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Tidal Volume
Amount of air inhaled in one breath during relaxed, quiet breathing Typical Value: 500 mL TERM 2
Inspiratory Capacity
DEFINITION 2 Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration (TV + IRV) Typical Value: 3500mL TERM 3
Residual Volume
DEFINITION 3 Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration. Keeps alveoli inflated between breaths and mixes with fresh air on next inspiration. Typical Value: 1200mL TERM 4
Functional Residual Capacity
DEFINITION 4 Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration. (RV + ERV) Typical Value: 2400mL TERM 5
Vital Capacity
DEFINITION 5 Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. (ERV+TV+IRV) Typical Value 4700mL
Total Lung Capacity
Maximum amount of air the lungs can contain (RV+VC). Typical Value 5900mL TERM 7
Forced Vital Capacity
DEFINITION 7 The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration (Forcefully) TERM 8
Forced Expiratory Volume 1 second
DEFINITION 8 A person takes a maximal inspiration and then exhales maximally as fast as possible. TERM 9
Conducting Zone
DEFINITION 9 The conducting zone of the respiratory system is made up of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Contains no alveoli and has no gas exchange with the blood. TERM 10
Respiratory Zone
DEFINITION 10 Extends from the respiratory bronchioles down. This zone contains alveoli and is the region where gases exchange with the blood
Normal PAO
100mmHg TERM 17
Normal PACO
DEFINITION 17 40mmHg TERM 18
How does surfactant affect the work of
breathing, lung compliance, the recoil of the
lung, and the elasticity of the lung?
DEFINITION 18 Decreased surfactant equals decreased compliance and makes it hard to breath, there is decreased recoil and decreased elasticity. Atelectasis is more prevalant with decreased surfactant and can cause permanent lung damage. TERM 19
Size of alveoli at apex and base, compliance
of alveoli and elasticity of alveoli.
DEFINITION 19 Base= smaller alveoli Apex= larger alveoli More compliance at the base, and more elasticity at the base due to increased surfactant and less surface area. TERM 20
V/Q Ratio
DEFINITION 20 Amount of blood flow and perfusion in relation to the alveoli. If there is a mismatch it is to lower the PO2 of systemic arterial blood. Pulmonary veins and arteries are normally about 5mmHg less than that of the average alveolar air.
Alveolar Dead Space
Some air inspired is not used for gas exchange with the blood even though it reaches the alveoli because some alveoli may for various reasons have little or no blood supply. TERM 22
Physiological Shunt (Intrapulmonary)
DEFINITION 22 Blood flowing through areas of the lung tha thave no ventilation due to collapsed alveoli A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfused with blood as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused region. PERFORMED AT THE BASE TERM 23
A-a Gradient
DEFINITION 23 A measure of the difference between the alveolar concentration of O2 and the arterial concentration of O Used in diagnosing the source of hypoxemia V/Q mismatch would cause a change, or defect in diffusion, or left to right shunt TERM 24
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
DEFINITION 24 Peripheral chemoreceptors act most importantly to detect variation of the oxygen in the arterial blood, in addition to detecting arterial carbon dioxide and pH. Stimulated by decreased PO2 (hypoxia) Increased Hydrogen ion concentration (metabolic acidosis) Increased PCO (Respiratory Acidosis) Carotid Bodies and Aortic Bodies TERM 25
Central Chemoreceptors
DEFINITION 25 Central chemoreceptors of the central nervous system, are sensitive to the pH of their environment. Located in the Medula Oblongata, responds to changes in the brains ECF Stimulate by: Increased PCO2 by associated changes in Hydrogen ion concentration.
