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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry
Basic ABO Certification Exam
Course Title and Number: Basic ABO Certification Exam Exam Title: Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name] Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name] Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
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ABO American Board of Opticianry 2025- ABO Certification Exam Study Guide Comprehensive Review Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
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A lens reads +2.25 in the lensometer. If the ocular curve is - 6.00, what is the anterior curve? A. +2. B. +6. C. +8. D. +10.25 - =Answer>> C. +8. If the frame front touches the eyebrows, what is not a possible solution to the problem? A. increase the pantoscopic tilt B. choose another frame C. decrease the distance between the nose pads D. increase the retroscopic tilt - =Answer>> D. increase the retroscopic tilt The prescription pl -3.00 x 010, can also be written as: A. pl +3.00 x 100 B. +3.00 x 10 / -3.00 x 100 C. +3.00 -3.00 x 010 D. -3.00 +3.00 x 100 - =Answer>> D. -3.00 +3.00 x 100
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com A. +1.00 -1.00 x 180 B. Pl +2.50 x 100 C. +2.75 -1.50 x 90 D. +3.00 -1.25 x 145 - =Answer>> C. +2.75 -1.50 x 90 It is recommended that the optical center of the lens be lowered 1mm for every... A. 1 degree of pantoscopic tilt B. 2 degrees of positive face form C. 2 degrees of pantoscopic tilt D. 1 degree of segment inset - =Answer>> C. 2 degrees of pantoscopic tilt When fitting the high minus wearer you should avoid: A. a smaller eye size B. rounded corners C. excessive decentration D. anti reflection coating - =Answer>> C. excessive decentration Which of the following cannot be found with the Boxing System? A. "A" measurement B. geometrical center C. "B" measurement D. optical center - =Answer>> D. optical center Abbe Value is an indication of the lenses: A. dioptric power B. surface curvature C. thickness D. dispersion - =Answer>> D. dispersion As parallel light rays pass through a plus lens, those light rays: A. converge B. diverge C. continue along their same path D. are totally reflected - =Answer>> A. converge
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com An uncoated normal plastic lens will reflect approximately how much light" A.7% B. 4% C. 9% D. 0% - =Answer>> C. 9% Give the RX +1.00 +1.00 x 45, how much of the +1.00 cylinder is in effect at axis 90? A. 100% B. 70% C. 50% D. 0 % - =Answer>> C. 50% When a minus lens is moved away from the eye it does what in power. A. Increases B. Decreases C. Adds + 0. D. Adds - 0.50 - =Answer>> B. Decreases Conventional Slab Off gives Base Up, and should be placed in the Most __ lens. A. Power B. Minus C. Plus D. Thick - =Answer>> B. Minus Determine the power in the vertical meridian (power at 090) for the following lenses:
- Rx: +2.00 +3.00 X 135 A. +3.00 D B. +5.00 D C. +3.50 D D. +4.00 D - =Answer>> C. +3.50 D
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com B. 24 C. 2. D. 3.2 - =Answer>> C. 2. Conventional Slab Off solution = A. 0.8 BO OD B. 0.8 BU OD C. 2.4 BU OS D. 3.2 BU OD - =Answer>> C. 2.4 BU OS What is the spherical equivalent of the following prescription - 2.25 +3.50 x 171? -0. 3 multiple choice options Given the Rx +1.00 -2.00 x 135, what is the effective power in the 90th meridian? Plano 3 multiple choice options A Rx of +1.75 -2.75 x 153 would be written in what way by an ophthalmologist? -1.00 +2.75 x 063 3 multiple choice options A +4.00 lens intended to be positioned at a PD of 30mm was actually manufactured at 33mm. What is the amount of prism induced by the error? 1.2 diopters 3 multiple choice options Vertical imbalance error is always read at the ______ lens in the 90th meridian. Weaker 3 multiple choice options What is the dioptic power of a lens with a focal length of 400mm? +2. 3 multiple choice options
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com Use the following information for questions 59 through 60: Rx: OD: -1.25 Add: +2. OS: +3.50 RL: 9mm
- The amount of Vertical Imbalance: A. 7.0 VI B. 4.2 VI C. 3.5 VI D. 0.7 VI - =Answer>> B. 4.2 VI Conventional Slab Off solution: A. 4.2" BU OD B. 1.75 " BU OS C. 3.5 " BU OD D. 1.75" BO OD - =Answer>> A. 4.2" BU OD What is the compensated power of the following RX -9.25 DS being moved to 16mm. A. -8. B. -10. C. -9. D. -9.87 - =Answer>> C. -9. Aberration - =Answer>> Deviation from a single focus of light rays emanating from one source Accommodation - =Answer>> The ability of the eye to adjust focus for varying distances Achromatic - =Answer>> Descriptive of a lens capable of refracting light without creating a rainbow effect Acuity - =Answer>> Visual expression of sharpness of vision (20
distance, J.1 near)
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com Axis - =Answer>> The meridian of no cylinder power in a spherocylinder lens Change a bifocal Rx to a single vision Rx - =Answer>> Add the bifocal power to the sphere powers. OD: -0. OS: -0.25-0.25x Add: +1. Turns into- OD: +1. OS: +1.50-0.25x Anisometropia - =Answer>> There is a difference of 3 diopters between both eyes; when the vision of the eyes differs by a large margin. Antimetropia - =Answer>> Refers to Rx's that differ in sign. Ex. OD: +0. OS: -0. Simple Hyperopia - =Answer>> The Rx will be a + sphere Simple Myopia - =Answer>> The Rx will be - sphere Marcus Gunn - =Answer>> Tests to see if both pupils constrict when a light is shined in one eye. Tests for abnormalties in pupillary reaction. optotypes - =Answer>> letters on the Snellen Chart Who is said to be the pioneer lens designer (1268) - =Answer>> Roger Bacon Who is generally credited with the invention of spectacles? - =Answer>> Salvino d'Armati of Florence, Italy (1285)
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com When were minus or concave lenses invented? - =Answer>> 16th century for correction of myopic eyes (nearsightedness) When were toric lenses invented and by whom? - =Answer>> 19th century by Suscipi Who is credited with making the first bifocals? - =Answer>> Benjamin Franklin (1784) Who aroused the interest of physicians concerning the exam of the eye and prescribing spectale lenses? - =Answer>> F.C. Donders (1800) Ocularist - =Answer>> a paramedical technician who designs, fabricates, hand paints, and fits ocular protheses for those who have lost one or both eyes photophobia - =Answer>> fear of light iritis - =Answer>> an inflammation of the iris. contraocular - =Answer>> pertaining to the opposite eye enophthalmos - =Answer>> recession of the eyeball into the orbit heterotropia - =Answer>> eyes do not maintain parallelism, but take a permanent position of convergence or divergence uvetis - =Answer>> inflammation involving the uveal tract hyphema - =Answer>> blood in the anterior chamber of the eye binocular - =Answer>> pertaining to both eyes, the use of both eyes simutaneously
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com keratoconus - =Answer>> deformity of the cornea in which it becomes cone shapped, due to stretching of tissues in its central area. kerat-;kerato- - =Answer>> cornea blaph-; blapharo- - =Answer>> eyelid lach- - =Answer>> tears dacry- - =Answer>> tears (abnormal) core- - =Answer>> pupil phac- - =Answer>> lens phoria- - =Answer>> muscular imbalance heterophoria - =Answer>> the tendency for one eye to deviate as the other remains fixed exophoria - =Answer>> muscular imbalance where an eye has a tendency to move outward hyperphoria - =Answer>> tendency for one eye to deviate upward orthophoria - =Answer>> normal muscular balance and alignment of the eyes with no tendency to deviate keratoscope - =Answer>> instrument for examining the curvature of the cornea dicoria - =Answer>> two pupils in one eye blepharedema - =Answer>> abnormal excess of watery fluid in the tissue spaces of the eyelid.
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com hypophoria - =Answer>> tendency for one eye to deviate downward convert m to cm - =Answer>> move decimal 2 places right convert cm to mm - =Answer>> move decimal 1 place right convert m to mm - =Answer>> move decimal 3 places right convert mm to m - =Answer>> move decimal 3 places left convert mm to cm - =Answer>> move decimal 1 place left convert cm to m - =Answer>> move decimal 2 places left system of angular measurement - =Answer>> A circle= 360 degrees 1 degree= 60 minutes 1 minute= 60 seconds conversion between units of angular measurements - =Answer>>
- degrees to minutes: multiply degrees by 60
- minutes to seconds: multiply minutes by 60
- seconds to minutes: divide seconds by 60
- minutes to degrees: divide minutes by 60 Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light - =Answer>> light is small particles of energy Christian Huygens wave theory of light - =Answer>> light is a series of waves of varying lengths the speed of light - =Answer>> 186,000 miles per second (in air) visible spectrum - =Answer>> violet: 380 nm
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- Change the sign of the cyl
- Change the axis by 90 degrees 180 becomes 90 The amount of diopters of curvature can be determined from a radius by: - =Answer>> D= index of refration of the material - 1/radius of curvature Ex. Crown glass with a front radius of 10 cm and a back radius of 52 cm. Front: D=1.523-1/.10m=5. Back: D=1.523-1/.52=1. +5.23 + -1.00 = +4.23 (round to +4.25) (if the radii were switched, the power would be -4.25) Which color travels the fastest through a medium? - =Answer>> red What is the avg. refractive power of the cornea? - =Answer>> 43. D What is the average refractive power of the crystalline lens? - =Answer>> 17.0D What are the 3 chambers of the eye? - =Answer>> 1. anterior chamber: the space between the back of the cornea and the front of the iris
- posterior chamber: space between the iris and the lens
- vitreous chamber: largest space between the lens and the retina
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com What are the 5 layers of the cornea? (from outward in) - =Answer>> 1. Epithelium: highly regenerative
- Bowman's Membrane
- Stroma: comprising 90% of thickness
- Desemets Membrane
- Endothelium cones - =Answer>> day vision, detail, color rods - =Answer>> night vision, peripheral vision, black and white Does the eye generally contain more rods or cones? - =Answer>> 120 million rods 6 million cones Where can the greatest density of cones be found? - =Answer>> The fovea What is the index of refraction of the cornea? - =Answer>> 1. What is the index of refraction of the crystalline lens? - =Answer>>
What is the index of refraction of the aqueous humor and the vitreous humor? - =Answer>> 1. Once the optic nerves leave the eye they cross at an X like structure called the ________? - =Answer>> Optic Chasm What are the 3 tunics of the eye? - =Answer>> 1. Fibrous tunic: outer protective coat of the eye that consists of the cornea and sclera
- Vascular tunic: Consists of the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com The space between the cornea and iris that is filled with aqueous fluid: - =Answer>> anterior chamber The layer of the cornea which comprises 90% of its thickness - =Answer>> the stroma Refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina - =Answer>> compound hyperopic astigmatism A condition in which the refractive error of one eye differs from that of the other (both eyes have the same sign) - =Answer>> anisometropia The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to many focal points on the retina - =Answer>> irregular astigmatism The transparant colorless mass of soft, jelly-like material which fills the eyeball behind the lens - =Answer>> vitreous humor the cornea has an index of refraction of _____? - =Answer>> 1. The index of refraction of the crystalline lens - =Answer>> 1. white of the eye, composed of tough inelastic fibers tightly laced together. It resists the intraocular pressure without losing shape. - =Answer>> the sclera Acts as a diaphragm to regulate the amount of light entering the eye - =Answer>> Iris Complex tissue containing rods and cones - =Answer>> retina Average range of intraocular pressure - =Answer>> 15mm Hg - 21mm Hg
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com What is the index of refraction of Crown Glass? - =Answer>> 1. What is the index of refraction of CR-39 plastic? - =Answer>>
What is the index of refraction of Polycarbonate? - =Answer>>
What is the index of refraction of high index plastic? - =Answer>>
The index of refraction of any material is calculatd by... - =Answer>> dividing the speed of light in air by the speed of light in the material What is the standard index of refraction used? - =Answer>> 1. Prentice Rule - =Answer>> Prism=power of lens X decentration in mm / 10 How much prism is induced 4mm away from the optical center of a +3.00D lens? - =Answer>> 3.00 X 4/10=1. Base out prism - =Answer>> Optical centers are more narrow than PD Base in prism - =Answer>> optical centers are wider than PD A patients PD was noted to be 62mm when the actual measurement is 66mm. If the power of the lenses are -2.00D in both eyes how much prism will be induced and in what direction? - =Answer>> Right eye: -2.00 X 2/10=0. Left eye: -2.00 X 2/10=0. Total: 0.8 base out because OCs are more narrow than PD
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