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An introduction to federalism in india, discussing the constitutional distribution of powers between the national and state governments. It explores the concepts of cooperative and competitive federalism, their implications for the relationship between the union and state governments, and the role of niti aayog in promoting comparative and competitive federalism. The document also highlights the steps towards and hindrances for competitive federalism, and offers suggestions for the way forward.
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Topic: Cooperative and Competitive Federalism in India
Chapter 1: Introduction:
The term ‘federalism’ refers to the constitutionally allocated distribution of powers between two or more levels of government in the modern nation-state system, one, at the national level and the other, at the provincial, state or local level. The most salient aspect of a federal form of government is that the governments at both the national and the state level function in their respective jurisdictions with considerable independence from one another. Some of the notable federal polities in the world are the United States (US), Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India.
India is a quasi-federal polity. The Indian Constitution laid down a political system which is federal in nature i.e., there are two tiers of government: at the national level, and the state level. However, the Indian Constitution has structurally made the Union government more powerful than the states.
Chapter 2: Cooperative Federalism in India:
In Cooperative federalism the Centre and states share a horizontal relationship, where they cooperate in the larger public interest. It is an important tool to enable states’ participation in the formulation and implementation of national policies. Union and the states are constitutionally obliged to cooperate with each other on the matters specified in Schedule VII of the constitution.
Chapter 3: Competitive Federalism:
In Competitive federalism the relationship between the Central and state governments is vertical and between state governments is horizontal. This idea of Competitive federalism gained significance in India post 1990s economic reforms. In a free-market economy, the endowments of states, available resource base and their comparative advantages all foster a spirit of competition. Increasing globalisation, however, increased the existing inequalities and imbalances between states. In Competitive federalism States need to compete among themselves and also with the Centre for benefits.
3.1 Steps towards competitive federalism
3.2 Hindrances for competitive federalism
Chapter 4: Role of NITI Aayog in promoting Comparative and Competitive Federalism
Chapter 5: Way forward