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52 Solved Questions on the Introduction to the Sociology | SOCI 2000, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Auburn University at Montgomery (AUM)Introduction to Sociology
Prof. Zongli Tang

Chapters 1-4 (exam 1) Material Type: Notes; Professor: Tang; Class: Intro to Sociology(LCF4); Subject: Sociology; University: Auburn University-Montgomery; Term: Summer 2010;

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

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Study Guide 1
Chapter 1 Introduction
I. Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Comte and Marx had radically different prescriptions for the social problems they observed, but they agreed that:
A.social traditions should always be maintained.
B.social change inevitably produces positive results.
C.individual lives are framed by the broader society in which people live.
D.a society's wealth should be controlled by those who are educated.
2. Where did sociology arise?
A.Portugal, Spain, and Italy
B.France, Germany, and England.
C.Poland, Romania, and Prussia.
D.China, Japan, and Thailand.
3. All of these individuals contributed to the structural-functional paradigm except:
A.Auguste Comte.
B.Herbert Spencer.
C.Karl Marx.
D.Emile Durkheim.
4. The person who influenced the development of the social-conflict paradigm was:
A.Marx Herbert Spencer.
B.Talcott Parsons.
C.Emile Durkheim.
D.Karl Marx.
5. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of positivism?
A. there is truth out there that exists independently of our opinions of it
B. the goal of the social scientist is to uncover the laws that govern human behavior
C. mathematics cannot be used in social sciences
D. human behaviors are observable and measurable
6. The paradigm referred to as the "framework that envisions society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict
and change" is the:
A.structural-functional paradigm.
B.social-conflict paradigm.
C.symbolic-interaction paradigm.
D.social organization paradigm.
7. The theoretical paradigm in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to
promote stability is the:
A.structural-functional paradigm.
B.social-conflict paradigm.
C.symbolic-interaction paradigm.
D.social organization paradigm.
8. What are the two components of the structural-functional paradigm?
A.Social statistics, social functions
B.Social statistics, social formation
C.Social structure, social functions
D.Social structure, social formation
9. The discipline of sociology is best defined as:
A.the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
B.the scientific study of human social activity.
C.the cross-cultural comparison of life choices and religious influences.
D.the study of human behavior.
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Study Guide 1

Chapter 1 Introduction

I. Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. Comte and Marx had radically different prescriptions for the social problems they observed, but they agreed that: A. social traditions should always be maintained. B. social change inevitably produces positive results. C. individual lives are framed by the broader society in which people live. D. a society's wealth should be controlled by those who are educated.
  2. Where did sociology arise? A. Portugal, Spain, and Italy B. France, Germany, and England. C. Poland, Romania, and Prussia. D. China, Japan, and Thailand.
  3. All of these individuals contributed to the structural-functional paradigm except: A. Auguste Comte. B. Herbert Spencer. C. Karl Marx. D. Emile Durkheim.
  4. The person who influenced the development of the social-conflict paradigm was: A. Marx Herbert Spencer. B. Talcott Parsons. C. Emile Durkheim. D. Karl Marx.
  5. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of positivism? A. there is truth out there that exists independently of our opinions of it B. the goal of the social scientist is to uncover the laws that govern human behavior C. mathematics cannot be used in social sciences D. human behaviors are observable and measurable
  6. The paradigm referred to as the "framework that envisions society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is the: A. structural-functional paradigm. B. social-conflict paradigm. C. symbolic-interaction paradigm. D. social organization paradigm.
  7. The theoretical paradigm in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability is the: A. structural-functional paradigm. B. social-conflict paradigm. C. symbolic-interaction paradigm. D. social organization paradigm.
  8. What are the two components of the structural-functional paradigm? A. Social statistics, social functions B. Social statistics, social formation C. Social structure, social functions D. Social structure, social formation
  9. The discipline of sociology is best defined as: A. the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. B. the scientific study of human social activity. C. the cross-cultural comparison of life choices and religious influences. D. the study of human behavior.
  1. "A framework that sees society as the product of everyday interactions of individuals" is the definition of the: A. social-conflict paradigm. B. symbolic-interaction paradigm. C. structural-functional paradigm. D. social organization paradigm.
  2. ____ is an approach to understanding the world based on science. A. Theologism B. Determinism C. Positivism D. Phenomenology
  3. Why are sociologists unable to develop "laws of society" that would allow them to predict all human behavior? A. Because human behavior is both complex and spontaneous. B. Because it is impossible to understand and predict any aspect of human behavior. C. Because sociology has only been an accepted academic discipline for about 20 years and more knowledge must be gained. D. None of these
  4. A focus on broad social structures that shape society as a whole reflects the ____ orientation. A. micro-level B. macro-level C. mini-level D. managed-level
  5. All of these beliefs are part of the symbolic-interaction paradigm except one: A. Sociologists should focus on social interactions in specific situations. B. "Society" is actually the shared reality that people construct through their interactions. C. Human beings live in a world of symbols. D. Social structure benefits some people while depriving others.
  6. Symbolic interaction paradigm is: A. A type of sociological theory at the macro level B. A type of sociological theory at the micro level C. A type of quantitative analysis D. A type of deductive approach
  7. Exchange theory regard human behavior as A. consequences of a random process B. an exchange between costs and benefits C. an exchange in which one side is the looser and the other side is the winner D. a conflict between two sides
  8. The early U.S. sociologist who earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color was: A. Jane Addams B. Harriet Martineau. C. W.E.B.Du Bois. D. Herbert Spencer.
  9. August Comte coined the term _____ to refer to the study of society. A. social science B. social statistics C. sociology D. social dynamics
  10. When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States? A. During the middle 1700s. B. At the beginning of the 19th century. C. At the beginning of the 20th century. D. Around the 1950's.

D. D. are always consistent across situations and time.

  1. A subculture is defined as: A. cultural patterns that strongly oppose the mainstream values of a society. B. a group which transmits unacceptable social practices from one generation to the next. C. cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population. D. a deviant culture.
  2. The theory which is rooted in the philosophical doctrine of historical materialism is: A. structural-functional. B. sociobiology. C. social conflict. D. global migration.
  3. Social scientists today feel that: A. human behavior is guided primarily by culture. B. many human behaviors are instinctive. C. human behavior is strictly guided by biology. D. artistic and musical talent develop only when learned at an early age.
  4. You have been invited to a concert in Broadway in New York. You will be experiencing: A. popular culture. B. acculturation. C. high culture. D. subordinate culture.
  5. Social-conflict analysis holds that America's competitive and individualistic values reflect: A. the values of the "founding fathers." B. our western European history. C. our capitalist economy. D. our Western heritage.
  6. Different ideas among human beings around the world about what is polite and rude, beautiful and ugly, right and wrong, are expressions of: A. styles of government. B. Morals and values C. differences in religion. D. human nature.
  7. All cultures have three components in common. Which of the following contains the three? A. Values, social organization, psychic culture. B. Values, social institutions, material technology. C. Material culture, psychic culture, symbols. D. Social organization, murder taboo, material objects.
  8. All the followings define values except for one: A. standards of desirability B. goodness and believes C. heart of a symbolic system D. guidelines for social living
  9. A society guides the behavior of its members in a concrete manner through rules and expectations called: A. values. B. prescriptions. C. norms. D. taboos.
  10. Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite are referred to as: A. high culture. B. popular culture. C. elite culture. D. affluent culture.
  1. Teenagers, elderly Polish-Americans, jazz musicians and "southerners" are all examples of: A. deviant groups. B. the dominant culture. C. subcultures. D. cultural residues.
  2. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Humans are unable to change their culture B. The world is shaped by biological determinants. C. Humans shape culture; we make and re-make a world for ourselves. D. Culture has only positive effects upon human growth and development.
  3. Taoism is an example of: A. material culture. B. nonmaterial culture or culture defined in a narrow sense. C. social structure. D. norms.
  4. According to Karl Marx, what is the part of superstructure in a society? A. land B. mode of production C. culture D. technology
  5. Humans stand out among all forms of life as the only species that: A. relies on culture to ensure survival. B. has patterned ways of life. C. has biological instincts. D. makes use of tools.
  6. Mainstream culture could be best illustrated as A. the ethnic culture of majority group or the dominant culture in a country B. the ethnic culture of a minority group in a country C. regional culture D. popular culture
  7. The style of music is affected by economic development. What sociological paradigm would be most likely to make the claim? A. idealism B. materialism C. functional-structural analysis D. sociobiology
  8. What is culture shock? A. A feeling of surprise and disorientation that is experienced when people witness unfamiliar cultural practices. B. The act of interpreting the behavior of others from one's own perspective. C. A feeling of uncertainty when learning about traits that are affected by human biology. D. A feeling of political opposition that is often accompanied by social hostility.
  9. A symbol is: A. anything that carries a particular meaning which is recognized by members of a culture. B. any word or phrase that carries meaning to a “receiver.” C. any gesture that carries meaning to a "receiver." D. a verbal representation of the material or non-material culture.
  10. Which of the following is NOT a value central to American culture, as identified by sociologist R. Williams? A. equal opportunity B. material comfort C. racism and group superiority D. beief in tradition
  1. White culture is the mainstream culture in the USA. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  2. The differences among ethnic groups all over the world are expressed through culture. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  3. According to sociobiology, geographic and weather conditions affect our biological genes. A. True B. False

Chapter 3 Socialization

I. Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. All of these statements about adulthood are true except one: A. Early adulthood, ages 20 to 40, is generally a time for pursuing goals. B. In middle adulthood, ages 40 to 60, people begin to see that their life circumstances are pretty well set. C. Research has established that the personality is not completely formed until the age of 50. D. Most people passing mid-life have yet to experience their greatest personal satisfaction.
  2. The lifelong process of social experience by which individuals develop human potential and learn the patterns of their culture is called: A. personality. B. socialization. C. human nature. D. behaviorism.
  3. The socialization agent which is considered to be the most important for children is: A. the mass media. B. the schools. C. peer groups. D. the family.
  4. All of these are true about peer groups except one: A. Peer groups offer young people an escape from adult supervision. B. Peer groups influence children the most at ages 6-8. C. Members usually have similar interests, social position, and age. D. Peer groups often guide the short-term interests of adolescents.
  5. Which perspective developed by the psychologist John B. Watson claim human behavior is not instinctive, but learned within a social environment? A. behaviorism. B. biological psychology. C. evolutionary psychology. D. naturalism.
  6. Your friend is concerned that her daughter is being influenced too much by her peer group. You can comfort your friend by telling her that research shows that: A. families continue to exert a strong influence on children through adolescence. B. most peers have a positive long-term impact upon children. C. peer groups change almost weekly, so next week her daughter will have different friends. D. peer groups are generally not very influential until middle age.
  7. Adopt a sociological perspective on the life course. What is your position? A. Life course stages are quite meaningless. B. Life course stages are the same throughout the world. C. Life course stages are linked to biology, but are mostly a social construction. D. Life course stages apply only to the youth.
  1. In Piaget's model, the stage of development wherein people experience the world only through sensory contact is called the:

A.sensorimotor stage.

B.preoperational stage.

C.concrete operational stage.

D.formal operation stage.

  1. At about what age does "old age" begin?

A.mid-sixties

B.early seventies

C.late forties

D.middle fifties

  1. George Herbert Mead was most interested in: A. A. the effects of gender upon research studies B. B. the id, ego, and superego. C. C. Socialization and the self D. D. Marriage and divorce
  2. You mainly learn your ethnic subculture from A. School B. Media C. Family B.Peer Group
  3. What is the term sociologists give to a category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age? a. a. age subculture b. b. generation c. c. age group d. d. cohort
  4. According to Piaget, during the -------- stage of development individuals begin to use language systematically, but cannot yet see the world from another person’s point of view: A. sensorimotor. B. preoperational. C. operational D. formal logical II. True and False Questions
  5. According to Jean Piaget, language and other symbols are first used in the preoperational stage.

