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A New Religion - Medieval History - Exam 1 Review Notes | HIST 107, Exams of World History

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Whalen; Class: REC; Subject: HISTORY; University: University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill; Term: Summer 1 2015;

Typology: Exams

2014/2015

Uploaded on 06/18/2015

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SSI (5/22/15)
EXAM ONE
Sallie Oliver
1. A New Religion
When the Christian religion emerged offering terms of “the elect” rather than “the elite”
many without direct authority were drawn to its moral power. In map 1.2 (SH 7) this is evidenced
by the representation of the Christian Churches established prior to the year 304 when Diocletian
persecuted its worshipers. The concentration of Christian foundations was mainly seen in the
Eastern half of the Empire due to higher populace that helped spread its teachings. This map
exemplifies the significance of the Edict of Milan issued by Constantine in 313 as a proclamation
to religious freedom. In this map churches served “ten percent of the population” (CN 5/21); thus
it is imperative to note the rapid popularization of Christianity within such a short period of time.
These changes brought on by Christianity established new roles and identities while transforming
governmental structure.
2. An Empire In Spite of Itself
The Carolingian government c 800 admired Roman tradition and in particular sought to
establish a scholarly resurgence. Plate 3.5 (SH 104) exemplifies this by showing a page from a
liturgical book presenting a Sacramentary. Musical notations are above the letters showing an
attempt at standardization of the empire.
2. Public Power and Private Relationships
The excellence of an empire was typically dependent on centralized politics, salaried
armies, and enforced tax systems. Of course the Roman Empire had such luxuries yet Rosenwein
points out in Short History that over time the same geographical area of Francia, citizen’s security
experienced great instability due to a series of invasions. Nevertheless, social systems developed
to create economic dependencies and a sense of public order in the tenth century. This was “key”
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SSI (5/22/15)

EXAM ONE

Sallie Oliver

  1. A New Religion When the Christian religion emerged offering terms of “the elect” rather than “the elite” many without direct authority were drawn to its moral power. In map 1.2 (SH 7) this is evidenced by the representation of the Christian Churches established prior to the year 304 when Diocletian persecuted its worshipers. The concentration of Christian foundations was mainly seen in the Eastern half of the Empire due to higher populace that helped spread its teachings. This map exemplifies the significance of the Edict of Milan issued by Constantine in 313 as a proclamation to religious freedom. In this map churches served “ten percent of the population” (CN 5/21); thus it is imperative to note the rapid popularization of Christianity within such a short period of time. These changes brought on by Christianity established new roles and identities while transforming governmental structure.
  2. An Empire In Spite of Itself The Carolingian government c 800 admired Roman tradition and in particular sought to establish a scholarly resurgence. Plate 3.5 (SH 104) exemplifies this by showing a page from a liturgical book presenting a Sacramentary. Musical notations are above the letters showing an attempt at standardization of the empire.
  3. Public Power and Private Relationships The excellence of an empire was typically dependent on centralized politics, salaried armies, and enforced tax systems. Of course the Roman Empire had such luxuries yet Rosenwein points out in Short History that over time the same geographical area of Francia, citizen’s security experienced great instability due to a series of invasions. Nevertheless, social systems developed to create economic dependencies and a sense of public order in the tenth century. This was “key”

(SH 131) in the notion of military service and public incentive. Historians coined the term “feudalism” in describing the relations between lords, vassals, and feodum. Personal dependency as Rosenwein argues was vital to the political, social, and economic organizations while separating gradations of power. Through three orders including “those who pray ( oratores ), those who fight ( bellatores ), and those who work ( laboratores )” complex networks of subordination allowed for meaningful power ties. (SH 131) A vassal served a lord voluntarily in hopes to gain public honor and fief. For poor vassals, the lords chose to shelter their workers in return for loyalty. Typically, an “homage” was paid to the lord as a ceremonial device where the vassal promised fealty and is sometimes referred to as the “passing of the hands” (CN 5/20) when the lord placed his hands on the head of a kneeling vassal-to-be. It was a sacred exchange. In regards an abbot relations these practices of “homage” to a lord were quite different because even abbots themselves sometimes served as vassals. In The Agreement between Count William of Aquitaine and Hugh of Lusignan, it is evidenced that empty promises had little to no consequence for a lord. Their power was in the sensitive balance of political relations regardless. Strong start, maybe ran out of time?

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