Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501
Walden University
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate
his continued muscle performance? -
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? -
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following? -
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? -
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? -
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? -
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its
ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene -
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? -
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: -
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: -
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from
cell injury.
