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Anatomy and Physiology: The Nervous System - Chapter 24 Study Guide, Exams of Biology

A concise overview of the nervous system, covering key concepts such as neuron types, nerve system development, brain structures, and common neurological disorders. It includes definitions and brief explanations of important terms, making it a useful study guide for students of anatomy and physiology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/14/2025

catewilliams-smith
catewilliams-smith 🇺🇸

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A&P Ch. 24 The Nervous System with 100%
Verified Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2025
nervous system - ✔✔must gather, store, and decipher both external and internal information
neurons - ✔✔motor
sensory
inter
motor neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the
muscles and glands
efferent nerves - ✔✔"carrying away"
motor neurons
sensory neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain
and spinal cord.
Lack true dendrites
afferent neurons - ✔✔"carry toward"
sensory neurons
Interneurons - ✔✔neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene
between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
nerve fiber - ✔✔axon of a neuron.
a single elongated process.
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A&P Ch. 24 The Nervous System with 100%

Verified Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2025

nervous system - ✔✔must gather, store, and decipher both external and internal information

neurons - ✔✔motor

sensory

inter

motor neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

efferent nerves - ✔✔"carrying away"

motor neurons

sensory neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Lack true dendrites

afferent neurons - ✔✔"carry toward"

sensory neurons

Interneurons - ✔✔neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

nerve fiber - ✔✔axon of a neuron.

a single elongated process.

Schwann cells - ✔✔Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the process of regenerating

tracts - ✔✔bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS

nerve system development - ✔✔begins at 6 weeks

nerve system decline - ✔✔verbal skills decline after 70.

nerve cell count decreases.

brain weight declines 10% between ages 20 or 30 - 90.

Synapse - ✔✔A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.

Central Nervous System (CNS) - ✔✔consists of the brain and spinal cord. (gray and white matter).

receives impulses from the entire body, processes the information, and responds with appropriate actions.

brain - ✔✔the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body at about 3 lbs. (Males slightly larger)

Meninges - ✔✔three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Cerebrum - ✔✔Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

composed of both gray and white matter.

cerebral hemispheres - ✔✔the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain

Lobes of the brain - ✔✔frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

encephalitis - ✔✔inflammation of the brain

migraine headache - ✔✔characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head

tension headache - ✔✔occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck

cluster headache - ✔✔pain is in and around one eye

posttraumatic headache - ✔✔Headache occurs secondary to head injury or concussion.

approximately 1/2 of all head or neck injuries lead to this type.

Huntington's disease - ✔✔Huntington's Chorea.

progressive degenerative disorder that results in uncontrolled bodily movement

Meningitis - ✔✔inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection.

Parkinson's disease - ✔✔A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors.

spinal cord injuries - ✔✔severe damage to the spinal cord that impairs the function of the spinal cord

quadriplegia - ✔✔paralysis of all four extremities

paraplegia - ✔✔paralysis from the waist down

hemiplegia - ✔✔paralysis on one side

stroke - ✔✔Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - ✔✔Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time.