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ACCOUNTING 102 CHAPTER 4, CH 2, CHAPTER 2, ACCOUNTING TEST 2, ACCT TEST 2, ACCOUNTING CHAPTER QUIZZES 11,12,13, QUIZ 3 ACCOUNTING EXAM 2, ACCT CHAP 4, ACCOUNTING 102 CHAPTER 1, ACCOUNTING 102 CHAPTER 2, ACCOUNTING 102 CHAPTER 3 (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 10)
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allocation"
period cost from sales."
indirect cost can be fixed but it cannot be variable" "Logan Corporation has 30 employees, 20 in Department A and 10 in Department B. Logan incurred $180,000 in fringe benefits costs last year. How much in fringe benefit costs should be allocated to
"Which of the following would be classified as an indirect cost in a department store? Assume the cost
"Saylind Molding paid $280,000 in rent for the year. The company's three departments are headrests, armrests, and air ducts. The departments occupy 5,000, 6,300, and 2,700 square feet, respectively. How
"Employees of DTI, Inc., worked 1,600 direct labor hours in January and 1,000 direct labor hours in February. DTI expects to use 18,000 direct labor hours during the year, and expects to incur $22,500 of workers compensation insurance cost for the year. The cash payment for this cost will be paid in April.
"Which of the following is the most logical cost driver for allocating the telephone bill among four
"Handy Hiking produces backpacks. In 2005, its highest and lowest production levels occurred in July and January, respectively. In July, it produced 4,000 backpacks at a total cost of $110,000. In January, it produced 2,500 backpacks at a total cost of $87,500. Using the high/low method, the total estimated
Computed at the high point: Total cost − Variable cost = Fixed cost $110,000 − (4,000 units × $15) = $50,000" "Alpha Company is selecting a cost driver to use in allocating utilities costs to its departments. The best
is one for which information is readily available. seems acceptable and reasonable to the managers of the departments. All of the above" "Which of the following best identifies the decision-making relationship between cost drivers, cost
accumulated cost to cost objects"
"The Human Resources department costs total $162,800. The Human Resources department is responsible for recruiting, hiring and managing benefits. Which of the following cost drivers would be
part time employees" "Using the direct method to allocate the Human Resources' department and cleaning department costs,
"The department A supervisor wants to allocate the Human Resources' costs using Full-Time employees and The department D supervisor wants to allocate the Human Resources' costs using the total number
smallest allocated cost" "Human Resources' costs are allocated based upon total number of employees, administration costs are allocated based upon number of units sold, utilities costs are allocated based upon square feet and supplies are allocated based upon number of hours. Using the direct method, what are the total costs
"HCL Chemicals produces two chemicals, HC &HL. Certain ingredients are shared by both products these are combined at the beginning of production. A batch of 100 gallons of pre-mix is split - 40 gallons to the
Since total depreciation charge does not change in relation to the number of customers that buy food at a particular stand, it is a fixed cost." "At a production and sales level of 3,000 units, Bastion Company incurred $60,000 of fixed cost and $36,000 of variable cost. When 4,000 units of product are produced and sold the company's cost per
"Use the following data to answer the next two questions: Factory overhead is estimated to be $40,000 and is applied based on direct labor dollars. This overhead cost is not traceable to any particular product.
materials remains constant regardless of the number of units produced, it is a variable cost. Also, when volume increases total variable cost increases. Since the total labor cost does not increase in proportion to the increase in number of units produced it is a mixed cost." "Fran Company is currently operating profitably. The company has a fixed cost structure. Based on this
profitability will increase by more than 20%. Since total fixed costs do not change as volume increases, they act as a lever that causes small changes in revenue to have disproportionate effects on net income. A small percentage increase in revenue will cause a larger percentage increase in net income. A small percentage decrease in revenue will cause a larger percentage decrease net income. This phenomenon is called operating leverage. Since Fran Company has a fixed cost structure, it has operating leverage and a 20% percentage increase revenue results in a greater than 20% percentage increase in net income."
