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ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM (2025) Actual Exam Questions and
Answers A+ Graded
Nurse .practitioner .prescriptive .authority .is .regulated .by: a. The .National .Council .of .Sate .Board .of .Nursing b. The .State .Board .of .Nursing .for .each .state c. The .U. .S. .Drug .Enforcement .Administration d. The .State .Board .of .Pharmacy .- .ANSWER- .b. .The .State .Board .of .Nursing .for .each .state Eight .Information .needed .for .the .prescription .- .ANSWER- .1. .Date .of .prescribing;
- Name .of .patient(s);
- Prescriber's .name;
- Name, .strength, .and .dosage .of .drug .or .device;
- Number .of .refills, .if .applicable;
- Quantity .prescribed .in .weight, .volume, .or .number .of .units;
- An .indication .of .whether .generic .substitution .has .been .authorized .by .the .prescriber;
- Any .change .or .alteration .made .to .the .prescription .dispensed .on .contact .with .the .prescriber .must .show .a .clear .audit .trail. Three .additional .required .information .for .controlled .substances .- .ANSWER- .1. .Address .of .the .prescriber .and .patient;
- .The .prescriber's .DEA .number; 3 .Controlled .prescriptions .shall .also .comply .with .all .requirements .of .federal .and .state .controlled .substance .laws. Who .oversees .the .APRN's .prescribing .of .controlled .substances? a. The .pharmaceutical .board .of .the .state b. The .federal .government .(DEA) c. The .practice .protocols .of .the .hospital d. Practice .agreements .- .ANSWER- .b. .The .federal .government .(DEA) The .USFDA .regulates: a. Prescribing .of .drugs .by .medical .doctors .and .nurse .practitioners
a. Maintain .competence .in .the .prescribing .of .common .herbal .remedies. b. Recommend .common .over-the-counter .herbs .to .patients. c. Educate .patients .and .guide .them .to .appropriate .sources .of .care. d. Encourage .patients .to .not .use .herbal .therapy .due .to .the .documented .dangers. .- .ANSWER- .c. .Educate .patients .and .guide .them .to .appropriate .sources .of .care. Prescribing .for .women .during .their .childbearing .years .requires .constant .awareness .of .the .possibility .of: a. High .risk .for .developmental .disorders .in .their .infants b. Decreased .risk .for .abuse .during .this .time c. Possible .unknown .pregnancy d. Possibility .of .drug .allergies .- .ANSWER- .c. .Possible .unknown .pregnancy Dysmenorrhea .is .one .of .the .most .common .gynecological .complaints .in .young .women. .The .first-line .of .drug .treatment .for .this .disorder .is: a. Oral .contraceptive .pills b. Caffeine c. NSAIDs d. Aspirin .- .ANSWER- .c. .NSAIDs A .medication .review .of .an .elderly .person's .medications .involves:
a. Asking .the .patient .to .bring .a .list .of .current .prescription .medications .to .the .visit. b. Having .the .patient .bring .all .their .prescription, .over-the-counter, .and .herbal .medications .to .the .visit. c. Asking .what .other .providers .are .writing .prescriptions .for .them. d. All .of .the .above. .- .ANSWER- .d. .All .of .the .above. ACE-Is .are .the .drug .of .choice .in .treating .HTN .in .diabetic .patient .because .they: a. improve .insulin .sensitivity b. improve .renal .hemodynamics c. reduce .the .production .of .angiotensin .II d. all .of .above .- .ANSWER- .d. .all .of .above The .NP .orders .a .thyroid .panel .for .a .patient .on .amiodarone. .The .patient .tells .the .NP .that .he .does .not .have .thyroid .disease .and .wants .to .know .why .the .test .has .been .ordered. .Which .is .the .correct .response? a. Amiodarone .inhibits .an .enzyme .that .is .important .in .making .thyroid .hormone .and .can .cause .hypothyroidism. b. Amiodarone .damages .the .thyroid .gland .and .can .result .in .inflammation .of .that .gland, .causing .hyperthyroidism
