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A&P LATEST EXAM JERSEY COLLEGE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
FOR GUARANTEED PASS
Anatomy - answer-The study of body structure question-Physiology - answer-The study of body function question-Nervous system - answer-Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs. Controls & coordinates the body. question-Endocrine system - answer-Produce hormones, regulate growth, nutrient utilization, & reproduction. Includes thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands. question-Cardiovascular system - answer-Heart and blood vessels. Pumps blood to all body tissues, bringing nutrients and necessary substances. question-Skeletal system - answer-System of 206 bones and the joints between them. Body's basic framework. question-Muscular System - answer-Attached to bones. Produce movement of skeletal system, give the body structure, protect organs, maintain posture.
question-Organ System - answer-A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. question-Integumentary System - answer-The skin and its associated structures (hair, nails, sweat & oil glands). Protects from injury and infection. question-Tissues - answer-Specialized groups of cells. question-Organs - answer-Tissues that organized together to preform the same function. question-Homeostasis - answer-State of internal balance or constancy question-regulated variable - answer-The variable that the system senses and tries to keep stable. Body temp, BP, blood gas concentration, volume and composition of fluids. question-negative feedback - answer-A primary mechanism of homeostasis. Keeps regulated variables in a normal range by reversing the upward/downward shift.
- sensor, control center, effector question-Digestive System - answer-All organs that are involved with taking in nutrients and converting them into a form that cells can use & absorb. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, sm & lg intestines, gallbladder, pancreas.
These actions restore a normal level of the regulated variable. question-Intracellular fluid - answer-Fluid inside cells question-Extracellular fluid - answer-Fluid outside the cell. Ex) Blood plasma, lymph, fluid between cells in tissues. question-Gradient - answer-A difference in specific physical or chemical values between two areas. question-Medial - answer-Toward the midline. Opposite: Lateral question-Lateral - answer-Further from the midline Opposite: Medial question-Anterior - answer-Towards the front. Opposite: Posterior question-Posterior - answer-Toward the back.
Opposite: Anterior question-Superior - answer-Above, towards the head. Opposte: Inferior question-Inferior - answer-Below/lower, toward the feet. Opposite: Superior question-Resistance - answer-All factors that inhibit flow down a particular gradient. question-Proximal - answer-Closer to a point of origin. Opposite: Distal question-Distal - answer-Further from a point of origin. Opposite: Proximal question-Frontal (coronal) Plane - answer-Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
question-Pleural Cavity - answer-Contains the lungs. Parietal Pleura: Lines the lungs. Visceral Pleura: Surface of the lungs. question-Mediastinum - answer-The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs. question-Abdominal Cavity - answer-Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, gallbladder, pancreas. Parietal peritoneum: Lines the walls of organs. Visceral peritoneum: Surface of organs. question-Pelvic Cavity - answer-contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction. question-Plasma Membrane - answer-Separates extracellular and intracellular fluid. question-Skin - answer-Separates the cells of your arm from the air question-Mucous Membrane - answer-Separates contents of digestive tract and the body's cells question-Thigh - answer-femoral
question-Antecubital - answer-front of elbow question-Inguinal - answer-Groin question-Brachial - answer-upper arm question-Antibrachial - answer-forearm question-Axillary - answer-armpit question-Tarsal - answer-ankle question-Carpal - answer-wrist question-Scapula - answer-shoulder blade question-Acromial - answer-shoulder question-calcaneus - answer-heel bone question-Pedal - answer-foot question-gluteal - answer-buttock
question-functions of the lymphatic system - answer-fluid balance, protection, and absorption of fats question-lymphatic circulation is - answer-one-way system that begins in the tissues and ends when the lymph joins the blood question-lymphatic capillaries - answer-walls (endothelium) flattened epithelial cells, more permeable, cells overlap slightly, forming one-way valves, lacteals absorb fat, arise blindly (closed at one end) question-lymphatic vessels - answer-include superficial and deep sets, right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct question-right lymphatic duct - answer-short vessel receives only lymph that comes from the body's superior right quadrant and empties into right subclavian vein near heart question-thoracic duct - answer-receives lymph from all parts of the body except those superior to the diaphragm on the right side; drains into thee left subclavian vein question-cisterna chyli - answer-first part of the thoracic duct enlarged to form cistern or a temp storage pouch question-movement of lymph toward heart is caused by: - answer-valves in lymphatic vessels contraction of lymphatic vessels skeletal muscle contraction
breathing question-roughly how many lymph nodes are in the body? - answer-about 600 question-lymphoid tissue - answer-distributed throughout the body and makes up specialized organs question-lymph nodes - answer-small masses of lymphatic tissue that filter the lymph question-lymph - answer-fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, clear fluid; question-hilum - answer-indented area that is the exit point for efferent lymphatic vessels carrying lymph out of the node question-cervical nodes - answer-located in the neck in deep and superficial groups, drain parts of head and neck question-axillary nodes - answer-located in armpits question-tracheobronchial nodes - answer-near the trachea and around the larger bronchial tubes question-mesenteric nodes - answer-found between the two layers of peritoneum that form the mesentry, 100-150 nodes
