Download Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 20 - Body Structure and Function and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
A&P Ch. 20 Body Structure and Function with
100% Verified Solutions | Updated & Verified |
active transport - ✔✔process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell
albinism - ✔✔inherited disorder that is indicated by the absence of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes
anabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work together to build things, such as creating molecules from atoms
anatomy - ✔✔study of the structure of an organism
atom - ✔✔The most basic level of the body's structure
ADHD - ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty focusing attention and organizing and completing a task, possibly caused by genetic factors
catabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work to break down larger units into smaller units, as in digestion of food
cell - ✔✔most basic unit of life; often considered the building block of the human body
cell membrane - ✔✔the outer covering of the cell which can allow some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage of other substances.
chromosomes - ✔✔microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics
cilia - ✔✔Small, hair-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell and propel substances along a cell's surface, increasing the cell's absorption ability.
cleft palate - ✔✔congenital defect in the roof of the mouth when the palatine bones of the skull do not close properly
color deficiency - ✔✔inherited, sex-linked disorder characterized by difficulty distinguishing colors, especially between reds and greens; formally called color blindness
congenital disorder - ✔✔genetic disorder that is present at birth
cystic fibrosis - ✔✔chronic, progressive disease in which mucus becomes thick, dry, and sticky and builds up and clogs passages in body organs, primarily the lungs and pancreas
cytokinesis - ✔✔division of the nuclei of the cell and distribution of organelles into two daughter cells
cytoplasm - ✔✔jellylike substance found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
DNA - ✔✔provides the cells blueprint or genetic makeup
diffusion - ✔✔dissolved particles moving from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
down syndrome (trisomy 21) - ✔✔disorder caused by an extra chromosome at the 21st chromosomal pair characterized by growth delays, sloping forehead and other physical characteristics, and mild to moderate intellectual disability
electrolyte - ✔✔an ion that is electrically charged and moves to either a negative or positive electrode
filtration - ✔✔use of mechanical pressure to diffuse dissolved particles through membranes
metabolism - ✔✔the chemical activities that are essential to maintain life; the sum of all biochemical and physiological processes that take place in the body
mitosis - ✔✔process during which a cell divides its chromosomes into two identical daughter cells, each having 23 pairs of, or 46, chromosomes
molecule - ✔✔a chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a specific chemical compound
muscular dystrophy - ✔✔one of a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscular degeneration
mutation - ✔✔change in the DNA sequence of a gene
neurons - ✔✔nerve cells
nuclear membrane - ✔✔double-layered sac that contains the nucleus of a cell
nucleus - ✔✔control center and part of the cell containing the chromosomes
organelles - ✔✔small structures within the cytoplasm of a cell
organs - ✔✔similarly functioning groups of tissues that serve a common purpose
osmosis - ✔✔for of diffusion whereby water is pulled through a semipermeable membrane, moving from areas of greater to lesser concentration
passive transport - ✔✔process in cells that doesn't require energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell
pathophysiology - ✔✔study of diseases or disorders caused by a malfunction or by age, genetic predisposition, or environmental influences
PKU - ✔✔congenital disease caused by a defect in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine
physiology - ✔✔functions and process of the body; the study of the function of an organism
RNA - ✔✔single chain of chemical bases
sickle cell anemia - ✔✔inherited chronic form of anemia in which red blood cells become sickle shaped and piled up instead of flowing freely through the blood vessels
spina bifida - ✔✔most frequently occurring, permanently disabling birth defect, resulting from the failure of the spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy
striated muscle tissue - ✔✔having a striped appearance.
forms voluntary muscle.
systems - ✔✔group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
talipes - ✔✔congenital deformity of the foot
Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔inherited disorder that attacks the nervous system usually causing death before age 5
tissues - ✔✔grouping of cells that performs a specialized function.
4 Types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve.
Pinocytosis - ✔✔means the cell "drinks" the fluid required
Nerve tissue - ✔✔has two properties: excitability and conductivity.