a. Weight b. BP c. HR d. Serum .glucose .- .ANSWER- .a. .Weight What .can .chest .x-rays .contribute .to .the .diagnosis .and .management .of .HF? a. They .have .no .role. b. They .can .give .very .precise .pictures .of .pulmonary .fluid .status. c. They .provide .an .idea .of .general .cardiac .size .and .pulmonary .great .vessel .distribution. d. They .can .confirm .the .diagnosis. .- .ANSWER- .c. .They .provide .an .idea .of .general .cardiac .size .and .pulmonary .great .vessel .distribution. Jamie .is .a .34-year-old .pregnant .woman .with .familial .hyperlipidemia .and .elevated .LDL .levels. .What .is .the .appropriate .treatment .for .a .pregnant .woman? a. A .statin b. Niacin c. Fibric .acid .derivative d. Bile .acid-binding .resins .- .ANSWER- .d. .Bile .acid-binding .resins .(same .thing .as .bile .acid .sequestrants)
Jose .is .a .12-year-old .overweight .child .with .a .total .cholesterol .of. 180 .mg/dL .and .LDL .of. 125 .mg/dL. .Along .with .diet .education .and .recommending .increased .physical .activity, .a .treatment .plan .for .Jose .would .include. with .a .reevaluation .in. 6 .months. a. Statins b. Niacin c. Sterols d. Bile .acid-binding .resins .- .ANSWER- .Sterols Which .antihypertensive .is .safe .to .use .in .pregnancy? a. ACE-Is b. BBs c. DRIs d. ARBs .- .ANSWER- .b. .BBs A .potentially .life-threatening .adverse .response .to .ACE-Is .is .angioedema. .Which .of .the .following .statements .true .about .this .adverse .response? a. Swelling .of .the .tongue .and .hoarseness .are .the .most .common .symptoms. b. It .appears .to .be .related .to .the .decrease .in .aldosterone .production. c. Presence .of .a .dry, .hacking .cough .indicates .a .high .risk .for .this .adverse .response.
c. drinking .it .with .orange .juice d. taking .it .with .H2 .blockers .or .PPIs .to .protect .stomach .- .ANSWER- .b. .sitting .erect .for .at .least. 30 .minutes .afterward Besides .osteoporosis, .IV .bisphosphonates .are .also .indicated .for: a. Paget's .Disease b. Early .osteopenia c. Renal .cancer d. Early .closure .of .cranial .sutures .- .ANSWER- .a. .Paget's .Disease Selective .estrogen .receptor .modifiers .(SERMs) .treat .osteoporosis .by .selectively: a. inhibiting .magnesium .resorption .in .the .kidneys b. increasing .calcium .absorption .from .the .GI .tract c. acting .on .the .bone .to .inhibit .osteoblast .activity d. acting .on .the .estrogen .receptors .in .the .bone .- .ANSWER- .d. .acting .on .the .estrogen .receptors .in .the .bone Whether .prescribing .an .antibiotic .for .a .child .with .acute .otitis .media .or .not, .the .parents .should .be .educated .about: a. using .decongestants .to .provide .faster .symptom .relief