question-tonsils - answer-protect against inhaled or ingested contaminants; trap pathogens;surgery to treat if become infected or swollen and reoccurs which makes swallowing and breathing difficult question-palatine tonsils - answer-oval bodies located at each side of the soft palate; generally what one refers to as "tonsils" question-pharyngeal tonsil - answer-commonly called adenoid; located behind the nose on the posterior wall of pharynx question-lingual tonsils - answer-little mounds of lymphoid tissue at the posterior of the tongue question-lymphadenopathy - answer-disease of the lymph nodes question-lymphedema - answer-swelling that obstructs lymph flow question-four phases of respiration - answer-pulmonary ventilation, external gas exchange, gas transport in the blood, and internal gas exchange question-pulmonary ventilation - answer-exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs question-external gas exchange - answer-occurs in the lungs as oxygen diffuses from the air sacs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood to be eliminated
question-gas transport in the blood - answer-circulating blood carries gases between the lungs and the tissues, supply oxygen to the cells and bring back carbon dioxide question-internal gas exchange - answer-occurs in tissues as oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells question-Oxygen does what for our cells? - answer-helps break down nutrients question-respiration - answer-process by which oxygen is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells question-everything in the lower respiratory tract can be what - answer-life or death question-most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood - answer-asthma question-structures of the respiratory system - answer-nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura question-nostrils - answer-openings in the nose that air enters question-nasal cavities - answer-two spaces located between roof of mouth and the cranium question-nasal septum - answer-partition that separates the two nasal cavitites
question-trachea - answer-windpipe, conducts air between the larynx and the lungs; framework of separate cartilages, horseshoe shape question-the trachea divides into two bronchi: - answer-hilum and epithelial tissue lining(psuedostratified with cilia) question-lungs - answer-located on either side of the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity question-alveoli - answer-thin-walled sacs gas exchange occurs question-right lung has how many lobes - answer-three lobes question-left lung has how many lobes - answer-two lobes question-bronchioles - answer- question-bronchial tree - answer-the bronchi subdivide and branch out forming a tree-like appearance question-diaphragm - answer-muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal pelvic cavity question-pleura - answer-continuous double sac that covers each lung, serous membrane
question-parietal pleura - answer-portion attached to the chest wall question-visceral pleura - answer-portion attached to the lung surface question-pleural space - answer-space between the two pleura layers that contains a thin film of fluid that lubricates the membranes question-what is involved in respiration? - answer-ventilation of the lungs, exchange of gases at the lungs and body tissues, and transport in blood question-Inhalation - answer-drawing air into the lungs; active phase; diaphragm contracts and flattens question-as the thoracic cavity increase in size what happens to the gas pressure? - answer-the gas pressure decreases in the cavity question-exhalation - answer-passive phase; muscles relax question-spirometer - answer-an instrument for recording volumes of air inhaled and exhaled question-gas exchange requires what? - answer-a pressure gradient
question-peripheral chemoreceptors - answer-respond to oxygen level considerably below normal question-hyperpnea - answer-increase in the depth and rate of breathing question-hypopnea - answer-decrease in the rate and depth of breathing question-tachypnea - answer-excessive rate of breathing question-apnea - answer-temporary cessation of breathing question-roles of the nervous system - answer-coordinate all body systems, nerves carry messages to and from centers, brain and spinal cord act as switching centers, detects and responds to stimuli question-two divisions of Nervous System - answer-Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) question-Central Nervous System consists of - answer-Brain and spinal cord question-Peripheral Nervous System consists of - answer-cranial and spinal nerves question-Divisions of PNS - answer-somatic and autonomic nervous system
question-somatic nervous system is - answer-control: voluntary effectors: skeletal muscles question-autonomic nervous system is - answer-control: involuntary effectors: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands question-neuron's cell body - answer-contains nucleus and other organelles question-neuron's cell fibers - answer-contains dendrites that carry impulses to cell body and axons that carry impulses away from cell body question-myelin sheath - answer-fatty insulation around axons myelinated axons make up the white matter unmyelinated axons make up gray matter question-myelin sheath in the PNS - answer-formed by schwann cells and outermost cells form the neurilemma question-myelin sheath in the CNS - answer-formed by oligodendrocytes question-sensory (afferent) neurons - answer-conduct impulses to the spinal cord and the brain
