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A comprehensive glossary of terms related to human anatomy and physiology, covering topics such as cell structure, processes, and disorders. It offers definitions and explanations for various biological concepts, including active transport, albinism, anabolism, anatomy, and more. Valuable for students studying human biology, providing a concise and organized resource for understanding key terms and concepts.
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active transport - ✔✔process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell
albinism - ✔✔inherited disorder that is indicated by the absence of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes
anabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work together to build things, such as creating molecules from atoms
anatomy - ✔✔study of the structure of an organism
atom - ✔✔The most basic level of the body's structure
ADHD - ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty focusing attention and organizing and completing a task, possibly caused by genetic factors
catabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work to break down larger units into smaller units, as in digestion of food
cell - ✔✔most basic unit of life; often considered the building block of the human body
cell membrane - ✔✔the outer covering of the cell which can allow some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage of other substances.
chromosomes - ✔✔microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics
cilia - ✔✔Small, hair-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell and propel substances along a cell's surface, increasing the cell's absorption ability.
cleft palate - ✔✔congenital defect in the roof of the mouth when the palatine bones of the skull do not close properly
color deficiency - ✔✔inherited, sex-linked disorder characterized by difficulty distinguishing colors, especially between reds and greens; formally called color blindness
congenital disorder - ✔✔genetic disorder that is present at birth
cystic fibrosis - ✔✔chronic, progressive disease in which mucus becomes thick, dry, and sticky and builds up and clogs passages in body organs, primarily the lungs and pancreas
cytokinesis - ✔✔division of the nuclei of the cell and distribution of organelles into two daughter cells
cytoplasm - ✔✔jellylike substance found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
DNA - ✔✔provides the cells blueprint or genetic makeup
diffusion - ✔✔dissolved particles moving from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
down syndrome (trisomy 21) - ✔✔disorder caused by an extra chromosome at the 21st chromosomal pair characterized by growth delays, sloping forehead and other physical characteristics, and mild to moderate intellectual disability
electrolyte - ✔✔an ion that is electrically charged and moves to either a negative or positive electrode
filtration - ✔✔use of mechanical pressure to diffuse dissolved particles through membranes
metabolism - ✔✔the chemical activities that are essential to maintain life; the sum of all biochemical and physiological processes that take place in the body
mitosis - ✔✔process during which a cell divides its chromosomes into two identical daughter cells, each having 23 pairs of, or 46, chromosomes
molecule - ✔✔a chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a specific chemical compound
muscular dystrophy - ✔✔one of a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscular degeneration
mutation - ✔✔change in the DNA sequence of a gene
neurons - ✔✔nerve cells
nuclear membrane - ✔✔double-layered sac that contains the nucleus of a cell
nucleus - ✔✔control center and part of the cell containing the chromosomes
organelles - ✔✔small structures within the cytoplasm of a cell
organs - ✔✔similarly functioning groups of tissues that serve a common purpose
osmosis - ✔✔for of diffusion whereby water is pulled through a semipermeable membrane, moving from areas of greater to lesser concentration
passive transport - ✔✔process in cells that doesn't require energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell
pathophysiology - ✔✔study of diseases or disorders caused by a malfunction or by age, genetic predisposition, or environmental influences
PKU - ✔✔congenital disease caused by a defect in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine
physiology - ✔✔functions and process of the body; the study of the function of an organism
RNA - ✔✔single chain of chemical bases
sickle cell anemia - ✔✔inherited chronic form of anemia in which red blood cells become sickle shaped and piled up instead of flowing freely through the blood vessels
spina bifida - ✔✔most frequently occurring, permanently disabling birth defect, resulting from the failure of the spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy
striated muscle tissue - ✔✔having a striped appearance.
forms voluntary muscle.
systems - ✔✔group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
talipes - ✔✔congenital deformity of the foot
Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔inherited disorder that attacks the nervous system usually causing death before age 5
tissues - ✔✔grouping of cells that performs a specialized function.
4 Types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve.
Pinocytosis - ✔✔means the cell "drinks" the fluid required
Nerve tissue - ✔✔has two properties: excitability and conductivity.