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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry Advanced
Certification Examination
ABOAC Advanced ABO Certification
Examination
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ABOAC Advanced ABO Certification Exam
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ABO American Board of Opticianry
ABOAC Advanced ABO Certification
Examination
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1. Different refractive powers in each eye, different signs.: Antimetropia 2. What are the causes of missing or weak antigens?: 1) _Weak subgroup of A or B
- Loss of transferase in acute leukemia
- Massive transfusion of Group O blood
- Bone marrow transplant 6._ How are missing or weak antigens resolved?: 1) _Incubate front type at RT for 15 minutes
- Use Anti-A,B
- Look at transfusion history or history of BM transplant
- Perform specialized test like an adsorption, elution, or secretor studies 10._ What are causes of missing or weak antibodies?: 1) Old age 11.Immunocompromised 12.BM transplant 13.Chemotherapy or radiation therapy 14.Newborn Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔 Ctrl + Click Here To 📑 ORDER NOW 📑 Follow Link 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔 🎓 TO GET INSTANT EXPERT HELP 🎓 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔
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29. pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation: PERRLA 30. the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. Can change between 2- 9mm: pupil 31. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening: Iris 32. the lens inside the eye that enables the changing of focus. 13 diopters. Avascular: Crystalline Lens 33. Nourishes the retina, part of the vascular tunic: choroid 34. Pupils constrict and converge, ciliary muscles contract and move the crystalline lens, focusing up close: accommodation 35. ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. Focuses the crystalline lens: ciliary body 36. How are missing or weak antibodies resolved?: 1) _Adding up to 4 drops of serum 37.Incubate sample longer at RT
- Test samples at cold temperatures 39.Limited serum, start with a dry cell button for A1 and B cells 40._ What are some causes of extra antigens?: 1) Acquired B 41.B subgroup 42.Cold agglutinins 43. How can we resolve extra antigens?: 1) Use different _manufacturer monoclonal reagent for Anti-A or Anti-B
- Warm wash patient's cells with warm saline 3 times 45._ Warm wash for patient red blood cells: - 2 to 3 drops of patient RBCs and place in the test tube _a. Add warm saline to the test tube
- -Remove saline and repeat two more times
- -Prepare a 3-5% cell suspension
- -Retest front type 49._ What are some causes of extra antibodies?: 1) Subgroups Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
🤔Hit Me UP__ Inbox Open 24/7 – 365 …...!!!! 🤔 Chat with us here: 🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com of A 50.Cold alloantibodies 51.Cold autoantibody (anti-I or anti-IH) 52.Rouleaux
53. Transfusion of varied ABO plasma 54. How are extra antibodies resolved?: 1) Test patient patient _plasma with anti-A1 lectin and A2 cells 55.AB screen and panel 56.Saline replacement
- Verify transfusion history 58._ What does it indicate if saline replacement does not resolve an unexpected cold autoantibody?: It is not rouleaux. 59. What is the result of the screen, panel, and autocontrol for unexpected cold autoantibodies?: All cells are positive. 60. What should be performed to further investigate an unexpected cold au- toantibody?: Perform a cold mini panel. 61. What method can resolve an unexpected cold autoantibody?: Pre-warm method. 