Download 408 PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NEWEST 2025-2026 ALL GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
408 PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
NEWEST 2025-2026 ALL GRADED A+
Sulfasalazine is sometimes used in veterinary medicine to treat which chronic condition? - ANSWER - Colitis You should not give a phenothiazine tranquilizer to an animal with which disease? Epilepsy Glaucoma Cushings Diabetes Hypothyroidism - ANSWER - Epilepsy You find coccidia (Cystoisospora) on a fecal float for a puppy that presents with mucoid diarrhea with streaks of blood. What medication is used to treat coccidia? Fenbendazole Metronidazole Sulfadimethoxine Pyrantel Praziquantel - ANSWER - Sulfadimethoxine (albon) You want to give a 22 pound cat a 5 mg/kg dose of a drug. The drug comes as a 2.5% solution. How many milliliters should you give the cat?
2 - ANSWER - 22lbs x (1kg/2.2lbs) x 5mg/kg x (1ml/25mg) = 2ml Quinidine is a medication used to treat which condition in horses? Corneal ulceration Atrial fibrillation Colic Laminitis - ANSWER - Atrial Fibrillation Sometimes drugs, such as phenobarbital, are given in a higher dose as a loading dose and then tapered back to a maintenance dose. This helps the drug to accumulate to a therapeutic level in the body until the concentration plateaus. When this occurs, the drug has reached which of the following? Nadir Steady state Half- life Bioavailability - ANSWER - Steady State; The steady state is the accumulation of a drug concentration in the body until the concentration plateaus. What is the primary toxic principle in chocolate? Cholinesterase inhibitors Theobromine Sucrose
Serotonin - ANSWER - Theobromine; Methylxanthines are the primary toxic principles in chocolate. Specifically, these are theobromine and caffeine. How many milliliters of 50% dextrose should be added to a 100 ml solution of Lactated Ringer's Solution to make it 2.5%? 5 ml 0.5 ml 50 ml 1 ml 10 ml - ANSWER - C1V1=C2V C= concentration V= volume C1=
V1=x C2=
V2= 100ml Which of the following drugs are a sedative, analgesic, and also provides muscle relaxation? Acepromazine Tilitamine Xylazine Ketamine - ANSWER - xylazine Which medication is commonly given to patients with organophosphate
toxicity? Morphine Vitamin K
Phenobarbital Thiopental Pentobarbital Propofol - ANSWER - Pentobarbital The veterinarian would like you to give famotidine to a 23 kg Doberman Pinscher that has been hospitalized for vomiting. The dosage is 0.5 mg/kg. Using the image, how many milliliters you will be administering? (10mg/ml) 1.2ml 1.4ml 11.5m l 0.12ml - ANSWER - 1.2 ml 23 kg multiplied by 0.5 mg/kg= 11.5 mg divided by 10 mg/ml= 1.2 ml Which of these drugs is considered a Class II controlled substance by the Drug Enforcement Administration? Buprenorphine Fentanyl Diazepam Ketamine - ANSWER - Fentanyl Dorzolamide ophthalmic drops may be used in treating what eye condition? Glaucoma Pannus Corneal ulcer Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - ANSWER - Glaucoma
What quantity of drug is found in 200 mLs of a 10% solution? 20 grams 2,000 grams 2,000 milligrams 20 milligrams - ANSWER - 20 grams; A 10% solution is equal to 100 mg/mL. The easiest way to remember this conversion is to add a zero to the percentage. (10%= 100 mg/mL, 15% = 150 mg/mL, etc.)If 1 mL is equal to 100 mg, then to find out the quantity of drug in 200 mLs, multiply 100 mg X 200 = 20,000 mg. There are 20,000 mg in 200 mLs of a 10% solution.But none of the choices are 20,000 mg. We need to go one step further and determine how many grams this is.1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. We need to divide the milligrams by 1,000.So, 20,000mg / 1,000 = 20 grams. A 2 - ounce bottle of Dermacool spray contains how many milliliters? 15 mL 60 mL 30 mL 40 mL - ANSWER - 60ml; There are 30 mL in one ounce.2-ounce bottle X 30 mL/ounce = 60 mL Which drug is known as an ACE-inhibitor? Diphenhydramine Acepromazine Enalapril Metoclopramide - ANSWER - Enalapril; Note that ace-inhibitors drugs usually end in a "pril" (benazepril, enalapril, etc.) The doctor tells you that a medication is only to be given parenterally. A parenteral drug is given via which route? Intravenous
