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In the 1940s, Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod conducted an experiment to explain why heat-killed lethal bacteria could transform nonlethal bacteria into lethal ones. They destroyed the protein and DNA in separate parts of the heat-killed bacteria and mixed each part with nonlethal bacteria. The mice injected with the DNA-free sample lived, while those injected with the protein-free sample died. This experiment provided evidence for the role of DNA in heredity.
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Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod were giants in the field of genetics research. In the 1940 s, they tried to explain a strange phenomena: When they killed lethal (deadly) strep bacteria and mixed them with nonlethal strep bacteria, the nonlethal strain became deadly. And this now-deadly strain had offspring that were all lethal as well. What substance changed the nonlethal bacteria into lethal bacteria? Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod carried out the following experiment: They heat-killed a sample of lethal bacteria, then divided it into 2 parts. In one of the parts, they destroyed all the protein. In the other, they destroyed all the DNA. Then they mixed each part with nonlethal bacteria and injected the samples into mice. The mice injected with the protein-free sample died. The mice injected with the DNA-free sample lived
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