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Chemistry Basics: Understanding Substances, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures, Summaries of Chemistry

A fundamental introduction to the concepts of substances, elements, compounds, and mixtures in chemistry. It covers the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, diatomic elements, monatomic and diatomic molecules, and the behavior of gases. It also discusses the solubility of substances and the difference between reactants and products.

What you will learn

  • What is the difference between a monatomic and diatomic molecule?
  • What are diatomic elements and how many of them are there?
  • What is the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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September 08, 2016
Gas
liquid
Solid
different
same
= oxygen
= ozone
graphite
diamond
fullerene
Diatomic Elements
2 atoms
different
different
H2, He, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Br2 = nonmetal Hg = metal
substance - a sample of
matter that always has the
same physical and chemical
properties
homogeneous
element -
only one kind
of atom -
cannot be
broken down
by a chemical
change
compound - 2 or
more different
elements that
are chemically
bonded - can be
broken down in
a chemical
reaction
mixture - combination of two or
more substances - not chemically
combined - can be separated by
physical means - each component
retains it's own properties
Homogeneous
mixture- uniform
(the same
throughout)
2 or more
substances
physically
combined
Ex air, brass, salt
water
Heterogenous
not uniform
(not the same
throughout)
not uniformly
mixed
ex: soil,
oil and water,
cement
7 diatomic elements
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Gas

liquid

Solid

different same

= oxygen = ozone

graphite diamond Buckminster fullerene

Diatomic Elements

2 atoms

different

different

H 2 , He, N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , Cl 2 , Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Br 2 = nonmetal Hg = metal substance - a sample of matter that always has the same physical and chemical properties

homogeneous

element -

only one kind

of atom -

cannot be

broken down

by a chemical

change

compound - 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded - can be broken down in a chemical reaction

mixture - combination of two or

more substances - not chemically

combined - can be separated by

physical means - each component

retains it's own properties

Homogeneous mixture- uniform (the same throughout) 2 or more substances physically combined Ex air, brass, salt water Heterogenous not uniform (not the same throughout) not uniformly mixed ex: soil, oil and water, cement

7 diatomic elements

7 diatomic elements

compound element

2 different elements

monatomic diatomic

2 atoms

all the

same

1 atom molecule all the same

completely fill

Sand on

bottom

Not uniform

water sugar

sugar solution

insoluble sand

sugar

Solubility and particle size

insoluble sand soluble filtrate

sugar and H^2 O

Reactants Products 2H 2 O(l) (^) ➞ 2H 2 (g)^ + O 2 (g)

boiling point

lower liquid lower alcohol alcohol water