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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Thomson; Class: General Microbiology; Subject: Biology; University: San Mateo County Community College District Office; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Study notes
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Biol 240 S
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Biol 240 S
3
unaided eye.
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Biol 240 S
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Pre Carl Woese–
life was classified into5 Kingdoms based onobservable differences(macroscopic)
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Plants, Fungi, Animals,Protista, and Monera(bacteria)
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1978 Woese created 3‘Domain’ System basedupon fundamentaldifferences betweencells–
Bacteria
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Archaea
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Eukarya
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Viruses
List and briefly describe 5 different types of organisms that are generally referred to as‘microbes’? Name the 3 domains of life identified by Carl Woese in 1978. What characteristics didhe use (and are still used today) to distinguish the three domains?Explain why viruses are not classified in any of the same categories as any of the othergroups of microbes. Are viruses living or non-living?
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Biol 240 S
7
believed thatmicroorganismssprang from food
from moist soil
Compare the theory of spontaneous generation, and the theory of biogenesis. Whichtheory was supported by the research of Francesco Redi?
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Biol 240 S
From where did the maggots come?What was the purpose of the sealed jars?S
Maggots appeared
3 open jars
No maggots
3 jars covered withfine net
Results
Conditions
Compare the theory of spontaneous generation, and the theory of biogenesis. Whichtheory was supported by the research of Francesco Redi?
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Biol 240 S
9
From where did the microbes come?S
Microbial growth
Nutrient brothheated, then placed insealed flask
Results
Conditions
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Biol 240 S
10
Figure 1.
Briefly explain how Louis Pasteur’s experiments disproved the prevailing theory ofspontaneous generation. Illustrate your answer with a diagram of his experimental setup.
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Biol 240 S
13
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The same pathogen must bepresent in every case of thedisease
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The pathogen must be isolatedfrom the diseased host andgrown in pure culture
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The pathogen from the pureculture must cause the diseasewhen it is inoculated into ahealthy, susceptible animal
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The pathogen must be isolatedfrom the inoculated animal andmust be shown to be theoriginal organism
How did Robert Koch contribute to our understanding of what factors cause diseases?
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Biol 240 S
Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates
.
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Biol 240 S
15
www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/ j/e/jel5/micro/art.htm
Discuss the hypothesis developed by Ignaz Semmelweis following observations madewhile working in an obstetrics ward in 19th century Austria. Describe how he tested hishypothesis and how these insights are still in use today.
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Biol 240 S
16
Lister
pw1.netcom.com/~aguldo/ agga/bt/txt/bt1899.htm
www.umanitoba.ca/.../medicine/ history/lister/anessurg.html
Discuss how Joseph Lister applied germ theory to medical procedures and how hisinsights are still used in medicine today.
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Biol 240 S
19
Noticed halo ofinhibition ofbacterial growth
-^
Mold
Inhibition due toPenicillin
Briefly describe how Alexander Fleming ‘discovered’ Penicillin, and how did herecognize it as an antibiotic.
Slide 20
Biol 240 S
10x more bacteriathan human cells
in large intestine,mouth, skin,nose/throat
biological functions
What is your normal microbiota, and describe how we benefit from their presence in andon our bodies.
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Biol 240 S
21
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Health
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Balance betweenmicrobial populationand microbialpopulations
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Disease
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Imbalance
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Immune system andnormal microbiotaoverwhelmed bypathogens
What is the distinction between health and disease?
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Biol 240 S
evolved over millionsof years to protectus from diseases– Viruses, bacteria,
parasites, fungi
ImmunodeficiencyVirus) attacks HumanImmune System– CD4 Helper T cells
Explain the connection between HIV and AIDS.