cannot benefit from operating leverage Operating leverage is the result of fixed cost behavior. It can have negative consequences as well as positive. It is not affected by variable cost." "Tutor, Inc. (TI) provides instructional services to its customers. TI charges $200 per student. The Company expects to serve 500 students during the coming year. All of the Company's expenses are fixed. Total annual fixed cost are projected to be $60,000. If the estimated number of students increase
Note that operating leverage magnifies the impact that changes in volume have on revenue and net income. In this case, a 10% increase in units sold results in a 25% increase in net income. Supporting computations are shown below." "Tutor, Inc. (TI) provides instructional services to its customers. TI charges $200 per student. The Company expects to serve 500 students during the coming year. All of the Company's expenses are fixed. Total annual fixed cost are projected to be $60,000. If the estimated number of students
Note that operating leverage magnifies the impact of decreases as well as increases in volume. In this case, a 10% decrease in units sold results in a 25% decrease in net income. Supporting computations are shown below." "Elegant Dogs and Dazzling Dogs are competing canine grooming salons. Each company currently serves 4,500 customers per year. Both companies charge $35 to groom a dog. Elegant Dogs pays its dog groomers fixed salaries. Salary expense totals $45,000 per year. Dazzling Dogs pays its groomers $10 per dog groomed. Elegant Dogs lures 2,000 customers from Dazzling Dogs by lowering its grooming price to
Dogs' profits will decrease by more than Elegant Dogs' profits will increase. Elegant Dogs: Before: Rev= (450035)= 157500 Cost= (45000) Contrib to profit = 112500 After: Rev= 650025= Cost = (45000) Contrib to profit = 117500 Dazzling Dogs: Before: Rev= (450035)= 157500 Cost= (450010)=(45000) Contrib to profit = 112500 After: Rev= 250035= Cost = 250010=(45000) Contrib to profit = 62500 As shown above Elegant Dogs is able to increase its profitability by drawing customers away from Dazzling Dogs. Since Elegant Dogs has a fixed cost structure, revenue increases while costs remain constant. Therefore, net income increases disproportionately. In contrast because Dazzling Dogs has a
When the number of units sold changes, revenue and variable costs change proportionately. As a result, when the number of units sold increases, a variable cost structure produces a proportionate percentage change in revenue and net income. In contrast, when cost are fixed and the number of units sold increases, revenue increases but costs do not. As a result, a percentage change in number of units sold provides a disproportionate percentage change in net income. Fixed cost enable operating leverage. The period versus product costs classification issue is not directly related to operating leverage."
Operating leverage causes a disproportionate change in net income relative to a change in revenue. More specifically, a small percentage decrease in revenue will cause a larger percentage decrease in net income. A small percentage increase in revenue will cause a larger percentage change in net income. The higher the level of operating leverage, the more dramatic effect. So companies with high operating leverage can produce a dramatic change in net income from a relatively small change in revenue. This leveraged effect results in more opportunity to increase profitability. However, a small decrease in revenue can produce a dramatic decrease in net income. As a result, highly leveraged companies have more opportunity and greater risk than companies that a have lower operating leverage."
