Download Traumatic Brain Injury and Musculoskeletal Injury Grading System and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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Anterograde (Posttraumatic) Amnesia - correct answer ✅Inability to remember events after an injury. Basilar Skull Fractures - correct answer ✅Usually occur following diffuse impact to the head (such as falls, motor vehicle crashes); generally, result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with a radiograph (x-ray). Battle's Sign - correct answer ✅Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture. Cerebral Edema - correct answer ✅Swelling of the brain. Closed Head Injury - correct answer ✅Injury in which the brain ahs been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding. Concussion - correct answer ✅A temporary loss or alteration of part of all of the brain's abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain. Connecting Nerves - correct answer ✅Nerves in the spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves. Coup-Contrecoup Injury - correct answer ✅Dual impacting of the brain into the skull; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; Contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds. Distraction - correct answer ✅the action of pulling the spine along its length.
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Epidural Hematoma - correct answer ✅An accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater. Eyes-Forward Position - correct answer ✅A head position in which the patient's eyes are looking straight ahead and the head and torso are in line. Four-Person Log Roll - correct answer ✅The recommended procedure for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury from the ground to a long backboard. Intervertebral Disk - correct answer ✅The cushion that lies between two vertebrae. Intracerebral Hematoma - correct answer ✅Bleeding within the brain tissue (parenchyma) itself; also referred to as an intraparenchymal hematoma. ICP - correct answer ✅Intracranial Pressure. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - correct answer ✅The pressure within the cranial vault. Involuntary Activities - correct answer ✅Actions of the body that are not under a person's conscious control.
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Subdural Hematoma - correct answer ✅An accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain. Subluxation - correct answer ✅A partial or incomplete dislocation. TBI - correct answer ✅Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - correct answer ✅A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes. Voluntary Activities - correct answer ✅Actions that we consciously perform, in which sensory input or conscious thought determines a specific muscular activity. developmental disability - correct answer ✅insufficient development of the brain resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment. Can include intellectual, hearing, or vision impairments that surface during infanthood or childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - correct answer ✅a group of complex disorders of brain development characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication down syndrome - correct answer ✅a genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted wide set eyes. Increased maternal age and family history are known risk factors for this condition.
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these are the characteristics of a developmentally disabled patient - correct answer ✅may appear slow to understand, limited vocabulary immature behavior characteristics of autism - correct answer ✅severe behavioral problems, repetitive motor activities, impairment in verbal and nonverbal skills, difficulty making eye contact, has trouble answering open ended questions and monotone speech these are the most common forms of hearing loss - correct answer ✅sensorineural deafness and conductive hearing loss sensorineural deafness - correct answer ✅a permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear conductive hearing loss - correct answer ✅hearing loss caused by a faulty transmission of sounds waves. can be caused by an accumulation of wax within the ear canal or a perforated eardrum tracheostomy tube - correct answer ✅a plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma) ventilator malfunction - correct answer ✅if this malfunction occurs, remove the patient from this devise and begin bag-valve-mask ventilations via the tracheostomy hole
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vagal nerve stimulator - correct answer ✅this is a treatment used for seizures that are not controlled with medication. it stimulates the vagus nerve at predetermined intervals to prevent seizure activity. surgical implant used in children over 12. located under the patients skin about the size of a silver dollar. colostomy - correct answer ✅a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small or large intestine and the surface of the body caregiver - correct answer ✅interaction with the ___________ is important because they are experts on caring for the patient and can help determine baseline behavior for the patient urostomy - correct answer ✅a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) which connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall instead of through the urethra tracheostomy - correct answer ✅a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin stoma - correct answer ✅an opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure spina bifida - correct answer ✅a development defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possible even outside of the body usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area. this is a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column during embryonic or fetal development
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obesity - correct answer ✅a complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat. ileostomy - correct answer ✅a surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the surface of the body. cerebral palsy - correct answer ✅this is a brain / group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement. limbs are often underdeveloped and prone to injury. intellectual disability - correct answer ✅results in the inability to learn and socially adapt at a normal developmental rate characteristics of intellectual disability - correct answer ✅patients may appear slow to understand or have a limited vocabulary. may behave immaturely compared to their peers. if severely disabled, may not have the ability to care for themselves, communicate, understand or respond to surroundings pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) - correct answer ✅characterized by impaired social or communication skills, repetitive behaviors, or a restricted range of interests. Atlantoaxial Instability (AAI) - correct answer ✅this is characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or ligamentous abnormality. Neurologic symptoms can occur when the spinal cord or adjacent nerve roots are involved. 15% of people's neck with down syndrome is unstable at this joint
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paralysis - correct answer ✅inability to voluntarily move one or more body parts (stroke, trauma and birth defects) hyperesthesia - correct answer ✅increased sensitivity is called facial paralysis - correct answer ✅This can also cause communication challenges sever obesity - correct answer ✅this is when a person is 2-3 times over the ideal weight these are associated health problems with obesity - correct answer ✅mobility difficulties, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke tracheal stoma - correct answer ✅this provides a path between the surface of the neck and the trachea. passes from the neck directly into the major airway and bypasses the nose and mouth D.O.P.E. - correct answer ✅D - displacement, dislodged or damaged tube O - obstruction of tube (secretions, blood, mucus, vomitus) P - pneumothorax E - equipment failure (kinked tubing, ventilator malfunction, empty oxygen supply) mechanical ventilators - correct answer ✅these are used when patients cannot breath without assistance.
