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Chemistry Reference Tables
Name Value
Avogadro’s number 6.022 × 1023 particles/mole
Gas constant ( R )
0.0821 L atm mole K 62.4 L mmHg mole K 8.314 L kPa mole K
Standard pressure 1.00 atm = 101.3 kPa =
- mmHg = 760. torr
Standard temperature 0 C or 273K°
Volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP 22.4 L
Thermodynamic Constants Symbol Value
Heat of fusion of water H^ f (water)^ 334 J/g
Heat of vaporization of water Hv^ (water)^ 2,260 J/g
Specific heat of water Cp^ (water)
2.05 J^ for ice, 2.02 J for steam, g°C g°C 4.18 J for liquid g°C
Metal Specific Heat^
J
g°C
Density (g/cm^3 ) Melting Point (°C)
Aluminum 0.897 2.702 660
Copper 0.385 8.92 1083
Gold 0.129 19.31 1064
Iron 0.449 7.86 1535
Lead 0.129 11.3437 328
Magnesium 1.023 1.74 649
Mercury 0.140 13.5939 —
Nickel 0.444 8.90 1455
Titanium 0.523 4.5 1660
Zinc 0.388 7.14 420
Organic Substances
Name Density Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C)
Ethanol (CH CH OH) 3 2 0.7893 g/cm (^3) − 119 79
Glucose (C H O ) 6 12 6 1.54 g/cm 3 86 Decompose
Hexane (C H 6 14 ) 0.6603 g/cm 3 − 95 69
Methane (CH ) 4 0.716 g/L (^) − 182 − 164
Methanol (CH OH) 3 0.7914 g/cm (^3) − 94 65
Sucrose (C H 12 22 O 11 ) 1.27 g/cm (^386) Decompose
Inorganic Substances
Name * Density @ STP Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C)
Chlorine 3.21 g/L − 101 − 35
Hydrogen 0.0899 g/L − 259 − 253
Hydrogen chloride 1.640 g/L (^) − 115 − 85
Hydrogen sulfide 1.54 g/L (^) − 85 − 61
Nitrogen 1.25 g/L − 210 − 196
Nitrogen monoxide 1.34 g/L (^) − 164 − 152
Oxygen 1.43 g/L (^) − 218 − 183
Sodium carbonate 2.532 g/cm^3 851 Decomposes
Sodium chloride 2.165 g/cm^3 801
Sulfur dioxide 2.92 g/L − (^73) − 10
- Water (at 4°C) 1.00 g/cm^3 0
Ba Barium
Cs Cesium
La Lanthanum
Hf Hafnium
Ta Tantalum
W
Tungsten
Re Rhenium
Os Osmium
Ir Iridium
88 Ra Radium (226)
Fr Francium (223)
Ac Actinium (227)
Rf Rutherfordium (261)
Db Dubnium (262)
Sg Seaborgium (263)
Bh Bohrium (264)
Hs Hassium (269)
Mt Meitnerium (268)
Rb Rubidium
Rh Rhodium
Ru Ruthenium
Tc Technetium (98)
Mo Molybdenum
Nb Niobium
Zr Zirconium
Y
Yttrium
Sr Strontium
Ca Calcium
K
Potassium
Sc Scandium
Ti Titanium
V
Vanadium
Cr Chromium
Mn Manganese
Fe Iron
Co Cobalt
Mg Magnesium
Na Sodium
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIIIB
VIIIB
IIIB
Be Beryllium
Li Lithium
H
Hydrogen
IIA
IA
Pa Protactinium
Th Thorium
U
Uranium
Np Neptunium (237)
Pu Plutonium (244)
Am Americium (243)
Cm Curium (247)
Pr Praseodymium
Ce Cerium
Nd Neodymium
Pm Promethium (145)
Sm Samarium
Eu Europium
Gd Gadolinium
PERIODIC TABLE
Pt Platinum
Au Gold
Hg Mercury
Tl Thallium
Pb Lead
Bi Bismuth
Po Polonium (209)
At Astatine (210)
Rn Radon (222)
110 Ds Darmstadtium (271)
Rg Roentgenium (272)
Uub Ununbium (277)
Cd Cadmium
Ag Silver
Pd Palladium
Xe Xenon
I
Iodine
Te Tellurium
Sb Antimony
Sn Tin
In Indium
Ni Nickel
Cu Copper
Zn Zinc
Ga Gallium
Ge Germanium
As Arsenic
Se Selenium
Br Bromine
Kr Krypton
Ar Argon
Cl Chlorine
S
Sulfur
P
Phosphorus
Si Silicon
Al Aluminum
VIIIB
IB
IIB
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne Neon
He Helium
VIIA
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIIA
Bk Berkelium (247)
Cf Californium (251)
Es Einsteinium (252)
Fm Fermium (257)
Md Mendelevium (258)
No Nobelium (254)
Lr Lawrencium (262)
Tb Terbium
Dy Dysprosium
Ho Holmium
Er Erbium
Tm Thulium
Yb Ytterbium
Lu Lutetium
OF THE ELEMENTS
ACTIVITY SERIES of Halogens:
F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2
ACTIVITY SERIES of Metals
Li Rb K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb [ H ] 2
Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
Polyatomic Ions
NH 4 Ammonium BrO 3 − (^) Bromate
CN−^ Cyanide C H O 2 3 2 −
(CH COO ) 3 − Acetate
ClO 4 − (^) Perchlorate
ClO 3 − (^) Chlorate
ClO 2 − (^) Chlorite
ClO−^ Hypochlorite IO 3 − (^) Iodate
MnO 4 − (^) Permanganate
NO 3 − (^) Nitrate
NO 2 − (^) Nitrite
OH−^ Hydroxide HCO 3 − Hydrogen carbonate HSO 4 − (^) Hydrogen sulfate
SCN−^ Thiocyanate 2 CO 3 − (^) Carbonate 2 Cr O 2 7 − Dichromate 2 CrO 4 − (^) Chromate 2 SO (^4) − Sulfate 2 SO 3 − (^) Sulfite 3 PO 4 − Phosphate React with oxygen to form oxides
Replace hydrogen from acids
Replace hydrogen from steam
Replace hydrogen from cold water
NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1) Stock No. 10569 Page 8
(measurement in nanometers)
Electromagnetic Spectrum
(measurement in meters)
Longer Wavelength Shorter Wavelength
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared Ultraviolet
104 103 102 101 100 10 —1^10 —2 10 —3 10 —4 10 —5 10 —6 10 —7 10 —8 10 —9 10 —10 10 —11 10 —
Gamma rays
X rays
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet
Visible Light
7.0× 10 —7 6.5× 10 —7 5.9× 10 —7 5.7× 10 —7 4.9× 10 —7 4.2× 10 —7 4.0× 10 —
n = 2
n = 3
n = 4
n = 5
n = 6
n = 1
IR Visible UV
Bohr Model for Hydrogen Atom
UV = Ultraviolet IR = Infrared