b. providing .adequate .pain .relief .for .at .least .the .first. 24 .hours c. using .complementary .treatments .for .acute .otitis .media, .such .as .garlic .oil d. administering .an .antihistamine/decongestant .combination .(Dimetapp) .so .the .child .can .sleep .better .- .ANSWER- .b. .providing .adequate .pain .relief .for .at .least. 24 .hours First-line .therapy .for .a .patient .with .acute .otitis .externa .(swimmer's .ear) .and .an .intact .tympanic .membrane .includes: a. swim-ear .drops b. ciprofloxacin .and .hydrocortisone .drops c. amoxicillin d. gentamicin .ophthalmic .drops .- .ANSWER- .b. .ciprofloxacin .and .hydrocortisone .drops Treatment .for .sinusitis .in .an .adult .who .has .a .child .in .daycare .is: a. azithromycin. 500 .mg .a .day .for. 5 .days b. amoxicillin-clavulanate. 500 .mg .bid .for. 7 .days c. ciprofloxacin. 500 .mg .bid .for. 5 .days d. cephalexin. 500 .mg .qid .for. 5 .days .- .ANSWER- .b. .amoxicillin- .clavulanate. 500 .mg .bid .for. 5 .days A .stepwise .approach .to .the .pharmacologic .management .of .asthma:
Pregnant .patients .with .asthma .may .safely .use. throughout .their .pregnancy. a. oral .terbutaline b. prednisone c. inhaled .corticosteroids .(budesonide) d. montelukast .(Singular) .- .ANSWER- .c. .inhaled .corticosteroids .(budesonide) Cough .and .cold .medications .that .contain .a .sympathomimetic .decongestant .such .as .phenylephrine .should .be .used .cautiously .in .what .population: a. Older .adults b. Hypertensive .patients c. Infants d. All .of .the .above .- .ANSWER- .d. .All .of .the .above The .first-line .treatment .for .cough .related .to .an .upper .respiratory .tract .infection .(URI) .in .a .5-year-old .child .is: a. Guaifenesin .and .codeine .syrup .(Tussin .AC) b. Fluids .and .symptomatic .care c. Chlorpheniramine .and .dextromethorphan .syrup .(Nyquil .for .Kids)
d. Dextromethorphan .and .guaifenesin .syrup .(Robitussin .DM .for .Kids) .- .ANSWER- .b. .Fluids .and .symptomatic .care When .prescribing .montelukast .(Singulair) .for .asthma, .patients .or .parents .of .patients .should .be .instructed: a. Aggression, .anxiety, .depression, .and/or .suicidal .thoughts .may .occur .when .taking .montelukast b. Lethargy .and .hypersomnia .may .occur .when .taking .montelukast c. Patients .may .experience .weight .gain .on .montelukast d. Montelukast .twice .a .day .is .started .when .there .is .an .asthma .exacerbation. .- .ANSWER- .a. .Aggression, .anxiety, .depression, .and/or .suicidal .thoughts .may .occur .when .taking .montelukast The .first-line .drug .choice .for .a .previously .health .adult .patient .diagnosed .with .community .acquired .pneumonia .would .be: a. doxycycline b. ciprofloxacin c. azithromycin d. amoxicillin .- .ANSWER- .c. .azithromycin Nicotine .withdrawal .symptoms .include: a. decreased .appetite
three .drugs .approved .for .maintaining .abstinence .in .the .untied .states .- .ANSWER- .naltrexone, .acamprosate, .and .disulfiram Naltrexone .(Vivitrol) .- .ANSWER- .Pure .opioid .antagonist .that .suppresses .the .craving .and .pleasurable .effects .of .alcohol .(also .called .opioid .withdrawal) Instruct .clients .to .take .with .meals .to .decrease .GI .distress Acamprosate .- .ANSWER- .Decreases .unpleasant .effects .resulting .from .abstinence .like .dysphoria, .anxiety, .restlessness Dislfiram .(antabuse) .- .ANSWER- .helps .individuals .with .AUD .avoid .drinking .by .causing .unpleasant .effects .if .alcohol .is .ingested adverse .effects .of .Disulfiram .(antabuse) .- .ANSWER- .acetaldehyde .syndrome: .caused .by .use .of .alcohol .with .medication. .symptoms: .nausea, .vomiting, .palpitations, .headache, .chest .pain, .hypotension, .in .severe .form .can .be .life .threatening. .alcoholics .who .lack .the .determination .to .stop .drinking .shouldn't .receive .this .treatment. Ferosemide .(Lasix) .- .ANSWER- .Class: .Loop .Diuretic .Indications: .CHF, .pulmonary .edema Remarks: .Caution .in .pregnancy, .Adverse .effects: .hypokalemia
