



Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Give a detailed analysis of ruby laser
Typology: Lecture notes
1 / 5
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
The ruby laser is the first type of laser actually constructed, first demonstrated in 1960 by T. H. Maiman. The ruby mineral (corundum) is aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) with a small amount (about 0.05%) of chromium ions (Cr3+) which gives it its characteristic pink or red color by absorbing green and blue light. The ruby laser is used as a pulsed laser, producing red light at 6943Å. After receiving a pumping flash from the flash tube, the laser light emerges for as long as the excited atoms persist in the ruby rod, which is typically about a millisecond. The ruby laser has following main parts:
PN-junction Laser: A semiconductor laser is a specially fabricated pn junction device (both the p and n regions are highly doped) which emits coherent light when it is forward biased. It is made from Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) which operated at low temperature and emits light in near IR region.Now the semiconductor laser are also made to emit light almost in the spectrum from UV to IR using different semiconductor materials. They are of very small size (0.1 mm long), efficient, portable and operate at low power. These are widely used in Optical fibre communications, in CD players, CD-ROM Drives, optical reading, laser printing etc. p and n regions are made from same semiconductor material (GaAs). A p type region is formed on the n type by doping zinc atoms. The diode chip is about 500 mm long and 100mm wide and thick. the top and bottom faces has metal contacts to pass the current. the front and rare faces are polished to constitute the resonator (fig 1).
The most common and inexpensive gas laser, the helium-neon laser is usually constructed to operate in the red at 6328 Å. It can also be constructed to produce laser action in the green at 5435 Å and in the infrared at 15,230 Å. The He – Ne laser has following main parts: