Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

68 Solved Multiple Questions - Exam 3 | PSY A111, Exams of Psychology

University of Alaska AnchoragePsychology
Prof. Maria F. Ippolito

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Ippolito; Class: General Psychology; Subject: Psychology ; University: University of Alaska - Anchorage; Term: Spring 2011;

Typology: Exams

2010/2011

Uploaded on 06/15/2011

seawolf43
seawolf43 🇺🇸

4

(1)

5 documents

1 / 17

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
EXAM 3: General Psychology – PSY A111
Instructor: Mari Ippolito / Spring, 2011
KEY
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Print your name on the line provided above.
2. Print your name on the answer sheet AND fill in the corresponding circles.
3. Fill in the circles on the answer sheet for your I.D. number.
4. Fill in the circles on the answer sheet for the answers you select.
5. Once you have completed the test, hand in both the test AND the answer sheet.
1. Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a
particular group?
a. Stereotype
b. Expectation
c. Classification
d. Categorization
2. When watching an infomercial offering the latest and greatest in laundry soap products the
pitchman continually asks how much you'd be willing to pay, but immediately after telling
you the price he yells, "plus, if you act now, we'll double your order absolutely free!" This is a
classic example of the ________ technique.
a. Lowballing
b. that's-not-all
c. order-now
d. door-in-the-face
3. In a ________ design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.
a. Cohort
b. Longitudinal
c. behavior genetics
d. cross-sectional
4. Brad is in an electronics store with his parents. He looks at the CDs and thinks for a moment
that he could grab one and put it beneath his coat. As he considers this possibility, he
decides not to do it because he might get caught and his parents would punish him. What
stage of moral development does Brad's decision represent?
a. Preoperational
b. Preconventional
c. autonomous moral principles
d. conventional role conformity
5. According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development between 2 and 7 years of age, in
which the child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world, is the ________
stage.
a. concrete operations
b. Sensorimotor
c. Preoperational
d. formal operations
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

Partial preview of the text

Download 68 Solved Multiple Questions - Exam 3 | PSY A111 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

EXAM 3: General Psychology – PSY A Instructor: Mari Ippolito / Spring, 2011

KEY

INSTRUCTIONS:

**1. Print your name on the line provided above.

  1. Print your name on the answer sheet AND fill in the corresponding circles.
  2. Fill in the circles on the answer sheet for your I.D. number.
  3. Fill in the circles on the answer sheet for the answers you select.
  4. Once you have completed the test, hand in both the test AND the answer sheet.**
  5. Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group? a. Stereotype b. Expectation c. Classification d. Categorization
  6. When watching an infomercial offering the latest and greatest in laundry soap products the pitchman continually asks how much you'd be willing to pay, but immediately after telling you the price he yells, "plus, if you act now, we'll double your order absolutely free!" This is a classic example of the ________ technique. a. Lowballing b. that's-not-all c. order-now d. door-in-the-face
  7. (^) In a ________ design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages. a. Cohort b. Longitudinal c. behavior genetics d. cross-sectional
  8. Brad is in an electronics store with his parents. He looks at the CDs and thinks for a moment that he could grab one and put it beneath his coat. As he considers this possibility, he decides not to do it because he might get caught and his parents would punish him. What stage of moral development does Brad's decision represent? a. Preoperational b. Preconventional c. autonomous moral principles d. conventional role conformity
  9. According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development between 2 and 7 years of age, in which the child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world, is the ________ stage. a. concrete operations b. Sensorimotor c. Preoperational d. formal operations
  1. Professor Grant is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 46-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Grant using? a. cohort design b. longitudinal design c. behavior genetics design d. cross-sectional design
  2. Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance? a. I believe smoking is bad for my health; I love to smoke. b. I believe exercising is healthy; I love to exercise. c. I believe dresses are feminine; Nicole Kidman sometimes wears pants. d. I believe profanity is childish; my father uses profanity.
  3. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of temperament described by Thomas and Chess? a. active b. slow-to-warm-up c. difficult d. easy
  4. For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ________ mind. a. Unconscious b. Preconscious c. collective unconscious d. Conscious
  5. When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality, one is thinking about ________. a. Soul b. Character c. Temperament d. Conscience
  6. An individual who exerts less effort when working on a group task if individual contributions will not be evaluated is engaging in what is called ________. a. social loafing b. social idleness c. social facilitation d. the goof-off phenomenon
  7. "Out of sight, out of mind" is a cliché that is consistent with the ________ rule of interpersonal attraction. a. physical attractiveness b. Similarity c. Proximity d. reciprocal liking
  8. "Birds of a feather" is a phrase that refers to ________. a. Similarity b. Reinforcement c. self-disclosure d. emotional expression
  1. The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ________. a. Personality b. nurture c. a trait d. nature
  2. A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called ________, a. Pragmatics b. language c. Semantics d. grammar
  3. According to Freud, rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ________. a. pleasure principle b. Ego c. Superego d. Animus
  4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of attitudes? a. Thoughts b. Feelings c. Goals d. Behaviors
  5. Mary is an adolescent who currently has a small pimple on her cheek that is causing her to be overly self-conscious. She is convinced that everyone she meets stares at and talks about her pimple. Mary's behavior exhibits ________. a. a sense of idealism b. imaginary audience c. personal fable d. Puberty
  6. The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by Kübler-Ross is ________. a. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance b. denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, and depression c. anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, and depression d. anger, denial, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
  7. What process describes the use of social influence to cause other people to change their attitudes and behavior? a. Enticement b. Persuasion c. Conversion d. Affectance
  8. Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________. a. conditional esteem b. unconditional esteem c. conditional positive regard d. unconditional positive regard
  1. In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development between 7 and 11 years of age, in which an individual becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking, is the ________ stage. a. concrete operations b. Sensorimotor c. Preoperational d. formal operations
  2. The gradual decline in the sexual reproductive system of males is called ________. a. Menopause b. Andropause c. male menopause d. change of life
  3. The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called ________. a. Syntax b. Semantics c. Phonology d. Regularization
  4. What term refers to helping behavior that is performed voluntarily for the benefit of another person, with no anticipation of reward? a. Altruism b. Collectivism c. Interdependence d. Humanitarianism
  5. A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of ________. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of ________. a. discrimination; prejudice b. stereotyping; attribution c. attribution; stereotyping d. prejudice; discrimination
  6. What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense? a. false cognitions b. coping techniques c. disordered thinking d. defense mechanisms
  7. You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble? a. Syntax b. Phonemes c. Morphemes d. Audiograms
  1. Attributions are ________. a. explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others. b. innate personality traits c. genetic predispositions to behave a certain way d. physical qualities people have such as attractiveness
  2. Erikson's theory of social development viewed the period from ages 3 to 6, his third stage, as characterized by the major challenge of ________. a. identity versus role diffusion b. industry versus inferiority c. initiative versus guilt d. autonomy versus shame and doubt
  3. What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages? a. latency, anal, oral, genital, phallic b. oral, genital, latency, phallic, anal c. anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital d. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
  4. What are the smallest units of meaning in a language? a. Words b. Syntax c. Phonemes d. Morphemes
  5. The prime minister notices that her closest advisors never seem to disagree with her or with each other on a lot of important issues, such as arms control. She worries that she is not getting the pros and cons of different issues because her advisors are engaging in ________. a. latent obedience b. intrinsic reinforcement c. latent learning d. Groupthink
  6. What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching? a. social loafing b. social idleness c. social facilitation d. social productivity
  7. A(n) ________ is a section of DNA containing a sequence of amines. a. Compound b. Gene c. Chromosome d. Amine
  8. A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap. When he looked out his apartment window, he saw several people milling around two smashed cars. He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called. John's reaction is an example of ________. a. the bystander effect b. pluralistic compliance c. obedience to authority d. conformity to social norms
  1. The union of the ovum and sperm is called ________. a. Fertilization b. the fetal period c. a zygote d. an embryo
  2. A person asks you if you would volunteer to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ________ technique. a. Lowball b. door-in-the-face c. foot-in-the-door d. bait-and-switch
  3. The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called ________. a. Temperament b. Attachment c. Trust d. Habituation
  4. What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex? a. attraction to the same-sex parent b. attraction to the opposite-sex parent c. identification with the same-sex parent d. identification with the opposite-sex parent
  5. ________ refers to heredity and ________ refers to environmental influences. a. Nature; nurture b. Cognition; emotion c. Nurture; behavioral genetics d. Cross-sectional; longitudinal
  6. The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions. a. Psychodynamic b. Humanistic c. Trait d. Behaviorist
  7. Which of the following is the term that refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher? a. Scaffolding b. Conservation c. hypothetical thinking. d. zone of proximal development
  8. Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus, that can bring about a birth defect? a. Teratogen b. critical period c. Carcinogen d. Biohazard

Test Name: GENEx3Sp

  1. a. stereotype Feedback: Correct: The term stereotype refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group. Incorrect: Expectation may be a component in stereotyping but it is only one part of a bigger process.
  2. b. that's-not-all Feedback: Correct: The strategy of offering a person more of a product for the same price to entice the consumer into making a purchase is the that's-not-all technique. Incorrect: There is no such thing as the order-now technique discussed in social psychology.
  3. b. longitudinal Feedback: Correct: In a longitudinal design one group of participants is followed and assessed as the participants age. Incorrect: A cross-sectional design studies several different age groups at the same time.
  4. b. preconventional Feedback: Incorrect: Preoperational is a term used in Piaget's theory of human development; it is not a term related to moral Correct: At the preconventional level one determines right and wrong based on what consequences would likely
  5. c. preoperational Feedback: Incorrect: The sensorimotor stage occurs between birth and age 2. Correct: Preoperational is the name Piaget gave to the stage children are in from 2 to 7 years of age.
  6. d. cross-sectional design Feedback: Incorrect: A longitudinal design is one in which one participant or group of participants is followed and assessed as the person or group ages. Correct: A cross-sectional design studies several different age groups at the same time.
  7. a. I believe smoking is bad for my health; I love to smoke. Feedback: Correct: These statements are dissonant. Incorrect: There is no conflict between attitude and actions in this example, since it is the father who uses profanity, not the person who believes profanity is childish.
  8. a. active Feedback: Correct: Thomas and Chess used the terms easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up. Incorrect: Easy is a temperament type described by Thomas and Chess.
  1. a. unconscious Feedback: Correct: For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the unconscious mind. Incorrect: Collective unconscious is a term developed by Jung.
  2. b. character Feedback: Correct: Character is value judgments of a person's moral and ethical behavior. Incorrect: Temperament is enduring qualities a person has from birth.
  3. a. social loafing Feedback: Correct: An individual who exerts less effort when working on a group task if individual contributions will not be evaluated is engaging in social loafing. Incorrect: Social facilitation is the term for the positive effect on one's performance caused by the perception that others are watching.
  4. c. proximity Feedback: Incorrect: This cliché is not related to the concept of physical attractiveness. Correct: The proximity rule states that we tend to like people who are physically close to us, so one who is away, or out of sight, may lose favor in our eyes.
  5. a. similarity Feedback: Correct: "Birds of a feather" refers to similarity, as birds with the same kinds of feathers are likely to be of the same species. Incorrect: "Birds of a feather" refers to similarity, as birds with the same kinds of feathers are likely to be of the same species.
  6. a. adaptive behavior severely below a level appropriate for the person's age Feedback: Correct: Adaptive behavior severely below a level appropriate for the person's age is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation. Incorrect: Reflexes have nothing to do with mental retardation.
  7. a. easy Feedback: Correct: Easy children are described as being adaptable to change and on regular schedules. Incorrect: Thomas and Chess use the term easy to describe children on regular schedules.
  8. c. the linguistic relativity hypothesis Feedback: Incorrect: The hypothesis that language influences what we think is called the linguistic relativity hypothesis. There is no such thing as the reaction hypothesis. Correct: The hypothesis that language influences what we think is called the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
  9. c. egocentrism Feedback: Incorrect: Narcissism is a term used to describe a type of adult personality characterized by excessive self-admiration and centeredness. Correct: Egocentrism is the term used to describe a child's inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes except his or her own.
  1. b. persuasion Feedback: Correct: Persuasion is the use of social influence to cause other people to change their attitudes and behavior. Incorrect: Conversion is the actual process of changing. The use of social influence to cause other people to change their attitudes and behavior is persuasion.
  2. d. unconditional positive regard Feedback: Incorrect: Rogers's term conditional positive regard refers to the kind of acceptance that requires a person to meet certain expectations. Correct: Rogers's term unconditional positive regard refers to the acceptance of people with no strings attached to that acceptance.
  3. a. concrete operations Feedback: Correct: The concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11. Incorrect: The preoperational stage occurs between ages 2 and 7.
  4. b. andropause Feedback: Correct: Andropause is the term for the gradual decline in the reproductive system of males. Incorrect: The appropriate term for the gradual decline of the male reproductive system is andropause.
  5. b. semantics Feedback: Incorrect: Syntax is the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences. Correct: The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called semantics.
  6. a. altruism Feedback: Correct: Altruism is defined as helping others for no personal benefit. Incorrect: Humanitarianism means almost the same thing as altruism but is not the term social psychologists use for the helping behavior described by the term altruism.
  7. d. prejudice; discrimination Feedback: Incorrect: Prejudice is an unsupported, often negative belief about all people in a particular group, whereas discrimination is an action taken that is based on this belief. Correct: Prejudice is an unsupported, often negative belief about all people in a particular group, whereas discrimination is an action taken that is based on this belief. In this case, the action is the refusal to grant loans.