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apnea monitors - correct answer ✅these are used for infants who are premature and have severe gastroesophageal reflux that causes choking episodes. have a family history of SIDS, have experienced an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) used 2 weeks - 2 months after birth. an alarm will sound if an infant experiences bradycardia or apnea automated implanted cardioverter defibrillator - correct answer ✅a pacemaker may also include this to monitor heart rhythm non-stop pacemaker - correct answer ✅this is set at a non-stop pace of 70 bpm demand pacemaker - correct answer ✅this sends a pacer spike under a set rate as needed external defibrillator vest - correct answer ✅this is a vest with built in monitoring electrodes and defibrillation pads which is worn by the patient under their clothing. ventricular peritoneum shunt - correct answer ✅this drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the peritoneum of the abdomen ventricular atrium shunt - correct answer ✅this drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the right atrium of the heart. palliative care - correct answer ✅this is the type of care used with pain medications obese - correct answer ✅This term is used when someone is 30% or more over their ideal body weight
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breech presentation - correct answer ✅A delivery in which buttocks come out first. cervix - correct answer ✅Narrowest portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina. crowning - correct answer ✅The appearance of the infant's head at the vaginal opening during labor. eclampsia - correct answer ✅Seizures (convulsions) resulting from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman. ectopic pregnancy - correct answer ✅A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube. embryo - correct answer ✅The fertilized egg that is the early stages of a fetus. endometrium - correct answer ✅The lining of the inside of the uterus. fetal alcohol syndrome - correct answer ✅A condition of infants who are born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy; characterized by growth and physical problems, mental retardation, and a variety of congenital abnormalities. fetus - correct answer ✅The developing, unborn infant inside the uterus fundus - correct answer ✅The dome-shaped top of the uterus.
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gestational diabetes - correct answer ✅Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy lightening - correct answer ✅A sensation felt by a pregnant patient when the fetus positions itself for delivery. limb presentation - correct answer ✅A delivery in which presenting part of a single arm, leg, or foot. meconium - correct answer ✅A dark green material in the amniotic fluid that can indicate distress or disease in the newborn, the meconium can be aspirated into the infant's lungs during delivery; the infant's first bowel movement miscarriage - correct answer ✅The passage of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks; spontaneous abortion. multigravida - correct answer ✅A woman who has had previous pregnancies. nuchal cord - correct answer ✅an umbilical cord that is wrapped around the infant's neck placenta - correct answer ✅The tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord
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umbilical cord - correct answer ✅The conduit connecting the mother to infant via the placenta; contains two arteries and one vein. vertex presentation - correct answer ✅A delivery in which the head comes out first. If a patient's mechanical ventilator malfunctions, you should remove the patient from the ventilator and: A) place the patient on a nasal cannula. B) place the patient on a nonrebreathing mask. C) begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask. D) contact medical control. - correct answer ✅C) begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask. irway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their: A) teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue. B) occiput is round, which causes flexion of the neck. C) tongue is relatively small and falls back in the throat. D) mandible is large, which inhibits a mask-to-face seal. - correct answer ✅A) teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue. When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should: A) explain procedures while in the process of performing them. B) be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient. C) move swiftly and deliberately to quickly accomplish the task.
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D) frequently reassure him or her that everything will be okay. - correct answer ✅B) be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient. General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include: A) exaggerating your lip movements to ensure the patient understands. B) speaking directly into the patient's ear with an increased voice pitch. C) removing any hearing aids and using pen and paper to ask questions. D) positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient. - correct answer ✅D) positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient. When enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to: A) report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. B) voice what he or she is signing while communicating with the patient. C) document the answers to the questions that the patient has responded to. D) avoid any kind of lip movement while he or she is signing with the patient. - correct answer ✅A) report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary. Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the: A) brain. B) spinal cord. C) voluntary muscles. D) peripheral nervous system. - correct answer ✅A) brain.
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B) removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected. C) suctioning the tube as needed to clear a thick mucous plug. D) maintaining the patient in a position of comfort when possible. - correct answer ✅B) removing the tube if the area around it appears to be infected. Which of the following statements regarding patients with developmental disabilities is correct? A) Speaking with the patient's family is the least effective way to determine how much the patient understands. B) Patients with developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients. C) A developmental disability differs from mental retardation in that it is the result of a congenital abnormality. D) Most patients with developmental disabilities have normal cognitive function, but abnormal physical features. - correct answer ✅B) Patients with developmental disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients. Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of: A) an extra pair of chromosomes. B) a separation of chromosome 21. C) a triplication of chromosome 21. D) a sperm that contains 24 chromosomes. - correct answer ✅C) a triplication of chromosome 21. Two thirds of children born with Down syndrome have:
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Incorrect Response A) diabetes mellitus. B) intracranial bleeding. C) unilateral paralysis. D) congenital heart disease. - correct answer ✅D) congenital heart disease. An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves: A) presuming that he or she has cognitive impairment until proven otherwise. B) contacting the patient's physician to determine the extent of the brain injury. C) recalling that most patients with a brain injury have other organ dysfunction. D) speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient. - correct answer ✅D) speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient. When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to: A) allow a service dog to remain with the patient at all times, even if the patient is critically ill. B) stand to the side of the patient when speaking if his or her peripheral vision is impaired. C) leave items such as canes and walkers at the residence if the patient will be carried on a gurney. D) tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings. - correct answer ✅D) tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings. abrasion - correct answer ✅Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.