Hydrocholorothiazide .(Microzide) .- .ANSWER- .Class: .Thiazide .diuretic Indications: .hypertension; .edema .due .to .heart .failure/hepatic .disease/renal .disease Remarks: .must .have .adequate .kidney .function .(GFR .greater .than .15- .ml/min) Spironolactone .(Aldactone) .- .ANSWER- .class: .potassium .sparing .diuretics Indication: .potassium .loss, .hypertension, .edema, .CHF Action: .inhibits .sodium .reabsorption .while .sparing .potassium .and .hydrogen *Limited .diuretic .effect; .given .with .thiazide .and .loop .diuretics .to .counteract .potassium .loss ACE .inhibitors .- .ANSWER- ."PRIL" .Captopril, .Enalapril, .Afosiopril Antihypertensive. .Blocks .ACE .in .lungs .from .converting .angiotensin .I .to .angiotensin .II .(powerful .vasoconstrictor). .Decreases .BP, .Decreased .Aldosterone .secretions, .Sodium .and .fluid .loss. Check .BP .before .giving .(hypotension) *Orthostatic .Hypotension
Aliskiren .(Tekturna) .- .ANSWER- .Mechanism .of .Action: .Renin .inhibitor .Clinical .Uses: .HTN .secondary .to .renal .failure .or .diabetes. Adverse .effects: .dose .dependent .diarrhea .Notes: .do .not .use .in .pregnant .women Eplerenone .(Inspra) .- .ANSWER- .Class: .selective .aldosterone .receptor .blocker Use: .hypertension .and .heart .failure .Adverse .effect: .hyperkalemia calcium .channel .blocker .- .ANSWER- .Verapamil .(Calan, .Verlan), .Diltiazem .(Cardizem), .Felodipine, Isradipine Use: .angina .pectoris, .essential .HTN, .and .cardiac .dysrhythmias .(atrial .flutter, .atrial .fibrillation, .and .paroxysmal .supraventricular .tachycardia) Adverse .effects: .dizziness, .flushing, .headache, .edema .of .the .ankles .and .feet Nifedipine .(Procardia) .- .ANSWER- .Class: .calcium .channel .blocker .Use: .angina .pectoris .usually .combined .with .beta .blocker, .essential .HTN Adverse .effects: .flushing, .dizziness, .headache, .peripheral .edema, .chronic .eczematous .rash .in .older .patients Hydralazine .- .ANSWER- .causes .dilation .of .arterioles
use: .lower .blood .pressure .with .beta .blockers, .reduce .afterload .in .patient .with .heart .failure adverse .effect: .reflex .tachycardia, .increased .blood .volume, .acute .rheumatoid .syndrome Minoxidil .- .ANSWER- .reserved .for .patients .with .severe .HTN. .Use: .severe .HTN Adverse .effects: .reflex .tachycardia, .sodium .and .water .retention, .hypertrichosis .(excessive .growth .of .hair) diagnosis .of .HTN .- .ANSWER- .BP .of .>130 .systolic .or .>80 .diastolic .at .two .office .visits diagnostic .tests .for .HTN .- .ANSWER- .electrocardiogram, .urinalysis, .hemoglobin, .hematocrit, .uric .acid, .triglycerides, .and .cholesterol drugs .for .treatment .of .heart .failure .- .ANSWER- .diuretics, .inhibitors .of .the .RAAS .(ACE, .ARB, .Direct .Renin .Inhibitor), .beta .blockers, .and .digoxin ACEIs .in .heart .failure .- .ANSWER- .can .improve .functional .status .and .prolong .life BiDil .- .ANSWER- .isosorbide .dinitrate/hydralazine .to .treat .HF .in .African .Americans
