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An overview of various aerodigestive disorders affecting the pharynx and larynx, including chronic cough, dystonia, epiglottitis, fungal infections, laryngeal stenosis, laryngospasm, and muscle tension dysphonia. Each disorder is described in terms of its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. The document also covers less common conditions such as laryngeal clefts, laryngeal webs, and velopharyngeal dysfunction.
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Aerodigestive Disorders of the Airway (Pharynx and Larynx) Condition or disease Description Results in Chronic cough Cough lasting more than 8 weeks in adults and more than 4 weeks in children May be termed “somatic cough syndrome” in the absence of a known cause or “tic cough” when accompanied by core clinical features of tics, including suppressibility, distractibility, suggestibility, variability, and presence of a warning sensation Coughing; voice problems from irritation of the vocal folds Dystussia Disordered cough—inability to cough effectively due to weakened vocal folds or reduced muscle coordination or sensation Reduced airway protection Epiglottitis Inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding tissue Difficulty breathing Fungal infections of the larynx (e.g., blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, candidiasis) Fungal infections commonly seen in immunocompromised patients Voice problems and odynophagia (painful swallowing) Irritable larynx Laryngeal hypersensitivity to stimuli such as strong smells, cold air, or talking Cough or throat clearing Laryngeal clefts Abnormal opening between the larynx and the esophagus
cartilage below the true vocal folds
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