Download A&P - Airframe Oral Exam (Jeppesen) Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/25 and more Exams Aviation in PDF only on Docsity!
A&P - Airframe Oral Exam (Jeppesen)
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Latest Version 2024 | Verified
What is the function of a vortex generator? - ✔✔It is designed to delay of prevent separation of the boundary layer. What are the three axes of an airplane? - ✔✔Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical. What are the three primary flight controls of an aircraft? - ✔✔The ailerons, elevators, and rudder. Name several secondary flight controls and describe their general purpose? - ✔✔Secondary flight controls consist of various types of trim tabs such as balance tabs, anti-servo and servo tabs, and spring tabs. Their function is to assist the pilot in moving the controls and to trim the aircraft to fly hands-off. Name several types of auxiliary flight controls and describe their general purpose? - ✔✔The auxiliary flight controls consist of the various high-lift devices used during low-speed flight such as leading and trailing edge flaps, slats, slots, speed brakes, etc. What is a servo trim tab? - ✔✔It is an auxiliary control, positioned by the movement of a primary control and designed to create aerodynamic forces to assist in moving a control surface. What is a spring tab? - ✔✔It is an auxiliary control designed to aid the movement of a primary control at high speeds when control forces become too high. What is a balance trim tab? - ✔✔It is an auxiliary control designed to create aerodynamic forces to assist in moving a control surface. The tab is positioned by a control rod connected to the fixed surface on the same side as the horn an the tab. What are four most common types of high lift devices? - ✔✔Leading and trailing edge flaps, slats, and slots.
Describe some of the tools used to check control surface travel? - ✔✔A universal propeller protractor or specal control surface protractor. Name three mechanical methods by which flight control systems may be actuated. - ✔✔Cables, push- pull rods, and torque tubes. What is a fairlead? - ✔✔It is a device to prevent a cable from rubbing on the aircraft strcture. What are the most likely places for a control cable to wear or break? - ✔✔Where the cables pass over pulleys or through fairleads. What information is required before a cable rigging chart can be used? - ✔✔The ambient temperature and the cable size. What is the function of a cable tension regulator? - ✔✔It automatically adjusts the cable tension to compensate for expansion and contraction in the aircraft structure. Describe the function of rotorcraft collective pitch control. - ✔✔The collective control causes each rotor blade to change its pitch angle by the same amount, thus increasing or decreasing the lift produced by the rotor. Describe the function of a rotorcraft cyclic pitch control. - ✔✔The cyclic control tilts the main rotor disc by by changing the pitch angle of each rotor blade during its cycle of rotation, which causes the helicopter to move in the direction the rotor tilts. What mechanism is most commonly used to compensate for the torque produced by the main rotor of a helicopter? - ✔✔The tail (or anti-torque) rotor. How is the amount of thrust produced by the tail rotor controlled? - ✔✔By moving the foot pedals.
Describe the process for determining the total length of a solid rivet for a particular installation. - ✔✔Add the grip length (thickness or the materials being joined) plus 1-1/2 times the rivet diameter. What minimum edge distance and spacing should be used for a single row of protruding head rivets? - ✔✔Not less than two rivet diameters from the edge and not less than three rivet diameters apart. How can a mechanic determine whether the countersink for a flush rivet should be dimpled or drilled? - ✔✔By the thickness of the top sheet; thin sheets are dimpled while thick sheets may be countersunk. What action is taken to prevent cracks from forming while dimpling magnesium or some hard sheet metals? - ✔✔Hot dimpling equipment is used to preheat and soften the metal before the dimple is formed. What type of damage can occur when using a rivet set that does not properly fit the rivet? - ✔✔If the radius of the set is too small, the rivet head may be damaged, whereas a set with an over-sized radius may cause damage to the sheet metal. Why is it important to use the proper size and weight bucking bar when performing sheet metal riveting?