62. RESt adsorbed plasma cannot be used for ABO typing because: the ABO antigens are adsorbed 63. Amount of light transmitted by G15 tint.: 15% 64. How much feet in width will be seen at 1000yards (Or 20 feet, optical infinity): Field of View (FOV) 65. Split prism the same amount in each eye, leave the prescribed eye the same direction, change the other eye so the prism compounds.: Splitting Prism (for lens thinning) 66. A lens where factors such as curves, thickness anddesign elements are manipulated to optimize Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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84. : Auto-Refractor 85. Measurement of the curves of the cornea, provides "k-readings": Kerato- mentry 86. test for color blindness: Ishihara test 87. blind or partially blind areas in the visual field: Scotomas 88. an examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to assess binocular vision. one eye at a time is covered while the patient focuses on an object across the room.: cover test 89. placed into the eyes to produce temporary paralysis, forcing the pupils to remain dilated even in the presence of bright light: mydriatic drops 90. Medication that causes the pupil to constrict: Miotics 91. Bouncing a light off of the retina to determine refractive errors. "Red reflex".: retinoscopy 92. Patient is seated at 20 feet, shown different lens options to improve acu- ity.: Subjective refraction 93. Superior tarsal muscle, gives lid tension, contracts when awake, droops when asleep.: Mueller's muscle 94. Protects eye from rain and sweat. Controlled by the frontalis muscle: Eye- brow 95.Difference in plus power between the reading and distance in a multifocal- 96. : Additior 97. oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye. 40-50 top lid 20-30 bottom.: meibomian glands 98. gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears.: lacrimal gland 99. Thinnest edge of a prism: Apex 100. absence of the lens of the eye: aphakia 101. Not spherical; a lens surface having a number Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
🤔Hit Me UP__ Inbox Open 24/7 – 365 …...!!!! 🤔 Chat with us here: 🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com of curves with different radii.: Aspheric
102. Thickest part of a prism, light deviates towards this.: Base (prism) 103. the property of a lens whereby light of different colors is focused at different places, rainbow effect outside of optical center: chromatic aberration 104. angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet: Canthus 105. constant malalignment of the eyes: - tropia 106. clouding of the lens that is present at birth: congenital cataracts 107. Distance between optical center placement of a lens and it's geometric center: Decentration 108. Scattering of light: Diffusion 109. occur when eye is exposed to excessive l: reflex tears 110. most common; they smooth out the irregularities of the cornea, allowing for vision as we know it. Made by meibomian, goblet cells, and Krause gland. "Productive" tears.: basal tears 111. outermost layer of the tear film. Slows evaporation. Secreted by the mei- bomian glands.: lipid layer 112. Secreted by the lacrimal glands, provides nutrition, oxygen and hydration to the corneal surface. 2nd tear layer.: aqueous layer 113. Third tear layer, stabilizes tear film, creates a hydrophilic surface.: mucin layer 114. smallest lens blank that can be used for a prescription lens in specific frame. depends on ED of frame: Minimum blank size 115. Plus power; two prisons base to base so if they're in the middle. magnifies images so it shortens the focal length enabling an image to land on the retina: Convergent lenses 116. Portion of the lens where the prisms meet.: Oc or Major Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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136. Synonym: power error.: Curvature of field
- as light rays are emitted from a source, they diverge; as they spread divergence gradually decreases.
- optical infinity is where where light rays go parallel (@~20ft)
- --describes the relative degree of parallel rays of light as they enter the human eye that will not require any significant level of accommodation and also be limited to a practical distance for examination 140. usually 20 ft or 6 meters: Optical infinity 141. Lens, face down on a surface;this is the measurement of where it touches the surface and the back of the lens.: Sagital Depth 142. Index of refraction of polycarbonate: 1. 143. Total Decentration = frame pd- patientsl's binocular pd.: Decentration 144. (f x Cmm) /10. Power of the lensxl X distance moved divided by ten: Prism Formula 145. 90 degrees away equals 100% power, weakens the closer it gets.: Effective Cylinder power 146. D=1/f or f=1/d: focal length 147. 1 inch in millimeters: 25.
