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ABO Certification Exam Study Guide: Comprehensive Review, Exams of Ophthalmology

This study guide provides a comprehensive review of the abo certification exam, covering key concepts and principles related to optics and vision. It includes updated questions and answers, designed to help students prepare for the exam and achieve a passing score. The guide covers topics such as lensometry, frame fitting, refractive errors, and visual acuity, providing a solid foundation for understanding the fundamentals of opticianry.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/04/2025

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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry
Basic ABO Certification Exam
Course Title and Number: Basic ABO Certification Exam
Exam Title: Certification Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026
Instructor:[Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name:[Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID:[Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
Instructions:
1. Read each question carefully.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
4. Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
5. Please answer each question below and click Submit when you
have completed the Exam.
6. This test has a time limit, The test will save and submit
automatically when the time expires
7. This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course
Learning Resources.
Good Luck!
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Download ABO Certification Exam Study Guide: Comprehensive Review and more Exams Ophthalmology in PDF only on Docsity!

National Certification Organization

for Opticians

ABO American Board of Opticianry

Basic ABO Certification Exam

Course Title and Number: Basic ABO Certification Exam Exam Title: Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name] Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name] Student ID: [Insert Student ID]

Examination

180 minutes

Instructions:

**1. Read each question carefully.

  1. Answer all questions.
  2. Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
  3. Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
  4. Please answer each question below and click Submit when you** **have completed the Exam.
  5. This test has a time limit, The test will save and submit** **automatically when the time expires
  6. This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course** Learning Resources.

Good Luck!

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ABO American Board of Opticianry 2025- ABO Certification Exam Study Guide Comprehensive Review Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |

Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the

Questions Correctly Good Luck: -

A lens reads +2.25 in the lensometer. If the ocular curve is - 6.00, what is the anterior curve? A. +2. B. +6. C. +8. D. +10.25 - =Answer>> C. +8. If the frame front touches the eyebrows, what is not a possible solution to the problem? A. increase the pantoscopic tilt B. choose another frame C. decrease the distance between the nose pads D. increase the retroscopic tilt - =Answer>> D. increase the retroscopic tilt The prescription pl -3.00 x 010, can also be written as: A. pl +3.00 x 100 B. +3.00 x 10 / -3.00 x 100 C. +3.00 -3.00 x 010 D. -3.00 +3.00 x 100 - =Answer>> D. -3.00 +3.00 x 100

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com A. +1.00 -1.00 x 180 B. Pl +2.50 x 100 C. +2.75 -1.50 x 90 D. +3.00 -1.25 x 145 - =Answer>> C. +2.75 -1.50 x 90 It is recommended that the optical center of the lens be lowered 1mm for every... A. 1 degree of pantoscopic tilt B. 2 degrees of positive face form C. 2 degrees of pantoscopic tilt D. 1 degree of segment inset - =Answer>> C. 2 degrees of pantoscopic tilt When fitting the high minus wearer you should avoid: A. a smaller eye size B. rounded corners C. excessive decentration D. anti reflection coating - =Answer>> C. excessive decentration Which of the following cannot be found with the Boxing System? A. "A" measurement B. geometrical center C. "B" measurement D. optical center - =Answer>> D. optical center Abbe Value is an indication of the lenses: A. dioptric power B. surface curvature C. thickness D. dispersion - =Answer>> D. dispersion As parallel light rays pass through a plus lens, those light rays: A. converge B. diverge C. continue along their same path D. are totally reflected - =Answer>> A. converge

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com An uncoated normal plastic lens will reflect approximately how much light" A.7% B. 4% C. 9% D. 0% - =Answer>> C. 9% Give the RX +1.00 +1.00 x 45, how much of the +1.00 cylinder is in effect at axis 90? A. 100% B. 70% C. 50% D. 0 % - =Answer>> C. 50% When a minus lens is moved away from the eye it does what in power. A. Increases B. Decreases C. Adds + 0. D. Adds - 0.50 - =Answer>> B. Decreases Conventional Slab Off gives Base Up, and should be placed in the Most __ lens. A. Power B. Minus C. Plus D. Thick - =Answer>> B. Minus Determine the power in the vertical meridian (power at 090) for the following lenses:

  1. Rx: +2.00 +3.00 X 135 A. +3.00 D B. +5.00 D C. +3.50 D D. +4.00 D - =Answer>> C. +3.50 D

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com B. 24 C. 2. D. 3.2 - =Answer>> C. 2. Conventional Slab Off solution = A. 0.8 BO OD B. 0.8 BU OD C. 2.4 BU OS D. 3.2 BU OD - =Answer>> C. 2.4 BU OS What is the spherical equivalent of the following prescription - 2.25 +3.50 x 171? -0. 3 multiple choice options Given the Rx +1.00 -2.00 x 135, what is the effective power in the 90th meridian? Plano 3 multiple choice options A Rx of +1.75 -2.75 x 153 would be written in what way by an ophthalmologist? -1.00 +2.75 x 063 3 multiple choice options A +4.00 lens intended to be positioned at a PD of 30mm was actually manufactured at 33mm. What is the amount of prism induced by the error? 1.2 diopters 3 multiple choice options Vertical imbalance error is always read at the ______ lens in the 90th meridian. Weaker 3 multiple choice options What is the dioptic power of a lens with a focal length of 400mm? +2. 3 multiple choice options