- ✔✔If a bucking bar is too large or heavy it may be difficult to control and may cause damage to the surrounding structure, whereas a bucking bar that is too light will not properly upset the rivet before work hardening occurs. What procedures should be followed to properly remove a solid-shank rivet? - ✔✔Center punch the rivet and then drill just to the base of the rivet head with the same size or one size smaller drill. Once drilled, use a pin punch to tip off the rivet head and drive the remaining shank out of the hole while supporting the surrounding metal. What are the two special calculations that must be made bending sheet metal? - ✔✔Bend allowance and setback. What factors must be considered in order to determine setback? - ✔✔The thickness of the metal and the bend radius.
What is done to a corner where two bends intersect to prevent cracking? - ✔✔Relief holes are drilled in the corner. What are the two reasons for installing a lightening hole in the sheet metal? - ✔✔Lightening holes reduce the weight and increase stiffness. Describe a joggle and explain its function. - ✔✔A joggle is an offset formed at an intersection of two or more sheets of metal to allow the multiple sheets to be stacked flat against each other. When repairing an all-metal aircraft, how do you determine what metal should be used? - ✔✔Always use metal of the same type and thickness as the original structure. What are three forms of wood commonly used in aircraft construction? - ✔✔Solid, laminated, and plywood. What type of wood should be used when splicing or reinforcing plywood webs? - ✔✔The same type of plywood as originally used. Name at least four different types of defects found in wood? - ✔✔Knots, checks, splits, pitch pockets, cross grain, curly grain, decay, dry rot, etc.. Can a section of wood containing a hard knot be used? - ✔✔Yes, within specified limits. What type of glue may have been used in older wooden aircraft construction that requires careful inspection to detect deterioration? - ✔✔Casein glue. What are the three types of glue uses in modern aircraft construction and repair? - ✔✔Resorcinol glue, Phenol-formaldehyde glue, and epoxy resin glue. Is compression wood acceptable for structural repairs? - ✔✔No.
Describle the characteristics of a scarf joint. - ✔✔The pieces to be joined are tapered or beveled on a slope of 1 to 10 or 1 to 12. Why must the beveled cut be accurate on both pieces of wood being repaired with a scarfed joint? - ✔✔The two pieces must match exactly to ensure a tight joint. What are the two primary uses for plywood in aircraft construction? - ✔✔Gusset (or reinforcing) plates and aircraft skin. Provide examples of at least three types of plywood skin repairs. - ✔✔Splayed patches, surface patches, plug patches, and scarfed patches. What type of patch should be used to repair small holes in thin plywood skin if the skin is less than 1/10th inch thick? - ✔✔A splayed patch may be used if the hole can be cleared out to a diameter of less than 15 thicknesses of the skin. What should be done to prevent a plywood patch and the pressure plate from sticking together if glue is extruded from the joint? - ✔✔Place a piece of waxed paper or vinyl plastic between the patch and the pressure plate. Why are lightweight steel bushings sometimes used in wooden structures? - ✔✔Bushings prevent the wood from being crushed when bolts are tightened. What is the purpose of large surface area washers when used on wooden structeres? - ✔✔Large washers provide additional bearing area for hardware to help preclude damage to the wood when the hardware is tightened. Name several facings and core materials used in bonded honeycomb structures intended for special applications. - ✔✔Stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, plywood, glass, nylon, and cotton cloth. Describe the construction of a bonded honeycomb structure. - ✔✔It is a laminated structure that has a solid facing bonded to either side of a core consisting of open, six-sided cells.