A. TRUE B. FALSE

  1. To look at life sociologically, we must accept the idea that human behavior is primarily a matter of what people choose to do. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  2. Peer groups have been shown to have a greater influence on short-term interests than they do on long-term aspirations. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  3. Social conflict theorists believe that our educational system actually perpetuates inequality in our society rather than reducing it. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  4. During adolescence, the family's influence on children virtually disappears. A. TRUE B. FALSE
  1. A very loosely formed group is referred to as a: A. crowd. B. group. C. category. D. population.
  2. Your criminology class is touring a maximum security prison. You are visiting a: A. normative organization. B. coercive organization. C. utilitarian organization. D. social organization.
  3. All of these statements are true about secondary groups except one: A. The groups are often large and impersonal. B. Members have weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of each other. C. Members provide comfort, security, and economic assistance for each other . D. Members pursue a specific interest or activity together.
  4. Bureaucracies arrange personnel in a vertical ranking. This is referred to as: A. specialization. B. impersonality. C. the hierarchy of offices. D. technical competence.
  5. Ideal bureaucratic organization depends upon _____, which controls an organization's functioning to ensure predictability and control the larger environment. A. specialization B. impersonality C. rules and regulations D. technical competence
  6. The status of being a nurse is a/an: A. achieved status. B. master status. C. role. D. ascribed status.
  7. The incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statuses is called: A. role stress. B. role conflict. C. role ambiguity. D. role exit.
  8. Performing the various roles attached to one status can create: A. role conflict. B. status set. C. role ambiguity. D. role strain.
  9. Roman Catholics are an example of a: A. crowd. B. triad. C. category. D. population.
  10. All of these are characteristics of "primary groups" except one: A. The groups are impersonal and members pursue a specific activity together. B. The groups shape our attitudes, behaviors, and social identity. C. Members show concern for one another's welfare. D. Members know each other well and sometimes experience conflict.
  11. You are a member of a golf club and you have many friends there. This club is a:

A. primary group. B. secondary group. C. triad group. D. emotive group.

  1. Primary groups and secondary groups differ in all of these characteristics except one: A. members interact with each other. B. size of the group. C. emotional closeness of members. D. length of contact among members.
  2. Members of secondary groups are likely to: A. feel that they can "be themselves" without worry about the impression they are making. B. have a personal orientation toward each other. C. have a goal orientation and be polite to each other. D. view one another as unique and irreplaceable.
  3. Which of these would you refer to as a primary group? A. a PTA meeting B. a family gathering for the holidays C. a group of co-workers who share an office D. a meeting of the graduating class of 1988
  4. Which of these would you refer to as a secondary group? A. a family reunion B. best friends meeting for dinner C. a meeting of the Rotary Club D. a luncheon of mothers and daughters
  5. A social group commanding a member's esteem and loyalty is a(n): A. outgroup. B. ingroup. C. reference group. D. triad.
  6. What has research shown about ingroups and outgroups? A. Ingroup-outgroup distinctions actually promote racial harmony. B. Ingroup-outgroup distinctions inhibit ethnocentrism. C. Ingroup-outgroup distinctions have little social meaning because everyone is part of an ingroup. D. Ingroup-outgroup boundaries lead to unfairly negative views of outgroups.
  7. A social group with two members is called a: A. pair. B. dyad. C. triad. D. couple.
  8. Women who join the League of Women Voters are joining a: A. normative organization. B. coercive organization. C. utilitarian organization. D. social organization.
  9. For the patients who are involuntarily committed, what type of formal organization are mental hospitals? A. a normative organization. B. a utilitarian organization. C. a coercive organization. D. a social organization.
  10. At the micro level, social structure consists of A. Individuals with different social statuses. B. Groups with different types.