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com Use the following information for questions 59 through 60: Rx: OD: -1.25 Add: +2. OS: +3.50 RL: 9mm

  1. The amount of Vertical Imbalance: A. 7.0 VI B. 4.2 VI C. 3.5 VI D. 0.7 VI - =Answer>> B. 4.2 VI Conventional Slab Off solution: A. 4.2" BU OD B. 1.75 " BU OS C. 3.5 " BU OD D. 1.75" BO OD - =Answer>> A. 4.2" BU OD What is the compensated power of the following RX -9.25 DS being moved to 16mm. A. -8. B. -10. C. -9. D. -9.87 - =Answer>> C. -9. Aberration - =Answer>> Deviation from a single focus of light rays emanating from one source Accommodation - =Answer>> The ability of the eye to adjust focus for varying distances Achromatic - =Answer>> Descriptive of a lens capable of refracting light without creating a rainbow effect Acuity - =Answer>> Visual expression of sharpness of vision (20
    distance, J.1 near)

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com Axis - =Answer>> The meridian of no cylinder power in a spherocylinder lens Change a bifocal Rx to a single vision Rx - =Answer>> Add the bifocal power to the sphere powers. OD: -0. OS: -0.25-0.25x Add: +1. Turns into- OD: +1. OS: +1.50-0.25x Anisometropia - =Answer>> There is a difference of 3 diopters between both eyes; when the vision of the eyes differs by a large margin. Antimetropia - =Answer>> Refers to Rx's that differ in sign. Ex. OD: +0. OS: -0. Simple Hyperopia - =Answer>> The Rx will be a + sphere Simple Myopia - =Answer>> The Rx will be - sphere Marcus Gunn - =Answer>> Tests to see if both pupils constrict when a light is shined in one eye. Tests for abnormalties in pupillary reaction. optotypes - =Answer>> letters on the Snellen Chart Who is said to be the pioneer lens designer (1268) - =Answer>> Roger Bacon Who is generally credited with the invention of spectacles? - =Answer>> Salvino d'Armati of Florence, Italy (1285)

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com When were minus or concave lenses invented? - =Answer>> 16th century for correction of myopic eyes (nearsightedness) When were toric lenses invented and by whom? - =Answer>> 19th century by Suscipi Who is credited with making the first bifocals? - =Answer>> Benjamin Franklin (1784) Who aroused the interest of physicians concerning the exam of the eye and prescribing spectale lenses? - =Answer>> F.C. Donders (1800) Ocularist - =Answer>> a paramedical technician who designs, fabricates, hand paints, and fits ocular protheses for those who have lost one or both eyes photophobia - =Answer>> fear of light iritis - =Answer>> an inflammation of the iris. contraocular - =Answer>> pertaining to the opposite eye enophthalmos - =Answer>> recession of the eyeball into the orbit heterotropia - =Answer>> eyes do not maintain parallelism, but take a permanent position of convergence or divergence uvetis - =Answer>> inflammation involving the uveal tract hyphema - =Answer>> blood in the anterior chamber of the eye binocular - =Answer>> pertaining to both eyes, the use of both eyes simutaneously

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com keratoconus - =Answer>> deformity of the cornea in which it becomes cone shapped, due to stretching of tissues in its central area. kerat-;kerato- - =Answer>> cornea blaph-; blapharo- - =Answer>> eyelid lach- - =Answer>> tears dacry- - =Answer>> tears (abnormal) core- - =Answer>> pupil phac- - =Answer>> lens phoria- - =Answer>> muscular imbalance heterophoria - =Answer>> the tendency for one eye to deviate as the other remains fixed exophoria - =Answer>> muscular imbalance where an eye has a tendency to move outward hyperphoria - =Answer>> tendency for one eye to deviate upward orthophoria - =Answer>> normal muscular balance and alignment of the eyes with no tendency to deviate keratoscope - =Answer>> instrument for examining the curvature of the cornea dicoria - =Answer>> two pupils in one eye blepharedema - =Answer>> abnormal excess of watery fluid in the tissue spaces of the eyelid.