What must be done with a damaged area in a bonded honeycomb structure prior to beginning repairs? - ✔✔The damaged area must be completely removed. A drill bit used for drilling composites should have an included angle of how many degrees? - ✔✔ 135 degrees. What are the most common causes for delamination of a composite structure? - ✔✔Sonic vibration, expansion of internal moisture, liquid leakage, and a manufacturing error. What type of defect in, or damage to, a bonded honeycomb structure can be repaired using the potted repair method? - ✔✔Filling a hole. Name some of the factors that cause crazing in transparent plastic windows and windshields? - ✔✔Exposure to ultraviolet light, stress, solvents, and improper handling. How should a hole be drilled in Plexiglas to avoid damage to the hole when the drill breaks through to the underside? - ✔✔Back up the plastic with a piece of wood and feed the drill slowly. Name the three principle types of welding. - ✔✔Gas welding, electric arc welding, and electric resistance welding. What are some advantages of gas shielded arc welding? - ✔✔The weld is stronger, more ductile, and more corrosion resistant. Which method of welding is less likely to cause buckling or warping of thin metal sheets? - ✔✔Electric arc (or TIG) welding. What is the purpose of shielding an arc weld with an inert gas? - ✔✔The gas prevents atmospheric oxygen and/or nitrogen from contaminating the weld. What is common method of controlling expansion when welding a joint? - ✔✔Place tack welds along the length of the joint.
When a gas welding project is completed, what safety precautions should be accomplished? - ✔✔All the valves are turned off and the gas pressures are relieved. What should be done to a heat-treated aluminum part after welded repairs are completed? - ✔✔The part must be re-heat treated. Welding magnesium can create a serious safety hazard. What is the nature of this hazard? - ✔✔Magnesium burns with a very hot flame that is very hard to extinguish. What technique might be used to enable a tight-fitting inner sleeve to be inserted into a tubular repair? - ✔✔The inner tube could be chilled with dry ice or in a freezer while the outer tube could be heated slightly with a torch. Aircraft covering fabrics are made of material from what two sources? - ✔✔Organic materials and synthetic materials. How would you determine the strength requirements for fabric used to re-cover an aircraft? - ✔✔The fabric must be of at least the quality and strength of the fabric used by the orginal manufacturer. What two types of organic fibers are used for covering aircraft? - ✔✔Cotton and linen. What is meant by warp, weft, and bias? - ✔✔Warp is the direction along the length of the fabric, weft is the direction across the the fabric at right angles to the warp, and bias is a direction at a 45 degree angle to the warp and weft. What is the purpose of the selvage edge on a roll of fabric? - ✔✔It prevents the fabric from unraveling. What identification marking is found on the selvage edge, and in which direction is the warp applied? - ✔✔The FAA-PMA stamp is found on the selvage edge and the warp is applied parallel to the line of flight.
How are the fabric type and strength requirements determined for fabric-covered aircraft? - ✔✔The original manufacturer determines the fabric type, and the strength requirements are a function of the never-exceed speed and wing loading. What types of synthetic fibers are used for covering aircraft? - ✔✔Fiberglass and heat-shrinkable polyester fibers. Which of the several types of fabric is unaffected by moisture and mildew? - ✔✔Fiberglass. What is the function or purpose of reinforcing tape? - ✔✔Reinforcing tape is used between the fabric and the rib stitching to prevent the lacing cord from cutting through the fabric. Where would you use surface tape? - ✔✔Over rib stitching and sewed seams, over lapped edges, around corners, and along leading and trailing edges. How should the edges of drainage, inspection, and ventilation holes be reinforced? - ✔✔With plastic, aluminum, or brass grommets. What are the principle methods used to test the condition of fabric? - ✔✔Punch testers such as the Maule or Seybolt tester, and laboratory pull-testing. Fabric is considered unairworthy when it has deteriorated to what percentage of its original strength? - ✔✔Less than 70%. How should a structure that will be covered with doped fabric be prepared following inspection and prior to covering? - ✔✔Treat it with a protective coating of paint or varnish as appropriate. What is the principal advantage of the envelope method for covering wings? - ✔✔Almost all the seams are machine-sewed by envelope supplier. What is a tie-off knot? - ✔✔A standard, modified seine knot used on all stitches except the starting stitch.
