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fear
the central nervous system's psychological and emotional response to a serious threat to one's well-being TERM 2
anxiety
DEFINITION 2 the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger TERM 3
generalized anxiety
disorder
DEFINITION 3 a disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities. sometimes described as free-floating anxiety TERM 4
phobias
DEFINITION 4 persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation TERM 5
obsessive compulsive disorder
DEFINITION 5 feel overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety or by the need to perform repetitive actions to reduce anxiety
acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress
disorder
tormented by fear and related symptoms well after a traumatic event (for example, military, rape, torture) has ended TERM 7
realistic
anxiety
DEFINITION 7 when you're faced with actual danger TERM 8
neurotic
anxiety
DEFINITION 8 when children are repeatedly prevented, by parents or by circumstances from expressing their id impulses TERM 9
moral
anxiety
DEFINITION 9 when children are punished or threatened for expressing their id impulses TERM 10
client-centered therapy
DEFINITION 10 the humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately , and conveying genuineness
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
developed by psychologist Steven Hayes and colleagues as part of their broader treatment approach called acceptance and commitment therapy. in therapy, therapists help clients to become aware of their streams of thoughts, including their worries as they are occurring and to accept such thinking as mere events of the mind TERM 17
mindfulness meditation
DEFINITION 17 teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that flow through their minds during meditation and to accept such thoughts in a nonjudgemental way TERM 18
family pedigree study
DEFINITION 18 a research design in which investigators determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder TERM 19
benzodiazepines
DEFINITION 19 the most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax TERM 20
gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA
DEFINITION 20 the neurotransmitter whose low activity has been linked to generalized anxiety disorder
sedative-hypnotic drugs
drugs that calm people at lower dose and help them to fall asleep at higher doses TERM 22
relaxation training
DEFINITION 22 a treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations TERM 23
serotonin
DEFINITION 23 a neurotransmitter that carries messages btwn neurons. acts different that GABA TERM 24
biofeedback
DEFINITION 24 a treatment technique in which a client is given info about physiological reactions as they occur and learn to control the reactions voluntarily TERM 25
eletcromyograph (EMG)
DEFINITION 25 a device that provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in the body
modeling
a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. also, a therapy approach based on the same principles TERM 32
stimulus generalization
DEFINITION 32 a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli TERM 33
preparedness
DEFINITION 33 a predisposition to develop certain fears TERM 34
exposure treatments
DEFINITION 34 behavioral treatments in which persons are exposed to the objects or situations they dread TERM 35
systematic desensitization
DEFINITION 35 a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread
fear hierarchy
a list of objects or situations that frighten a person, starting with those that are slightly feared and ending with those that are feared greatly TERM 37
flooding
DEFINITION 37 a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless TERM 38
social skills training
DEFINITION 38 a therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through told playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviors TERM 39
panic attacks
DEFINITION 39 periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass TERM 40
panic disorder
DEFINITION 40 an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
biological challenge test
a procedure used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercisevigorouslyor perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in the presence of a researcher or therapist TERM 47
anxiety
sensitivity
DEFINITION 47 a tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful TERM 48
obsession
DEFINITION 48 a persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive, and causes anxiety TERM 49
compulsion
DEFINITION 49 a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety TERM 50
OCD
DEFINITION 50 a disorder in which a person has recurrent unwanted thoguhts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both
DSM checklist OCD
1)recurrent obsessions or compulsions2) past or present recognition that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable3)significant distress or impairment, or disruption by symptoms for more than one hour a day TERM 52
isolation
DEFINITION 52 an ego defense mechanism in which people unconsciously isolate and disown undesirable and unwanted thoughts, experiencing them as foreign intrusions TERM 53
undoing
DEFINITION 53 an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act TERM 54
reaction formation
DEFINITION 54 an ego defense mechanism whereby a person supresses an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that expresses the opposite desire TERM 55
exposure and response prevention
DEFINITION 55 a behavioral treatment for OCD that exposes a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then prevents the client from performing his or her compulsive acts.
caudate nuclei
structures in the brain, within the region known as the basal ganglia, that help convert sensory info into thoughts and actions TERM 62
stress management program
DEFINITION 62 an approach to treating generalized and other anxiety disorders that teaches clients techniques for reducing and controlling stress TERM 63
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
DEFINITION 63 the network of fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body TERM 64
endocrine system
DEFINITION 64 the system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity TERM 65
sympathetic nervous system
DEFINITION 65 the nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that quicken the heartbeat and produce other changes experienced as arousal and fear
parasympathetic nervous system
the nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help maintain normal organ functioning. they also slow organ functioning after stimulation and return other bodily porcosses to normal TERM 67
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
pathway
DEFINITION 67 one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear. at times of stress, the TERM 68
corticosteroids
DEFINITION 68 a group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress TERM 69
acute stress disorder
DEFINITION 69 an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after a traumatic event and last less than a month TERM 70
posttraumatic stress disorder
DEFINITION 70 an anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event
psychophysiological disorders
illnesses that result from an interaction of psychosocial and organic factors. also known as psychosomatic disorders TERM 77
ulcer
DEFINITION 77 a lesion that forms in the wall of the stomach or of the duodenum TERM 78
asthma
DEFINITION 78 a medical problem marked by narrowing of the trachea and bronchi, which results in shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and a choking sensation TERM 79
insomnia
DEFINITION 79 difficulty falling or staying asleep TERM 80
muscle contraction headache
DEFINITION 80 a headache caused by a narrowing of muscles surrounding the skull. also known as tension headache
migraine headache
a very severe headache that occurs on one side of the head, often preceded by a warning sensation and sometimes accompanied by dizziness, nausea, or vomiting TERM 82
hypertension
DEFINITION 82 chronic high blood pressure TERM 83
coronary heart disease
DEFINITION 83 illness of the heart caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries TERM 84
type A personality style
DEFINITION 84 a personality pattern characterized by hostility, cynicism, drivenness, impatience, competitiveness, and ambition TERM 85
type B personality style
DEFINITION 85 a personality pattern in which persons are more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time
biofeedback training
a treatment technique in which a client is given info about physiological reactions as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily TERM 92
meditation
DEFINITION 92 a technique of turning concentration inward and achieving a changed state of consciousness TERM 93
hypnosis
DEFINITION 93 a sleeplike suggestible state during which a person can be directed to act strangely, experience unusual sensations, and remember or forget events TERM 94
self-instruction training
DEFINITION 94 a cognitive treatment that teaches clients to use coping self- statements at times of stress or discomfort TERM 95
depression
DEFINITION 95 a low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt, or related symptoms
mania
a state or episode of euphoria or frenzied activity in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theird for the taking TERM 97
unipolar depression
DEFINITION 97 depression without a history of mania TERM 98
bipolar disorder
DEFINITION 98 a disorder marked by alternating of intermixed periods of mania and depression TERM 99
major depressive disorder
DEFINITION 99 a severe pattern of depression that is disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or a general medical condition TERM 100
dysthymic disorder
DEFINITION 100 a mood disorder that is similar to but longer-lasting and less disabling than a major depressive disorder
