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Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) ✔✔connected with IDEA - students spend as much time as possible mainstreamed in general education courses IEP Goals and objectives ✔✔one annual goal: 3 objectives // smaller benchmarks that the client will meet throughout the year Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ✔✔federal law passed in 1975 // required schools to provide education to eligible individuals // Purpose: FAPE - free and public education 3 term contingency ✔✔Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence Matching Law ✔✔intensity of reinforcement matches the intensity of the unexpected demand Satiation ✔✔Satisfaction "having your fill of something" deprivation ✔✔no continuous access to item
ABAT 2025 exam Questions and
Answers100% Pass
positive reinforcement ✔✔the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing of a pleasurable stimulus negative reinforcement ✔✔increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs positive punishment ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring negative punishment ✔✔A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus (or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus), that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions. schedules of reinforcement ✔✔different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired behavior continous reinforcement ✔✔a type of learning in which behavior is reinforced each time it occurs
Types of prompting ✔✔Least to most: Postural , gestural, model , visual , verbal , physical response generalization ✔✔giving a response that is somewhat different from the response originally learned to that stimulus "being able to respond with sandals, tennis shoes, heels all in response to the SD "shoes" stimulus generalization ✔✔the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response "recognizing a dog when you see it on tv , park, outside" DTT (Discrete Trial Training) ✔✔Break skills down into smaller steps , teach single discrete specific behaviors. Once specific behaviors are mastered we chain to get more complex behaviors Errorless learning ✔✔strategy that ensures the child always responds correctly serial thinking ✔✔theory that autistic children cant process more than one piece of information at a time
Functions of behavior ✔✔1. Sensory/Automatic Reinforcement
- Social Attention
- Tangibles/Access
- Escape/Avoidance Perservaration ✔✔behavior that is repetitive in nature, get stuck on reading he schedule of the day over and over again BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) ✔✔provides proactive and reactive strategies to problem behaviors // helps relate behavior reduction goals with objectives and describes the plans to meet those goals What can be created after an FBA is conducted? ✔✔BIP Functional Behavior Assessments or FBAs helps determine what relationship? ✔✔The relationship between goals and objectives.
differential reinforcement of other behaviors ✔✔withholding a reinforce for a pre-specified time interval during which the client engaged in the problem behavior and delivering reinforcer at the end of time interval during which client engaged in any other behavior. differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors ✔✔involves withholding a reinforcement from a problem behavior and delivering that reinforce for an alternative behavior differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior ✔✔procedures involving withholding a reinforcer form the problem behavior and delivering it contingent upon an incompatible behavior. PRT - Pivotal response treatment ✔✔1. motivation
- response to multiple cues
- self management.
- social initiation PBS ✔✔1. build behavior support team
- person centered planning
- functional behavioral assessment
- hypothesis development
- behavior support plan development
- monitoring outcomes TEACCH: signify transitionings ✔✔schedules, timers, visuals TEACCH: enable smoother transitions ✔✔schedules, diengagment warnings, visual cues, transtition objects or cards, ample time Skills streaming ✔✔ 4 part training approach: modeling, role playing, performance feedback and generalization ( to teach essential PROSOCIAL skills to children and teens FCT (Functional Communication Training) ✔✔involves teaching communication behaviors as replacements for problem behaviors as replacement for problem behaviors operational definition ✔✔clear, concise, complete , measurable, observable, onset , offset
How traditional models have dis-empowered individuals with disabilities ✔✔focus on deficits and problem behavior PRT (Pivotal Response Training) ✔✔primary reinforcement or operant conditioning // more naturalistic than DTT DRO Example ✔✔Student recieves a star for each interval he refrains from talking to his neighbor DRA Example ✔✔Not acknowledging a screaming child and calmly asking the child to ask nicely DRI Example ✔✔Child smashes food before eating, you ignore when smashing food, but soon as the child eats you reinforce DRL example ✔✔Dana eats too fast. This schedule would mean she could only earn reinforcement upon her taking a bite of food after a 10 second pause. Which of the following is not a component of PBS? ✔✔Inter Observer Agreement
Who coined the term behaviorism? ✔✔Watson The FBA consists of which type of assessment styles? ✔✔. Direct and indirect Which of the following would not be considered a proactive strategy? ✔✔Redirection The behavior intervention plan (BIP) provides us with what two types of strategies? ✔✔Proactive and reactive Who coined the term Autism in 1938 but did not receive credit until later? ✔✔Asperger All the following are characteristics of DTT ✔✔limited distractions, single discrete behaviors taught, adult led Functional Communication Training (FCT) ✔✔An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation (EO); involves differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). (antecedent procedure)
Backward chaining ✔✔most common used. Fade prompts from the last step, then second to last step and so on. BI prompts all beginning steps and client should independently complete the last step. Types of prompting ✔✔Positional, Gestural, Model, Visual, Verbal, Physical Positional prompt ✔✔when the target is placed closer to the individual. As the response becomes more independant the target is moved farther away from them Gestural prompt ✔✔using a physical gesture to indicated the desired resposne Visual prompt ✔✔a visual clue or picture, can be any object or printed material that can be used to teach a new behavior tact ✔✔labeling things that you see, smell hear, taste example: " you see a blue bird" - tact: " look a bird"
Echoic ✔✔something is spoken then copied example: bi says open, echoic- OPEN! Intraverbal ✔✔someone says something and you say something different in response example: dad says "what do you sleep in?" - intraverbal : A BED! mand ✔✔asking for things you want example: "you have a cookie" , Mand: "can i have cookie?" Latency ✔✔Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver. duration ✔✔time between the onset and offset of behavior Frequency ✔✔how many times it happens
how many hours of fieldwork must an abat aquire? ✔✔ 15 Preference Assessment ✔✔Aims to identify an individual's favorite things so that they can be used as rewards or potential "reinforcers" for desired behaviors Pivotal Response Training (PRT) ✔✔Derives some principles from ABA Primarily reinforcement or operant conditioning More naturalistic than DTT o 4 pivotal skill areas Motivation Response to multiple cues Self management and social initiation The purpose of a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is ✔✔what factors maintain the problem Unconditioned Reinforcer ✔✔A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning : food, warmth, water conditioned reinforcer ✔✔a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer (money, toys) Behavior escalation cycle ✔✔calm, triggers,agitation,accelaration, peak, deescalation, recovery
Whose study demonstrated that Early Intensive Behavior Intervention (EIBI) is the best practice in treating children with ASD? ✔✔lovaas Your client engages in humming throughout the entire day and becomes disruptive to other students. the child may engage in singing or dancing but you would only provide reinforcement if NO humming occurred during the 3- minute interval.???? ✔✔DRO - differential reinforcement of other behavior Only providing reinforcement when a student raises their hand instead of calling out. ✔✔DRA- differential reinforcemnt of alternative behavior If your client engages in hand flapping while on the swing, you would provide reinforcement if the child holds onto the swing with both hands. Hand flapping and holding onto the swing are incompatible behaviors, you can not do both at the same time. ✔✔DRI - differential reinforcemtn of incompatible behavior ). If a client engages in profanity 100 times per day, we could use a DRL procedure only providing reinforcement if the client engages in NO MORE than 95 instances of profanity. The
