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An overview of acids and bases, distinguishing between strong and weak acids and bases. It explains how strong acids completely ionize in water, while weak acids only slightly dissociate. The document also covers the role of acid dissociation constants (ka) in determining the strength of an acid.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
(^) Strong acids completely ionize (100%) in aqueous solutions. HCl( g ) + H 2 O( l ) H 3 O+( aq ) + Cl−( aq ) (^) Weak acids dissociate only slightly in water to form a solution of mostly molecules and a few ions. H 2 CO 3 ( aq ) + H 2 O( l ) H 3 O+( aq ) + HCO 3 −( aq )
Weak acids dissolved in water (^) have only a few molecules dissociated (^) remain mostly as the undissociated (molecular) form (^) have low concentrations of H 3 O+^ and anion (A–) HA( aq ) + H 2 O( l ) H 3
( aq ) + A − ( aq )
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In solution, (^) HCl, a strong acid , dissociates 100% (^) acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), a weak acid , is mostly molecules and only a few ions General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Weak acids (^) make up most of the acids (^) have strong conjugate bases
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Strong bases (^) are formed from metals of Groups 1A(1) and 2A(2) (^) include LiOH, NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH) 2 (^) dissociate completely in water KOH( s ) K+( aq ) + OH−( aq ) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Identify each of the following as a strong or weak acid or base. A. HBr B. HNO 2 C. NaOH D. H 2 SO 4 E. Cu(OH) 2
Identify each of the following as a strong or weak acid or base. A. HBr strong acid B. HNO 2 weak acid C. NaOH strong base D. H 2 SO 4 strong acid E. Cu(OH) 2 weak base
Identify the stronger acid in each pair: A. HNO 2 B. HBr C. H 3 O+
a (^) In a weak acid, the rate of the dissociation of the acid is equal to the rate of the association. HA + H 2 O H 3 O+^ + A– (^) The equilibrium expression is: K eq = [H 3 O+][A–] [HA][H 2 O] (^) Because the concentration of H 2 O is constant, the^ K a expression for a weak acid is: K a = [H 3 O+][A–] [HA]
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a values for some weak acids are shown in Table 10.4. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
a
Write the K a for H 2 S.