"The following information was drawn from the records of Calico Company. Based on this information
Revenue - Variable Cost = Contribution Margin $150,000 − $75,000 − $5,000 = $70, Magnitude of Operating Leverage: Contribution Margin ÷ Net Income $70,000 ÷ $61,000 = 1.15 times." "At a sales level of $270,000, the magnitude of operating leverage for Donuts Unlimited is 2.8. If number
%Increase in Net Income = %Increase in Revenue × Magnitude of Operating Leverage %Increase in Net Income = 15% × 2.8 = 42%" "Omega Company has sales of $300,000 and cost of goods sold of $200,000. The cost of goods sold is a variable cost. The Company incurred $20,000 of fixed operating expenses and $40,000 of variable
Magnitude of Operating Leverage: Contribution Margin ÷ Net Income: $60,000 ÷ $40,000 = 1.5 times % Increase in Net Income = % Increase in Revenue × Magnitude of Operating Leverage % Increase in Net Income = 10% × 1.5 = 15%" "Handy Hiking produces backpacks. In the previous year, its highest and lowest production levels occurred in July and January, respectively. In July, it produced 4,000 backpacks at a total cost of $110,000. In January, it produced 2,500 backpacks at a total cost of $87,500. Using the high/low
Variable cost per unit = Change in total cost ÷ Change in total volume Variable cost per unit = (110,000 − 87,500) ÷ (4,000 − 2,500) = $15" "The Human Resources' costs total $162,800. What is the amount of Human Resources' costs allocated
"HCL Chemicals produces three products: HC, HL & CL. The raw materials cost equal $30,000 and processing cost total $24,000. At the split-off point, 1,500 gallons of HC is produced and sells for $20,000. 4,000 gallons of HL and 500 gallons of CL are also produced but cannot be sold without further processing. Additional processing will cost $9,000. The HL is for $60,000, and the CL is sold for
analysis may rely on visual judgment to draw a line that follows a linear path through the plotted points in a data set. Scatter graph analysis may be used to assess the accuracy of the high/low method of estimating fixed and variable costs. Scatter graph analysis may be used in conjunction with the high/low method, and regression analysis as means of estimating variable and fixed costs." "Para Company developed a data set that contained a measure of total cost at various levels of activity. Para then used regression analysis to determine the intercept an slope of a line running through the data set. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true regarding the estimates
and the slope represents the variable cost per unit."
all false:
-Sales revenue (2,500 units × $40 per unit) $ 100, -Cost of goods sold (variable; 2,500 units × $16 per unit) (40,000) -Cost of goods sold (fixed) (8,000) -Gross margin 52, -Administrative salaries (12,000) -Depreciation (8,000) -Supplies (2,500 units × $4 per unit) (10,000) -Net income $ 22,
Revenues − Variable expenses Contribution margin = $100,000 − ($40,000 + $10,000) = $50, $50,000" "The following income statement is provided for Vargas, Inc. -Sales revenue (1,500 units × $19.00 per unit) $ 28, -Cost of goods sold (variable; 1,500 units × $9.00 per unit) (13,500) -Cost of goods sold (fixed) (3,000) -Gross margin 12, -Administrative salaries (5,000) -Depreciation (4,000) -Supplies (1,500 units × $1.00 per unit) (1,500) -Net income $ 1,
Contribution margin = $28,500 − ($13,500 + $1,500) = $13, Magnitude of operating leverage = Contribution margin ÷ Net income Magnitude of operating leverage = $13,500 ÷ $1,500 = 9. 9.00" "Yankee Tours provide seven-day guided tours along the New England coast. The company pays its guides a total of $194,400 per year. The average cost of supplies, lodging, and food per customer is $540. The company expects a total of 900 customers during the period January through June, and a total of 2,700 customers from July through December. Yankee wants to earn $240 income per customer. For promotional reasons the company desires to charge the same price throughout the year. Based on this
Total costs for the year = [(900 customers + 2,700 customers) × $540 per customer] + $194,400 = 3, customers × $540 per customer + $194,400 = $2,138, Average costs per customer = $2,138,400 ÷ 3,600 customers = $ Net income per customer = Price per customer − Average cost per customer $240 per customer = Price per customer − $594 per customer Price per customer = $240 per customer + $594 per customer = $834 per customer $834" "Which characteristic is true of the high-low method, the scattergraph method, and regression analysis?
