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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry
ABO Master in Ophthalmic Optics
Certification Exam (ABO-M)
Course Title and Number: (ABO-M) Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam Title: ABO-M Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: ____ [Insert Instructor’s Name] _______ Student Name: ___ [Insert Student’s Name] _____ Student ID: ____ [Insert Student ID] _____________
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(ABO-M) Master in Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ | 2025- ABO American Board of Opticianry ABO-M Master in Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the Questions Correctly Good Luck: - A 40-year-old man presents with severe pain in his left eye, decreased vision, nausea, and abdominal pain. On examination, the patient's left pupil is moderately dilated and nonreactive. The cornea is "steamy" in appearance and generally the eye is red. What do you suspect is the cause? Conjunctivitis Acute uveitis Acute angle-closure glaucoma Corneal ulcer Corneal infection - =Answer>> Acute angle-closure glaucoma This patient has acute angle-closure glaucoma. The typical characteristics of this condition are all exhibited by this patient (i.e., steamy cornea, severe pain, blurred vision, dilated, and nonreactive pupil). A physical exam finding in a patient with acute uveitis would be a small pupil. In addition to these symptoms, patients may also present with abdominal pain. A corneal infection and corneal ulcer would cause circumcorneal injection and watery or purulent discharge. Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔 Ctrl + Click Here To 📑 ORDER NOW 📑 Follow Link 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔 🎓 TO GET INSTANT EXPERT HELP 🎓 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔
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Retinal artery emboli Retinal vein occlusion Papilledema Macular degeneration - =Answer>> Retinal artery emboli The answer is retinal artery emboli, as the diagnosis for this patient is amaurosis fugax. Amaurosis fugax is characterized by brief episodes of monocular blindness caused by retinal artery emboli, often from ipsilateral carotid disease. Carotid stenosis is best evaluated using intra-arterial angiography. To reduce stroke risk in patients with carotid disease who experience transient vision loss, an anti-platelet drug such as aspirin should be used. A 23-year-old man presents 2 hours after being involved in a road traffic accident in which he sustained right-sided periorbital injuries. He is seeing double; he denies headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. On examination, he is alert and oriented in time, space, situation, and person. His right eye is deviated downwards and temporally. What finding would you also expect to find in this patient? Loss of the corneal reflex Ptosis Pupillary constriction Corneal anesthesia Eye adduction - =Answer>> Ptosis The clinical picture is suggestive of injury to the oculomotor nerve, which is the 3rd cranial nerve. Patients usually present with diplopia, which is also known double vision. They may also mention the inability to see with 1 eye if the ptosis is severe Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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enough to cover the pupil. They may also mention blurred vision and a glare in bright lights due to the mydriasis. A 25-year-old male medical resident presents with 'acute red eyes' with copious watery discharge. He also notes some aversion to bright light. While rubbing his left eye, he describes a sensation of a 'gritty' foreign body. Other than the aversion to bright light, he denies any visual disturbance or pain. On physical exam, the conjunctiva of both eyes are injected and mildly edematous. The remainder of the exam is within normal limits. What is the most likely diagnosis? Allergic conjunctivitis Bacterial conjunctivitis Chlamydial conjunctivitis Contact lens abuse Hyperacute conjunctivitis - =Answer>> Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis is almost always secondary to environmental allergens; therefore, it usually presents with bilateral symptoms. The other hallmark symptom would be pruritus, which might be suggested by the rubbing of his eye. A 12-year-old boy presents with fatigue and jaundice. History obtained from the patient and his mother is negative for recent illness, fever, infectious exposures, medication, alcohol, or drug use. He denies gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and a history of GI disease. On physical examination, he appears ill; the liver edge is palpable and slightly tender. Skin and sclera are icteric, and there is corneal discoloration. On eye examination using a slit-lamp, you note brown-yellow rings encircling the iris in the rim of the cornea bilaterally. You order a serum ceruloplasmin Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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The history and physical examination of this patient are suggestive of acute angle-closure glaucoma, which can be easily confirmed by measuring the intraocular pressure using a tonometer (e.g., the Schiötz tonometer). Acute angle-closure glaucoma develops in individuals with pre-existing anatomic narrowing of the anterior chamber, which is seen mainly in hypermetropes. The condition usually develops in the twilight hours, which is when the pupil is dilated in response to the low level of illumination. It may also occur with pupillary dilation for ophthalmoscopy, so topical atropine would be contraindicated. Hyperthroidism is known to cause the eyes to bulge out resulting in - =Answer>> Exopthalmos The medical word for pinkeye - =Answer>> Conjunctivitis Words that pertain to the back of the eye - =Answer>> The muscle that turns the eye downward - =Answer>> Rectus The blind spot of the eye is found at the - =Answer>> Optic disk When the surface of what is irregularly curved, it is known as astigmatism - =Answer>> Cornea The vitreous humor does what - =Answer>> It occupies the space behind the lens and in front of the retina at the back of the eye A condition where the lens of the eye has been surgically removed - =Answer>> Aphakia How is glaucoma treated - =Answer>> Eye drops, medicine, surgery A progressive condition which causes blood vessels to leak and cause intracular hemorrhaging - =Answer>> Diabetic retinopathy Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Ambly/o - =Answer>> Dullness Phac/o and phak/o - =Answer>> Lens shaped, pertaining to lens Dacry/o - =Answer>> Tears or lacrimal duct The deviation of one or both eyes, either medially or laterally - =Answer>> Strabismus The what duct carries tears in the eye to the nose - =Answer>> Naso-lacrimal A condition that can be characterized by the surface of the cornea being curved more steeply in one area - =Answer>> Astigmatism A person can arrange to donate, after his or her death and have the what transplanted into another person - =Answer>> Cornea Which portion of the brain created three dimensional images from sensory impulses from the optic nerve - =Answer>> Visual cortex Which two structures of the eye are involved in bending light rays to focus them on the retina - =Answer>> Cornea, lens What are the functions of the ciliary body - =Answer>> Changes shape of the lens to help eyes focus on an object The area of greatest visual acuity is the - =Answer>> Fovea (in the maculla) Myop/o - =Answer>> Near The condition hyperopia is - =Answer>> Farsightedness-- able to see far, not near Blephar/o - =Answer>> Eyelid Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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-flame hemorrhages, splinter hemorrhages microaneurysms - =Answer>> small leakages can be from HTN, DM retinopathy deep hemorrhages - =Answer>> -more in nerve fiber -larger, yellow -rounder because they are situated deeper diabetic retinopathy - =Answer>> -neovascularization -ischemia to retina -chemical causes increase formation of blood vessels -more prone to hemorrhage/break drusen - =Answer>> -associated with macular degeneration, common finding in elderly -deposits, yellow-white cotton wool spots - =Answer>> -soft exudates, more blurred edges -gray spots with soft edges--> indicate ischemia/infarction of the superficial retinal nerve fibers -HTN, DM macular degneration - =Answer>> -leading cause of blindness in elderly -wet vs dry -drusen forms Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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hard exudates - =Answer>> -brighter appearance, more clear edges -HTN -yellow, lipid buildup HTN retinal changes - =Answer>> -flame hemorrhages -AV nicking -hard exudates fovea and macula - =Answer>> -pt look directly at light -wont have any blood vessels through it -lies just lateral to disc -fovea located within macula special instruments/tests - =Answer>> -measure intraocular pressure- tono pen (hand held digital read out) and schiotz tonometer (measure depth produced on the surface of the cornea by a load of a known weight) -slit lamp- magnified exam of anterior eye structures (in ophtho office); non fundoscopic structures The structure of the eye that gives the color of the eye is the - =Answer>> Iris The what gland produces and releases tears - =Answer>> Lacrimal The small area between the cornea and the surface of the iris through which the aqueous humor circulates is called the - =Answer>> Anterior chamber The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the eye, and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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things to consider in pt with changes in visual acuity - =Answer>> -sudden or gradual? -unilateral or bilateral? (bilateral tends to be gradual, sudden unilateral) -painful or painless-- sudden painful unilateral vision loss warrants urgent referral or ER vs rapid onset painless vision loss related to meds reasons for sudden UNILATERAL changes in visual acuity-- PAINFUL - =Answer>> -issues of cornea, anterior chamber: -corneal ulcer- open sore on cornea -uveitis- inflammation of middle layer of eye -traumatic hyphema- blood in anterior chamber -acute narrow angle glaucoma -optic neuritis- inflammation of optic nerve reasons for sudden UNILATERAL changes in visual acuity-- PAINLESS - =Answer>> -vitreous hemorrhage- bleed into vitreous humor, can be from diabetes (incr vasc) or trauma -macular degeneration- eye disease that causes (usually more gradual) vision loss, normal with aging -retinal detachment- retina pulls away from choroid layer--> blind spot -retinal vein occlusion- atherosclerosis -central retinal artery occlusion patterns of change in visual acuity - =Answer>> -entire field of vision or only a portion? -specific visual defects? like mobile (floaters) or fixed (scotomas)? floaters could be bleeding into vitreous -are they experiencing flashing lights? (photopsia)--> suggests retinal detachment Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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reasons for gradual BILATERAL changes in visual acuity (less concerning) - =Answer>> -hyperopia-farsightedness, difficulty focusing on near -presbyopia- increasing farsightedness, associated with normal aging; >40 years old--> wear glasses -myopia- nearsightedness, more common in general; can't see at a distance -cataracts- lens opacifies, light not focused as well on retina; red light reflex -- cant't see through lens -macular degeneration- blurred central vision, trouble reading, driving, facial recognition ---wet- blood vessels leak blood and fluid ---dry- most common central visual changes - =Answer>> -gradual central loss -nuclear cataract -macular degeneration- central decreased vision peripheral visual changes - =Answer>> -gradual peripheral loss -open-angle glaucoma- increased pressure in eye, can damage optic nerve--> emergency Diplopia - =Answer>> double vision etiology -CNS lesion- brainstem, cerebellum -extraocular muscle pathology- horizontal CN III or VI, vertical CN III or IV -pathology of cornea or lens- unilateral, remains with closure of other eye Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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-contact wearers at higher risk acute iritis/uveitis - =Answer>> -ring around limbic area -ciliary injection -CMV, systemic infectious disease acute angle closure glaucoma - =Answer>> -cloudy, steamy cornea -ciliary injection -aqueous humor doesn't drain effectively -can have permanent vision loss how does presbyopia occur - =Answer>> ciliary body/muscle becomes less elastic as we age eye anatomy - =Answer>> -upper eyelid- should just touch iris -palpebral fissure- space between eyelids -lacrimal glands- can be enlarged in certain conditions -tears drained in puncta--> go through nasolacrimal duct -lateral, medial canthus what is the limbus - =Answer>> junction between cornea and sclera where does aqueous humor leave anterior chamber? - =Answer>> canal of schlemm why do we have blind spot - =Answer>> -where optic nerve exits/enters globe of eye, no rods or cones Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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-fovea- high concentration of cones- high acuity, color vision what happens to image on retina - =Answer>> inverted what can be visualized on eye exam - =Answer>> only veins and arteries -arteries are smaller, brighter red -veins are wider, purpleish which tracts cross at optic chiasm - =Answer>> temporal vision (nasal side tracts) crosses and joins nasal vision (temporal tracts) of contralateral eye how is legally blind defined - =Answer>> corrected vision is 20/200 or worse Snellen chart - =Answer>> -stand 20 ft from chart and read smallest line they can read clearly -20/20- at 20 ft pt can see what normal person can at 20 ft; can miss up to 2 -20/200- at 20 ft pt can read what normal person can at 200 ft -can use hand held (Rosenbaum) at 14 inches from face -cover eye -measure with corrected vision static finger wiggle test - =Answer>> -test peripheral vision fields -patient and examiner face each other, both cover eye -starting outside examiners peripheral, move 2 wiggling fingers centrally until pt can see -tests temporal, nasal visual fields at superior, midlines, inferior levels on both eyes Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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entropion - =Answer>> -eyelid/eyelashes turn inward, scrape eye ectropion - =Answer>> -eyelid/eyelashes turned outward -tears drain out, can't maintain moisture--> dry eye chalazion - =Answer>> -slow growing, inflammatory lump in tear gland of eyelid -blocked internal to lid hordeolum - =Answer>> -"sty" -blocked at margin of lid, outside edge of lid xanthalasma - =Answer>> -deposit of fat underneath skin, usually on or around eyelid -innter canthus -hyperlipidemia -common with age dacryocystitis - =Answer>> -infection of lacrimal sac secondary to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct conjunctiva and sclera - =Answer>> -color- conjunctiva is clear covering over eye, sclera is tough white outer coat of eyeball -jaundice? pale? redness? -vascular pattern -nodules, swelling, d/c conjunctiva - =Answer>> clear lining over eye produces lubricant for eye- mucus, tears Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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-palpebral, bulbar, fornix -examine palpebral conjunctiva by flipping eyelid with tongue blade cornea exam - =Answer>> -examine with oblique light for opacities, edema, FB corneal arcus - =Answer>> -white ring around periphery of cornea -lipid rich deposit corneal scar - =Answer>> -from trauma Kayser-Fleischer ring - =Answer>> -abnormal deposits of copper -appear to encircle iris, where cornea meets sclera -Wilson's disease (accumulation of copper due to liver) rust ring - =Answer>> -from metal FB -needs to be removed -burrs can form- buff out pinguecula - =Answer>> -growth on bulbar conjunctiva -triangular, yellowish growth -benign, associated with aging pterygium - =Answer>> -triangular corneal growth -can grow into field of vision -common in tropics, people that spend a lot of time in the sun Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