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com hypophoria - =Answer>> tendency for one eye to deviate downward convert m to cm - =Answer>> move decimal 2 places right convert cm to mm - =Answer>> move decimal 1 place right convert m to mm - =Answer>> move decimal 3 places right convert mm to m - =Answer>> move decimal 3 places left convert mm to cm - =Answer>> move decimal 1 place left convert cm to m - =Answer>> move decimal 2 places left system of angular measurement - =Answer>> A circle= 360 degrees 1 degree= 60 minutes 1 minute= 60 seconds conversion between units of angular measurements - =Answer>>

  1. degrees to minutes: multiply degrees by 60
  2. minutes to seconds: multiply minutes by 60
  3. seconds to minutes: divide seconds by 60
  4. minutes to degrees: divide minutes by 60 Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light - =Answer>> light is small particles of energy Christian Huygens wave theory of light - =Answer>> light is a series of waves of varying lengths the speed of light - =Answer>> 186,000 miles per second (in air) visible spectrum - =Answer>> violet: 380 nm

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  1. Change the sign of the cyl
  • 2.50 becomes -2.
  1. Change the axis by 90 degrees 180 becomes 90 The amount of diopters of curvature can be determined from a radius by: - =Answer>> D= index of refration of the material - 1/radius of curvature Ex. Crown glass with a front radius of 10 cm and a back radius of 52 cm. Front: D=1.523-1/.10m=5. Back: D=1.523-1/.52=1. +5.23 + -1.00 = +4.23 (round to +4.25) (if the radii were switched, the power would be -4.25) Which color travels the fastest through a medium? - =Answer>> red What is the avg. refractive power of the cornea? - =Answer>> 43. D What is the average refractive power of the crystalline lens? - =Answer>> 17.0D What are the 3 chambers of the eye? - =Answer>> 1. anterior chamber: the space between the back of the cornea and the front of the iris
  2. posterior chamber: space between the iris and the lens
  3. vitreous chamber: largest space between the lens and the retina

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com What are the 5 layers of the cornea? (from outward in) - =Answer>> 1. Epithelium: highly regenerative

  1. Bowman's Membrane
  2. Stroma: comprising 90% of thickness
  3. Desemets Membrane
  4. Endothelium cones - =Answer>> day vision, detail, color rods - =Answer>> night vision, peripheral vision, black and white Does the eye generally contain more rods or cones? - =Answer>> 120 million rods 6 million cones Where can the greatest density of cones be found? - =Answer>> The fovea What is the index of refraction of the cornea? - =Answer>> 1. What is the index of refraction of the crystalline lens? - =Answer>>

What is the index of refraction of the aqueous humor and the vitreous humor? - =Answer>> 1. Once the optic nerves leave the eye they cross at an X like structure called the ________? - =Answer>> Optic Chasm What are the 3 tunics of the eye? - =Answer>> 1. Fibrous tunic: outer protective coat of the eye that consists of the cornea and sclera

  1. Vascular tunic: Consists of the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com The space between the cornea and iris that is filled with aqueous fluid: - =Answer>> anterior chamber The layer of the cornea which comprises 90% of its thickness - =Answer>> the stroma Refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina - =Answer>> compound hyperopic astigmatism A condition in which the refractive error of one eye differs from that of the other (both eyes have the same sign) - =Answer>> anisometropia The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to many focal points on the retina - =Answer>> irregular astigmatism The transparant colorless mass of soft, jelly-like material which fills the eyeball behind the lens - =Answer>> vitreous humor the cornea has an index of refraction of _____? - =Answer>> 1. The index of refraction of the crystalline lens - =Answer>> 1. white of the eye, composed of tough inelastic fibers tightly laced together. It resists the intraocular pressure without losing shape. - =Answer>> the sclera Acts as a diaphragm to regulate the amount of light entering the eye - =Answer>> Iris Complex tissue containing rods and cones - =Answer>> retina Average range of intraocular pressure - =Answer>> 15mm Hg - 21mm Hg

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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com What is the index of refraction of Crown Glass? - =Answer>> 1. What is the index of refraction of CR-39 plastic? - =Answer>>

What is the index of refraction of Polycarbonate? - =Answer>>

What is the index of refraction of high index plastic? - =Answer>>

The index of refraction of any material is calculatd by... - =Answer>> dividing the speed of light in air by the speed of light in the material What is the standard index of refraction used? - =Answer>> 1. Prentice Rule - =Answer>> Prism=power of lens X decentration in mm / 10 How much prism is induced 4mm away from the optical center of a +3.00D lens? - =Answer>> 3.00 X 4/10=1. Base out prism - =Answer>> Optical centers are more narrow than PD Base in prism - =Answer>> optical centers are wider than PD A patients PD was noted to be 62mm when the actual measurement is 66mm. If the power of the lenses are -2.00D in both eyes how much prism will be induced and in what direction? - =Answer>> Right eye: -2.00 X 2/10=0. Left eye: -2.00 X 2/10=0. Total: 0.8 base out because OCs are more narrow than PD

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