- Correct Answer All methods use historic data to estimate variable and fixed costs." "Production during the current year for California Manufacturing, a producer of high security bank vaults, was at its highest point in the month of June when 80 units were produced at a total cost of $800,000. The lowest point in production was in January when only 20 units were produced at a cost of $440,000. The company is preparing a budget for the current year and needs to project expected fixed
Variable cost per unit = ($800,000 − $440,000) ÷ (80 units − 20 units) = $6,000 per unit Total cost = Variable cost + Fixed cost Fixed cost = Total cost − Variable cost Fixed cost = $800,000 − (80 units × $6,000 per unit) = $320, $320,000" "Which of the following statements concerning cost estimation models is incorrect? A. Cost estimation models are not typically considered valid for activity levels that fall outside of the relevant range of operations. B. The managerial judgment method of determining cost behavior requires extensive knowledge of the company's operations. C. The equation derived using the high low method considers the lowest and highest values for the independent variable. D. Regression analysis is the least accurate method used to develop cost estimation models. Yorrect.E.uranswer is co
"If the data points fall in a pattern that closely resembles a line, there is a ________ correlation between
"If the data points fall in a pattern that does not costly resemble a line, there is a ______ correlation
"Once a strong correlation is established between the costs and the cost driver and outliers have been
behavior formula" "A lin is visually placed on the data points. Once the line is placed, the _______ and _______ are
subjunctive" "the high low method is more ________ than the first tow methods but since it only uses two data
"a statistical procedure used to determine the cost behavior formula - the most accurate and objective
technology"
coefficient, R-squared value"
date and should not be used to predict the costs"
and should be used to predict the costs"
customers, and suppliers "to the table" that isn't "known" by a computer"
not just anyone should use ( should be someone with an interactive working knowledge of company)"
between x and y AND shows if a potential outlier)"
vary)"
developed based on rules)"
be an outlier (why it would be important to graph the data points first before running the high low method)"
(R-squared) tells us if a linear relationship exists between x and y and if potential outlier exists"
could be part of the data set (why it is important to look at R-squared)"
"he relevant range is defined as the range of activity over which a cost behavior formula is considered valid. True/
unit" "Once all fixed costs are covered, additional unit sales will increase operating income by an amount
operating income" "tells mangers the amount from each sales dollar the is available to cover fixed costs and provide
operating income"
"The sales volume at which al costs are completely covered an operating income greater than $0 is
income statement approach, the unit approach, and the CM ratio approach" "based on the contribution margin income statement format: (sales price x number of units)- (unit VC x
target profit, plug in the "knowns" and solve for the "unknowns"" "This shortcut approach is derived using the contribution margin income statement but isolates number
target profit, plug in the "knowns" and solver for the "unknowns"" "This shortcut approach is also derived using the contribution margin income statement but isolates
"CVP analysis helps to address "what if" questions, such as "what if we change the sales price?", what if
sensitivity analysis" "If the sales price decreases,
"If either thee sales pice increases, the variable cost per unit decreases, or the total fixed costs decrease,
"the relative proportion of products sold by a company and is determined by the market-- companies
sales mix" "We will use the unit approach to perform CVP analysis for a multi product company. To perform this
company
operating leverage" "for companies with high operating leverage, changes in _________ significantly affect operating income
economic times; however, they have a lot to gain in good economic times"
operating leverage" "for companies with low operating leverage, changes in sales volume ____ significantly affect operating
"CVP analysis relies on our knowledge of cost function to express relationships among costs, sales
"Which of the following statements is true regarding the indifference point calculation? A. If sales volume is expected to be higher than the indifferent point, management should choose the cost structure with higher fixed costs. B. If sales volume is expected to be higher than the indifferent point, management should choose the cost
company's operating results."
knowledge that all current decisions ultimately affect the company's long term operations and market position" "When making decisions mangers should focus on ________ - this is info that pertains to the future and
employee morale?" and "How will this decision affect the company's relationship with existing customers?"" "managers use an _________ to make short term decisions - this approach analyzes variable costs and
they give up regular sales
capacity"
reduced sales price, any change in the unit variable cost, and any change in the fixed costs"
the company's target profit?
"If a company is in a highly competitive market and is not recognized brand name, it does not control
"If a company has fe competitors and is recognized brand name, it has control over the price charged to
segment provide a positive contribution margin?