
What three flight instruments work on the principle of gyroscopes, maintaining their position while spinning? ✔✔Attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn coordinator
What flight instrument gives the pilot an artificial horizon? ✔✔Attitude indicator
What is the purpose of the turn coordinator and the inclinometer? ✔✔The turn coordinator and inclinometer show whether a turn was executed properly.
What are three things that are true about microbursts? ✔✔Microbursts are particularly dangerous during takeoffs and landings; they can occur very suddenly leaving little time for a pilot to react, they can be associated with or without precipitation. A microburst is a column of sinking air that as it hits the ground diverges in many directions and is a downburst phenomenon that creates unstable air and thunderstorm turbulence
What will happen if a pilot doesn't take into account the Coriolis Effect when flying south from the North Pole to the equator? ✔✔He will land west of the intended destination. Results in wrong destination
What causes the Earth to have seasonal changes? ✔✔the tilt of the Earth on its axis. Also the Earth's rotations plus revolution and the sun unevenly heating the Earth. NOT the Earths distance from the sun
What do warmer temperatures result in when dealing with aircraft? ✔✔Long acceleration times to attain proper takeoff speed, a pilot needs to calculate the distance needed to make sure there is enough runway for takeoff. Warmer temperatures impact takeoffs. Pressure differences
A region of the atmosphere where electrons are gained or lost. It begins at an altitude of about 25 miles and extends outward to about 250 miles. ✔✔Ionosphere, which is filled with ions and
caused by powerful ultraviolet radiation from the sun and the ultra high frequency cosmic rays from the stars
A region of the atmosphere where the sun's radiation reacts with the oxygen molecules and causes them to pick up a third atom, creating ozone. It performs the very important function of shielding use from ultraviolet and infrared radiation and extends from about 10 to 30 miles in altitude. ✔✔Ozonosphere
A blanket of air made up of a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and reaches almost 350 miles from the surface of the Earth ✔✔The atmosphere
The method by which the Sun, unevenly, heats the Earth. Heat transferred by the sun ✔✔Radiation
What are the four principle ways in which heat is transferred from one place to another? ✔✔Conduction, convection, advection, and radiation
When a molecule is heated and comes in contact with another molecule, the second molecule absorbs some of this heat. This is heating by direct contact and is called what? ✔✔Conduction
