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Advanced Public Speaking Exam 1 Examination Study Guide 2024/2025
Typology: Exams
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Situational Anxiety - ansRefers to the specific factors in a given speaking situation that causes nervousness Trait Anxiety - ansOne has a severe form of anxiety and negative image (negative past speaking experiences, subordinate to others, more nervous than others) Positive Imagery - ansProgramming your mind to mentally visualize a successful confident speech. Involves replacing negative words with positive ones, picturing yourself doing a good job, set goals. Uses positive statements such as "I will have good eye contact." Systematic Desensitization - ansFocuses on relaxing and staying relaxed as one thinks about participating in anxiety producing public speaking situations. This method uses relaxation and positive imagery as one visualizes mastering the public speaking situation from beginning to end. Cognitive Restructuring - ansIdentifying irrational thoughts one holds towards the public speaking situations and using relaxation exercises and positive imagery to overcome the anxiety Rhetoritherapy - ansThis method doesn't employ positive imagery but uses sill acquisition to slowly acclimate one to public speaking situations. One might start out speaking a small group and progress to larger audiences as they master public speaking skills and confidence. The 5 Stages of Listening - ansSensing, Interpreting, Evaluating, Responding, Remembering Barriers of Listening: Sensing - ansReceiving or hearing the sounds from the environment.
Barrier: Making the conscious choice to select or ignore the incoming stimuli. Barriers of Listening: Interpreting - ansSupplying meanings for the messages received. Barrier: Frame of reference. Meanings are people, not words. Barriers of Listening: Evaluating - ansConsidering the message and making value judgements. Barrier: Listeners avoid persuasion by criticizing the speaker, doubting credibility, misinterpreting ideas, thinking of something else Barriers of Listening: Responding - ansListeners giving feedback. Any discernible reaction to a message, including verbal and nonverbal messages. Barriers of Listening: Remembering - ansRetaining the messages received. Barrier: We remember 10 percent of what we read, 20 percent of what we hear, 30 percent of what we see, 50 percent of what we see and hear, 70 percent of what we say and write, 90 percent of what we say and do Overcoming Listening Barriers: Sensing - ansExternal Stimuli: attention getter, movement, audience participation, vocal variety Internal Stimuli: motivation, benefits Overcoming Listening Barriers: Interpretation - ansAudience analysis, frequent repetition and restatement, visual delivery and vocal delivery are congruent. Recognize that 100 percent communication is an unrealistic goal. Overcoming Listening Barriers: Evaluating - ansBuild your credibility through: quality visuals, dynamic delivery, well
Uninterested Audience - ansBrief presentation, supporting materials: humor/powerful quotations/startling statistics, interesting visuals, entertaining delivery, varied movement, expressive gestures, dynamic vocal delivery FLOW - ansFocus, lead-in, organized body, wrap up Focus - ansAttention getter, motivation, credibility Lead-In - ansState position statement, give background problem, preview main points Organized Body - ansUse persuasive organizational pattern Wrap Up - ansVisualize future, issue a challenge or appeal to action, summarize and refocus Speech to Convince - ansAsks audience to believe you/agree with you Speech to Actuate - ansAsks audience to take a particular action Statement of Fact - ansSomething is or is not true Statement of Value - ansSomething is or is not good Statement of Policy - ansSomething should or should not be done Elements of Credibility - ansTrustworthiness, competency, dynamic delivery, objectivity Aristotle's 3 Cornerstones of Persuasion - ansEmotion (a strong surge of feeling marked by an impulse to outward expansion) Logic (the science concerned with the principles of valid reasoning and correct inference Character (trustworthiness, competency, dynamic delivery, objectivity) Persuasive Patterns: Claim - ansLead In: Problem Claim 1
Claim 2 Claim 3 Persuasive Patterns: Causal - ansLead In: Problem Cause Effect Solution of Action Persuasive Patterns: Problem-Solution - ansProblem Solution Benefits (desirable effects) or Action Persuasive Patterns: Comparative Advantage - ansLead In: Problem Plan X: Innfective Plan Y: Superior