  8. d. defense mechanisms Feedback: Incorrect: Freud did not use the term coping techniques. Correct: Freud used the term defense mechanisms to refer to unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense.
  1. b. phonemes Feedback: Correct: Phonemes are the basic units of sound in a language. Incorrect: Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language; the problem in this case is with the sounds, not their meaning.
  2. c. human development Feedback: Incorrect: Gerontology emphasizes only older adulthood. Correct: Human development is the term used to refer to the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death.
  3. d. archetypes Feedback: Incorrect: The persona is the side of one's personality that is shown to the world. Correct: According to Jung an archetype refers to memories or "themes" that are important to people across different cultural contexts.
  4. a. adolescence Feedback: Correct: Adolescence is the period of life from about age 13 to the early twenties. Incorrect: Puberty is the word for the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak.
  5. d. companionate Feedback: Incorrect: In empty love there is only commitment, no intimacy. Correct: Companionate love has commitment and intimacy but no passion.
  6. a. self-efficacy Feedback: Correct: Self-efficacy refers to one's perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance. Incorrect: Reciprocal determinism is Bandura's term for the relationship among the three factors that determine behavior.
  7. a. IQ below 70 Feedback: Correct: An IQ below 70 is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation. Incorrect: Reflexes have nothing to do with mental retardation.
  8. d. reciprocal determinism Feedback: Incorrect: Self-efficacy refers to one's perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance. Correct: Reciprocal determinism is Bandura's theory of how different factors interact to form the personality.
  9. d. free radical theory Feedback: Incorrect: Cellular clock theory sees aging as a process whereby cells are assumed to have a limitation on the number of times they can reproduce to repair damage. Correct: Free radical theory suggests that unstable oxygen molecules cause damage to the structure of cells.
  1. b. door-in-the-face Feedback: Correct: The door-in-the-face effect occurs when someone complies with a small request (the zoo trip) after having refused an initial large request (two years of volunteer work). Incorrect: The foot-in-the-door effect would occur if you were first asked to supervise the zoo trip and said yes and then were asked to do the two years of volunteer work and said yes.
  2. b. attachment Feedback: Correct: Attachment is an emotional bond that forms between an infant and primary caregiver. Incorrect: Trust is an element of attachment, but the term used for the bond itself is attachment.
  3. c. identification with the same-sex parent Feedback: Incorrect: Freud believed attraction to the opposite-sex parent is the cause of the problem. Correct: Freud believed identification with the same-sex parent is the result of a successful resolution of the Oedipus complex.
  4. a. Nature; nurture Feedback: Correct: Nature refers to heredity, or genetic factors, whereas nurture refers to environmental influences. Incorrect: Nurture refers to environmental influences and behavioral genetics is a field that investigates the effects of genes and environmental influences on behavior.
  5. d. behaviorist Feedback: Incorrect: Trait theories do not attend to the origins or the causes of personality differences, but rather describe those differences. Correct: Behaviorism focuses on the influences of learning theories and the environment.
  6. d. zone of proximal development Feedback: Incorrect: Scaffolding occurs when a more skilled person helps a less skilled learner. Correct: The zone of proximal development is a term used to refer to the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher.
  7. a. teratogen Feedback: Correct: Teratogens are substances that can bring about a birth defect. Incorrect: A carcinogen may cause birth defects, but the term does not encompass viruses and all of the other things that can also cause birth defects.
  8. c. syntax Feedback: Incorrect: Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. Correct: Syntax is the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences.
  9. a. are genetically identical Feedback: Correct: Monozygotic twins are genetically identical. Incorrect: Monozygotic twins are genetically identical; dizygotic twins are genetically different.
  1. b. 130 Feedback: Correct: People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ is above 130. Incorrect: People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ is above 130.
  2. d. germinal Feedback: Incorrect: During the embryonic period, the organism is called an embryo, not a zygote. Correct: During the germinal period, the organism is called a zygote, and the placenta and umbilical cord begin to form.
  3. d. dominant Feedback: Incorrect: A recessive gene influences the expression of a trait when paired with an identical or less active gene whereas a dominant gene actively controls the appearance of a certain trait. Correct: A dominant gene is defined as a gene that controls the appearance of a certain trait.
  4. c. there is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self Feedback: Incorrect: Congruence between the real self and ideal self is a good thing. Correct: According to Rogers, the real self and ideal self must be in harmony with each other in order to prevent psychological problems and troublesome behaviors.
  5. d. pragmatics Feedback: Incorrect: Syntax is the system of rules that governs how we combine words to form grammatical sentences. Correct: The practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language, are referred to as pragmatics.
  6. a. id Feedback: Correct: Freud used the term id to describe the primitive side of personality. Incorrect: Freud used the term ego for the aspect of personality that makes rational decisions and solves conflicts.