Additional Materials - Human Resource - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Resource Management

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chapter 4

Paradigms

(additional materials)

Beginnings – Computing in 1945

• Harvard Mark I
  • Picture from http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv/indexmark.htm
• 55 feet long, 8 feet high, 5 tons

Batch Processing

• Computer had one task, performed sequentially
• No “interaction” between operator and computer after starting the run
• Punch cards, tapes for input
• Serial operations

People

• Who are the people associated with

various interactive paradigm shifts?

Innovator: Vannevar Bush

• “As We May Think” - 1945 Atlantic Monthly
  • “…publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record.”
• Postulated Memex device
  • Stores all records/articles/communications
  • Items retrieved by indexing, keywords, cross references (now called hyperlinks)
  • (Envisioned as microfilm, not computer)
• Interactive and nonlinear components are key

More About Vannevar Bush

• Name rhymes with "Beaver"
• Faculty member MIT
• Coordinated WWII effort with

6000 US scientists

• Social contract for science
  • federal government funds universities
  • universities do basic research
  • research helps economy & national defense

Innovator: Ivan Sutherland

• SketchPad - 1963 PhD thesis at MIT
  • Hierarchy - pictures & subpictures
  • Master picture with instances (ie, OOP)
  • Constraints
  • Icons
  • Copying
  • Light pen input device
  • Recursive operations

Innovator: Douglas Englebart

• Landmark system/demo:
  • hierarchical hypertext, multimedia, mouse, high-res display, windows, shared files, electronic messaging, CSCW, teleconferencing, ...

Inventor of mouse

Innovator: Alan Kay

• Dynabook - Notebook sized computer loaded with multimedia and can store everything
• @PARC
• Personal computing
• Desktop interface
• Overlapping windows

Innovator: Ben Shneiderman

• Coins and explores notion of direct

manipulation of interface

• Long-time Director of

HCI Lab at Maryland

Innovator: Nicholas Negroponte

• MIT Architecture Machine Group
  • ’69-’80s - prior to Media Lab
• Ideas
  • wall-sized displays, video disks, AI in interfaces (agents), speech recognition, multimedia with hypertext
  • Put That There (Video)

Innovator: Mark Weiser

• Introduced notion of Ubiquitous

Computing and Calm Technology

• It’s everywhere, but recedes quietly into background
• CTO of Xerox PARC