- From the doctor to the optician. Includes Rx, medications, visual therapy.- 149. : Plan 150. Diagnosis provided by the doctor: Assessment 151. Superior Tarsal muscle, gives lid tension, contracts when awake, droops when sleepy: Mueller's Muscle 152. Data gathered by the optician.: objective Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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- Getting patient history and chief complaint. Symptoms. Not observable.: - 154. subjective 155. subjective, objective, assessment, plan.: SOAP 156. A group of hereditary disorders that involve gradual deterioration of the light-sensitive cells of the retina.: Retinas Pigmentosa 157. separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically: retinal detachment 158. breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision: macular degeneration 159. Blood hemorrhage at the center of the eye. Less common.: wet macular degeneration 160. accounts for 90% of all AMD cases, is caused by the slow deterioration of the cells of the macula. Fat deposits on retina.: _dry macular degeneration
162._ increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision: Glaucoma
- clouding of the crystalline lens, rarely at birth, more often with age.: - 164. Cataracts 165. Growth from the sclera that grows over the iris and possibly the entire eye: Ptergium 166. yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust: Pinguecula 167. occurs when the cornea becomes irregular and cone-shaped, causing blurring and distortion of vision: Keratoconus 168. infects corneas and causes blindness. Dirty Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
🤔Hit Me UP__ Inbox Open 24/7 – 365 …...!!!! 🤔 Chat with us here: 🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com conjunctival sac using a fluorescein strip (the dye allows visualization of the tear film) 183. i. 15 sec normal
- 10-15 sec borderline dry eye 185. < 10 is abnormal: Tear Break Up Time 186. "Tendency" of eye to move in a direction: - phoria 187. occurs when movements of external muscles of two eyes are not perfectly coordinated: diplopia (double vision) 188. Aniseikonia when the eye is looking straight ahead: static 189. Unequal size of retinal images: aniseikonia 190. Different refractive powers in each eye, different signs.: Antimetropia 191. significant unequal refractive error between two eyes: Anisometropia 192. equal refractive errors between the two eyes: Isometropia 193. farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occur- ring typically in middle and old age. Require multifocals.: presbyopia 194. One principle meridian focuses light on the retina, the other does not. Transposed Rx has one Plano.: Simple astigmatism 195. The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling in front of the retina.: Compound myopic astigmatism 196. The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina.: Compound hyperopic astigmatism 197. The steepest curve lies in between 120 and 150 degrees and 30 and 60 degrees: Oblique Astigmatism 198. astigmatism found in the crystalline lens: Lenticular Astigmatism Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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199. the horizontal meridian has the steepest curvature. Rx eg -3.00-1.00x180 or k readings 44/43@180: Against the rule astigmatism 200.the vertical corneal meridian has the steepest curvature. Rx eg 201. -3.00-1.00x180 or k readings 44/42@180: With the rule astigmatism 202. defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye: astigmatism 203. Ammetropia caused by crystalline lens that is too strong or weak: Lentic- ular Hyperopiaor myopia 204. Ammetropia caused by too steep or flat of a cornea: curvature hyperopia or myopia 205. Eyeball is too long or short: Axial Myopia or hyperopia 206. image is focused behind the retina, plus power correction: hyperopia(far- sightedness) 207. Images formed by reflection off the optical surfaces of the eye, detects crystalline lens defects: Purkinje images 208. Choroid coat, ciliary body, lens, iris, aqueous humor, pupil. 2nd layer, vascular tunic: middle tunic 209. Corneosclera junction connecting the cornea and the sclera: limbus 210. Fifth layer of the cornea. Metabolic pump that removes excess fluid: en- dothelium 211. Basement membrane that lies between the corneal stroma and the en- dothelial layer of cornea, 4th layer: Descemet's membrane 212. Third corneal layer, maintains transparency. Can take years to heal.: Stro- ma 213. second layer of the cornea, attached to epithelium: Bowman's layer Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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231. tests for color vision: _Ishihara test
233._ "tendency" of an inward turning of the eye: Esophoria 234. more permanent inward turning of the eye (cross eyes): esotropia 235. tendency of outward turning of the eye: Exophoria 236. more permanent outward turn of the eye (wall-eyed): exotropia 237. The point where rays of light converge, or appear to diverge. "Real" focus in plus lenses, "virtual" focus in minus lenses.: focus 238. Combination of images from each eye into one.: Fusion 239. a measure of the amount a ray of light bends when it passes from one medium to another: Index of refraction 240. Spectacle Lenses designed to manipulate image size when dissimilar images make it impossible for fusion to occur: iseikonic lenses 241. pertaining to tears: lacrimal 242. border between cornea and sclera: limbus 243. yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc. Devoid of blood vessels.: macula 244. Crescent shaped lens with a convex front and concave back. Most com- mon lens design: Meniscus 245. dilation of the pupil: mydriasis 246. involuntary, repetitive, rhythmic movement of the eye: Nystigmus 247. impossible to see through; preventing the passage of light.: Opaque 248. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain: optic nerve 249. The point at which light passes with no deviation.: Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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250. the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated: orbit 251. study and treatment of defective binocular vision resulting from defects in ocular musculature: orthoptics 252. A group of parallel light rays emanating from a far point: pencil 253. sensitivity to light: photophobia 254. No refractive power: Plano 255. Dispenses light or changes direction: Prism 256. The: Ray 257. Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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