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1. Which of the following is true concerning establishing the time and place for exchanging tokens? a. Individuals should always have access to the token store b. Individuals in the token economy should determine the time and place c. The time and place for token exchange should be planned in advance d. A specific time and place is only important when a large number of people are involved Correct Answer: c. The time and place for token exchange should be planned in advance Rationale: Establishing a clear time and place for token exchange ensures consistency and avoids confusion in the token economy. 2. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of praise in a token economy? a. Praise is a natural conditioned reinforcer for most people b. Praise is faded once the desirable behavior begins to occur regularly c. Praise is continued after the use of tokens has been discontinued d. Praise will become more potent when paired with tokens Correct Answer: b. Pra
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c. The tokens can be exchanged for back-up reinforcers d. The tokens are only exchanged after a set period of time Correct Answer : c. The tokens can be exchanged for back-up reinforcers Rationale : The main purpose of tokens in a token economy is to serve as a medium for exchange for meaningful reinforcers (back-up reinforcers), which motivates participants to accumulate tokens.
used, and when the desirable behavior begins to occur more frequently a(an) ____________ schedule of reinforcement is used to maintain the behavior. a. intermittent; continuous b. continuous; intermittent c. continuous; variable ratio d. variable interval; fixed interval
Define two party contract. - ANSWER behavioral contract where two people both outline behaviors they want to change and decide on consequences
b. the specific level of the target behavior c. consequences that will occur d. the time frame of the agreement - ANSWER a. hypotheses concerning the target behavior The first step in writing a behavioral contract is to: a. identify the contingency b. define the target behavior c. determine how the target behavior will be measured d. establish the time frame for the target behavior - ANSWER b. define the target behavior The target behavior in a behavioral contract can include ____________ behaviors. a. desirable b. undesirable c. deficit or excess d. all of these - ANSWER d. all of these
Which of the following is used in a behavioral contract to determine whether the target behavior occurred or did not occur? a. subjective evidence b. objective evidence c. verbal reports by the contractee d. all of these - ANSWER b. objective evidence Brian entered into a behavioral contract with his math tutor, in which he agreed to complete a specific number of math problems during the week. Each week Brian brings his completed math problems to his tutoring session to show that he engaged in the target behavior. Which method for measuring the target behavior is being used? a. direct observation b. written documentation c. permanent product d. primary verification - ANSWER c. permanent product In order to increase the amount of exercise that she gets, Andrea writes a behavioral contract with a fitness trainer. The trainer is always around when Andrea exercises, and measures whether Andrea meets her exercise level each week. Which method of measuring the target behavior is being used?
c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement - ANSWER d. negative reinforcement Sarah writes a behavioral contract with her parents that states she will clean the house if she comes home past her curfew. Which contingency in a behavioral contract involves providing a consequence when an undesirable behavior occurs? a. positive punishment b. negative punishment c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement - ANSWER a. positive punishment Mark writes a behavioral contract with his roommate stating that Mark will tear up one baseball card from his prized collection each week that his television viewing exceeds the level in the contract. Which contingency in a behavioral contract involves the loss of a reinforcer when an undesirable behavior occurs? a. positive punishment b. negative reinforcement c. positive reinforcement d. negative punishment - ANSWER d. negative punishment
Melissa is trying to increase the number of classes that she attends each week, so she writes a behavioral contract with the school counselor. An agreement between one person who is attempting to change a target behavior and a contract manager who implements the contingencies is referred to as a ____________ contract. a. two-party b. one-way c. bilateral d. one-party - ANSWER d. one-party Which of the following is NOT true concerning a one-party behavioral contract? a. it is used to increase and decrease behaviors b. no personal relationship between contract manager and contractee is best c. the contractee implements the contingencies d. the contract manager should not gain from the contract contingencies - ANSWER c. the contractee implements the contingencies John and Sue are trying to get their house painted, but neither of them put much time into it. They write a behavioral contract to increase the amount of time they each spend painting. If
c. a separate contingency exists for each individual's target behavior d. A and B - ANSWER c. a separate contingency exists for each individual's target behavior The negotiation of a behavioral contract involves agreement by the parties on the: a. time frame b. consequences c. level of the target behavior d. all of these - ANSWER d. all of these In a behavioral contract, the negotiated consequences of the target behavior are: a. immediate b. delayed c. non-contingent d. nonspecific - ANSWER b. delayed Which of the following is NOT true concerning a behavioral contract?
a. it is a type of antecedent manipulation b. it serves as a public commitment c. it is also referred to as a contingency contract d. it produces behavior change through simple reinforcement and punishment processes - ANSWER d. it produces behavior change through simple reinforcement and punishment processes Tommy writes a behavioral contract with his parents which states he can go to a movie on weekends if he completes his school assignments. During the week Tommy tells himself, "Do your assignments so you can go to a movie on the weekend." When Tommy makes this statement, it cues him to do his assignments. This is an example of ____________ behavior. a. self-directed b. rule-governed c. guided d. functional - ANSWER b. rule-governed Rule-governed behavior influences the target behavior in a behavioral contract by ____________ the target behavior. a. punishing b. positively reinforcing
Sally writes a behavioral contract with the school counselor in which she commits to studying 2 hours per evening. If she does (as verified by her mother), she avoids the loss of $10 that she deposited with the counselor. This is an example of a: a. one party contract b. quid pro quo contract c. parallel contract d. two party contract - ANSWER a. one party contract In what type of behavioral contract does the behavior change of one party serve as the reinforcer for the behavior change of the other party and vice versa? a. parallel contract b. dual contract c. status quo contract d. quid pro quo contract - ANSWER d. quid pro quo contract Why doesn't a behavioral contract produce behavior change through a simple reinforcement or punishment process? a. because the consequences for the behavior occur long after the behavior has occurred or failed to occur
b. because rule governed behavior replaces reinforcement or punishment processes c. because social support replaces reinforcement or punishment processes d. B and C - ANSWER a. because the consequences for the behavior occur long after the behavior has occurred or failed to occur Which of the following is a type of two party contract? a. quid pro quo contract b. parallel contract c. both of these d. none of these - ANSWER c. both of these In addition to reinforcement or punishment processes, what other processes may influence the target behavior in a behavioral contract? a. rule governed behavior b. social support c. respondent conditioning d. A and B - ANSWER d. A and B