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Information on the light-dependent reactions and the calvin cycle in photosynthesis. It includes true or false questions, explanations, and a diagram. The light-dependent reactions involve the absorption of light by photosystems, the generation of atp and nadph, and the electron transport chain. The calvin cycle, or light-independent reactions, uses atp and nadph to produce sugars from carbon dioxide.
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For Questions 1–5, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
Light-Dependent Reactions Summary
Photosystem II Photosystem II^ absorbs light and increases the electrons’ energy level. The electrons are passed to the electron transport chain. Enzymes in the thylakoid break up water molecules into 2 electrons, 2 H+ ions, and 1 oxygen atom. The 2 electrons replace the high-energy electrons that have been lost to the electron transport chain. Electron Transport Chain
Energy from the electrons is used by the proteins in the chain to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space. At the end of the electron transport chain, the
Photosystem I The electrons do not contain as much energy as they used to. Pigments use energy from light to reenergize the electrons. At the end of a short second electron transport chain, NADP + molecules in the stroma pick up the high- energy electrons, along with H+ ions, at the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane, to become NADPH. Hydrogen Ion Movement and ATP Formation
Hydrogen ions began to accumulate within the thylakoid space. The buildup of hydrogen ions makes the stroma negatively charged relative to the space within the thy- lakoids. This gradient, the difference in both charge and H+ ion concentration
across the membrane, provides the energy to make ATP.
The Light-Independent Reactions: Producing Sugars