Name several common types of paint used on aircraft? - ✔✔Zink-chromate and wash primers, synthetic enamels, acrylic lacquer, and poyurethane. What is the proper thinner to use with zink-chromaate primer? - ✔✔Toluene What health and safty precautions must be observed when using the toxic solvents and hinners that are part of modern finishing systems? - ✔✔Respirators and/or masks must be worn when spraying finishes. If spray painting dust causes a surface to appear dry and rough, what are the most likely causes? - ✔✔Too much air pressure or the spray gun is too far from the surface being painted. What causes"orange-peel"? - ✔✔Spray pressure too high, use or a thinner that dries too fast, cold temperatures, or a damp draft over the surface. What regulation governs the application of the registration numbers to aircraft registers in the United States? - ✔✔Far part 45 Other than appearance, what is another reason for touvhing up painted surfaces? - ✔✔Reduction or wlimination of general corrosion problems. What references should be used to determine if a control surface must be checked and/or rebalanced after painting? - ✔✔The manufacturers service manual. What would be the effect if dope was used over paint or enamel? - ✔✔The dope tends to dissolve these materials. What are the three most commonly used methods of applying paint? - ✔✔Dipping, brushing, and spraying. What is the effect on paint finishes if tpp mush drier is added to the paint? - ✔✔The paint film will be brittle and tend to crack and peel.
what paint system may be used with epoxy topcoats? - ✔✔Any paint system in good condition. What could cause an AC electric motor to run too fast? - ✔✔Excessive applied voltage or shorted feild winding. What tool is used to check a motor or generator armature for shorts and opens under load conditions? - ✔✔A growler When using a Growler, what idication occur when a short exists between an armature segment? - ✔✔When a metal blade is held over the armature and a short exists in a seglment, the blade will begin to vibrate and "chatter'. How is the output voltage of an alternator controlled? - ✔✔By varying the field current that excites the alternator. What instruments are used to monitor electrical system loads? - ✔✔Ammeters and Voltmeters. How would you identify a specific wire in a wire bundle? - ✔✔By the identifivation code marked on the wire. What tool would you use to determine the size of an unmarked wire? - ✔✔A wire gauge. What color are the navigation lights on the wingtips? - ✔✔The left wintip is red, the right is green. Name severl types of electrical devices the would be considered intermittent loads on an elevtrical system. - ✔✔LAnding gear, cowl and wing flaps motors, radio transmitters. Why would it be necessary to analyze an eelctrical system before increasing the load on the system? - ✔✔To determine that the generator capacity, wire size, and protective device capacity will not be exceeded.
What should be done when making bonding or grounding connections between dissimilar materials? - ✔✔Use a suitable washer so that any corrosion will occur an the washer. Prior to making a continuity chec, what must be done to electrical circuit? - ✔✔The power must be turned off. What materials form the bases of the three types of hydraulicfluids? - ✔✔Vegetable, mineral, and phosphate-esters. What colors denote mineral based and phosphate-ester hydraulic fluids? - ✔✔Mineral based fluids are red and phosphate-ester based fluids are light purple. What are the results of exposing lacquers, oil-based paint, plastic resins, and vinyl compounds to phosphate-ester-based hydraulic fluid? - ✔✔The materials will be damaged and/or softened, or the paint will peel. NAme several sources used to develop hydraulic pressure. - ✔✔Hand pump, engine-driven pumps, and electrically driven pumps. What would cause the bypass valve in a hydraulic filter to open and allow unfiltered fluid to circulate in the system? - ✔✔A clogged filter element. Describe several methods of pressurizing a hydraulic reservoir. - ✔✔Engine bleed air, system pressure acting on a small piston inthe reservoir, using variable-displacement hydraulic pumps. what feature prevents engine damage if an engine-driven hydraulic pump seizes or is overloaded? - ✔✔A shear section in the pump driveshaft will break, disconnecting the pump from the engine. Describe the purpose of a pressure relief valve. - ✔✔Pressure relief valves limit the maximum pressure produced by the pump, thereby preventing failures of the system components.
