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A Level Accounting: Understanding Sources of Finance and Income Statements, Lecture notes of Accounting

An introduction to sources of finance in A Level Accounting, including owner's capital, partners' capital, bank overdraft, bank loan, mortgage, ordinary shares, and debentures. Students are expected to learn the definition, features, advantages, and disadvantages of each source. Additionally, the document covers the layout, key terms, and formulae of an income statement, as well as tasks to complete for various businesses and calculating profitability ratios.

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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A Level Accounting Summer Independent Learning Activity
Sources of Finance
Welcome to A Level Accounting! As part of your studies in this subject, you need to
learn about sources of finance.
A ‘source of finance’ is a place from where a business obtains the money (also
known as ‘capital) to operate.
You are expected to know about the following sources of finance: owner’s capital
(owner’s savings); partners’ capital; bank overdraft; bank loan; mortgage; ordinary
shares; debentures
For each source of finance above, you’ll need to know a definition, the features of
the source of finance, and the advantages and disadvantages each source of
finance to the business.
Task 1
Open up a word document and create a table like the one below. Using the links
over the page, complete the table for each source of finance. These should then be
printed and brought to your first class when you begin college in September.
Type of finance: Owner’s Capital
Definition/ general description
Advantages
Disadvantages
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A Level Accounting Summer Independent Learning Activity Sources of Finance Welcome to A Level Accounting! As part of your studies in this subject, you need to learn about sources of finance. A ‘source of finance’ is a place from where a business obtains the money (also known as ‘capital) to operate. You are expected to know about the following sources of finance: owner’s capital (owner’s savings); partners’ capital; bank overdraft; bank loan; mortgage; ordinary shares; debentures For each source of finance above, you’ll need to know a definition, the features of the source of finance, and the advantages and disadvantages each source of finance to the business. Task 1 Open up a word document and create a table like the one below. Using the links over the page, complete the table for each source of finance. These should then be printed and brought to your first class when you begin college in September. Type of finance: Owner’s Capital Definition/ general description Advantages Disadvantages

A general introduction to sources of finance http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zmj7tfr/revision/ Owner’s capital & partners’ capital https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/finance-personal-sources-of-finance-for- a-startup https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-partnerships Bank Overdraft & Bank Loan https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/sources-of-finance-bank-overdraft https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/sources-of-finance-bank-loans Ordinary shares https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/finance-introduction-to-raising-equity- finance Debentures https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/debentures https://www.tutor2u.net/business/blog/sources-of-finance-debentures-in-action Task 2 Once you’ve got the required knowledge of each source of finance, the key skill you need is the ability to compare and contrast different sources of finance, in order to decide whether that particular source will benefit the business or not. A popular comparison is between money from shares (share capital) and money that comes from loans or debentures (loan capital) Using the information from task 1, Analyse (explain) the differences, and similarities between loan and share capital. Make a judgement as to which you think is best for a business. Bring this to your lesson in September.

Business F 25 650 4 950 13 750 11 550 (3 450) Task 3 The following balances have been recorded by the bookkeeper of John Adams at 31st December 2017. £ £ Inventory at 1st^ January 2017 (opening inventory) 14 350 Purchases 114 472 Revenue (Sales) 259 688 Office rent 13 718 Heating and Lighting 12 540 Wages and Salaries 42 614 Vehicle Expenses 5 817 Advertising 6 341 Inventory at 31st^ December 2017 is valued at £16 280 (closing inventory) You are to prepare the Income Statement of John Adams for the year ended 31st^ December

Task 4 The following balances have been recorded by the bookkeeper of Clare Lewis as at 31st December 2018. £ £ Revenue (Sales) 144 810 Purchases 96 318 Inventory at 1st^ January 2018 (Opening inventory) 16 010 Salaries 18 465

Heating and Lighting 1 820 Rent and Business rates 5 647 Sundry Expenses 845 Vehicle Expenses 1 684 Inventory at 31st^ December 2018 (Closing inventory) is valued at £13 735. You are to prepare the Income Statement of Clare Lewis for the year ended 31st^ December 2018 Profitability Ratios A business uses the income statement to analyse its progress by comparing its performance from one year to the last. It can then see whether it is improving, by making more profit, or deteriorating by making less profit. This analysis helps the business to make decisions. It does this by calculating some ratios. See slide 17 Task 5 Learn the profitability ratios Task 6 Using the income statement created for Clare Lewis, calculate the following profitability ratios: I. Gross profit margin II. Gross profit mark up III. Expenses in relation to revenue IV. Profit in relation to revenue Bring your work for tasks on sources of finance and income statements, tasks 2, 3, 4 and 6 to college on your first day Good luck and see you soon The Accounting Team at New College Learning Trust