Engine-driven pumps deliver the output fluid in what two forms? - ✔✔As a constant volume or a vatiable volume. Describe the operation of a gear-type pump. - ✔✔Two meshed gears, driven by a power source, rotate in a housing. Inlet fluid is carried around the outside of the gears and delivered to the outlet side as the gears rotate. Describe the purpose regulators manage the output of the pump to maintain system pressure. - ✔✔They allow the pump to be unloaded so it turns without significant resistance. what is the device that is used in some systems to supplement the pump output during periods of high demand? - ✔✔An accumulator. What are the three types of accumulators? - ✔✔Piston, diaphragm, and bladder. What safty precautions must be taken prior to dissembling an accumulator? - ✔✔Release all of the air or preload. Whaen a hydraulic unit is replaced, what precautions should be taken to avoid contamination of the system? - ✔✔All lines should be capped or plugged immediately after they are disconnected. What types of components or systems are pneumatically operated in some aircraft? - ✔✔landing gear, brakes, flaps, and other mechanical actuators. Name several sources of pneumatic power. - ✔✔Storage bottles, engine bleed air , engine-driven compressors or vane-type pumps. What happens to ecess pressure in a pnumatic system? - ✔✔A relief valve vents it overboard. What is the function of a restrictor in a pneumatic system? - ✔✔To control the rate of flow of the airflow.
What are the most common sources of power used to extend and retract landing gear? - ✔✔Hydraulic pressure and ellctric motors. At what times should a gear retraction check be performed? - ✔✔During annual or other inspections and following a hard landing. What mechanism ensure that a nose wheel is not turned as it retracts into wheelwell? - ✔✔Internal centering cams in the strut or an external track. Name several types of brake actuating systems. - ✔✔Independent master cylinders, boosted brakes, and power-controlled brakes. What is the function of an anti-skid system? - ✔✔Anti-skid system allows large aircraft to achieve maximum braking effectiveness without allowing wheels to skid or lock. What is the purpose of a debooster? - ✔✔To resuce hydraulic system high pressure to a lower for more satisfactory brake action. Describe two methods of bleeding brakes. - ✔✔Apressure pot can be attached to the bleeder valve and fluid forced back towards the master cylinder and/or reservoir, or the master cylindre can be used for forcing fluid from the reservoir to the brakes. Before a brake system can be inspected for leaks, what action must be accomplished? - ✔✔Pressure must be applied to the system. What maintenance function has the greatest impact on tire service life? - ✔✔ensuring that the tires are properly inflated. What effects does under-inflation have on aircraft tires? - ✔✔Internal heat damage possibly leading to premature tire failure, and more tread wear on the shoulders than in the center. What unit in an anyi-skid system generates the anti-skid warning signal? - ✔✔The control unit.
How is a pilot alerted that an anti-skid system has automatically returned to a manual brake system? - ✔✔By a warning light. What is the significance of an anti-skid warning? - ✔✔The system is off or has failed. By what usual means does the stall warning system in a small aircraft alert the pilot of an impending stall? - ✔✔An audible alert and/or a warning light. What devices are used to provide warnings for a retractable landing gear system? - ✔✔A horn or other aural device, and a red warning light or lights. How can a pilot determine that the landing gear is down and locked? - ✔✔Agreen light or lights and/or another type of visual indicator. Name at least two conditions that would activate a takeoff configuration warning system in a jet tramsport aircraft. - ✔✔Incorrect leading or lrailing edge flap posistion, stabilizer position, or speed brake not stowed. The manufacturer may establish other conditions. What landing gear positions must be indicated by regulations? - ✔✔Down and locked and up and locked. Under what conditions will a landing gear aural warning sound? - ✔✔When the throttle is retarded and the landing gear is not down and locked. How does a takeoff configuration warning diiffer from a landing gear warninig? - ✔✔Takeoff warnings are usually an intermittent horns while gear warnings are steady. What is the function of a Mach airspeed warning system? - ✔✔To alert the pilot that the never-exceed airspeed limit has been reached or exceeded. What systems are commonly used to activate the landing gear warning system? - ✔✔The throttles(thrust levers) and the wing flaps.