Spontaneous abortion Inability to chew or swallow - ANSWER - Spontaneous abortion A patient is hospitalized with a resistant infection and is getting Amikacin injections and IV fluid therapy. Amikacin can cause kidney damage. What could you do to monitor for early renal side effects? Check the urine specific gravity twice daily Check a daily urine protein Renal ultrasound daily Monitor urine output - ANSWER - Check a daily urine protein; Proteinuria can be one of the first things seen if there is damage to the kidneys. Urine output and specific gravity would not be reliable indicators since this patient is on IV fluids. Ultrasound would not be helpful picking up early kidney damage since this occurs at a microscopic level in the renal tubules. Kidney changes can be seen with ultrasound only if gross disease is present in the renal architecture. BUN and creatinine levels can be helpful, however, remember that usually these values do not become elevated until more than 70% of the renal function has been compromised. Of the following, which drug is considered an aminoglycoside? Cephalexin Gentamicin Doxycyclin e Itraconazol e Enrofloxacin - ANSWER - Gentamicin How many milliliters of dextrose should be added to a 60 ml syringe of 0.9% NaCl to make a 2.5% dextrose solution? The patient weighs 20 kg, and the dextrose in the hospital comes in a 50% concentration. 3 ml 0.6 ml
1.5 ml
Cardiac Nervou s
Gastrointestinal Hepatic - ANSWER - Renal; Ethylene glycol (EG), the primary ingredient in antifreeze, causes damage to the renal system (kidneys). EG causes damage to the renal tubular epithelium, causing build up of oxalate crystals in the renal tubules and metabolic acidosis. An 11 - year old female spayed dog is diagnosed with a bladder tumor. She is still able to pass urine, but she strains towards the end of her urination and needs to go out frequently. Her blood work is unremarkable. What medication is sometimes prescribed specifically to alleviate symptoms from bladder tumors in dogs? Tramadol Piroxicam Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Cranberry extract - ANSWER - Piroxicam; Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has some anti-cancer properties against transitional cell tumors and nasal adenocarcinoma in dogs. Piroxicam can cause renal papillary necrosis as a rare side-effect, so is usually reserved for cases that have no underlying renal issues. Which syndrome can occur in dogs when long-term corticosteroids such as prednisone are administered? Addison's Hypothyroidis m Cushing's Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER - Cushing's syndrome, or hyperadrenocorticism, occurs from high levels of cortisol. It can be due to over-production of cortisol by the adrenal glands or can be iatrogenic from long-term or chronic corticosteroid administration. Symptoms of this include a thinning haircoat, polyuria and polydipsia, pot belly, thinning skin, and calcinosis cutis.Long- term corticosteroid administration can also lead to insulin resistance, leading to type II diabetes in some patients. Which route of drug administration usually allows for the most rapid onset of action? Oral
Which medication is typically given through a filter? Cefazolin Mannitol Dexamethason e Metoclopramide - ANSWER - Mannitol forms crystals in solution. An in-line 5 micron IV filter or filter needle is recommended. Which of the following is expected from a positive inotropic drug? Prevention of arrhythmias Dramatic decrease blood pressure Increase in cardiac contractility Decrease in adrenal gland stimulation - ANSWER - increase in cardiac contractility; Positive inotropes mostly work by making more calcium available to the muscle and thus increase cardiac contractility. You are instructed to give a medication which you are told is an antipyretic. What will this medication do? Reduce gastric acid Provide sedation Prevent vomiting Reduce fever - ANSWER - Reduce fever; Anti-pyretics reduce fever. An example of an anti- pyretic medication is ketofen (Ketoprofen) which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The term pyrexia means fever.An example of an acid reducer (antacid) would be famotidine (Pepcid AC).A medication which would prevent vomiting would be an antiemetic. Examples of this include maropitant (Cerenia) or metoclopramide (Reglan). Reglan also has upper GI pro-kinetic properties.
A six month old Collie comes into your clinic for a technician exam and deworming. What antiparasitic drug should be used with caution in this breed?
Misoprostol Potassium Lactulose - ANSWER - Misoprostol; protective prostaglandin used to treat overdoses of NSAIDs, and helps to provide protection to the gastric mucosa. Opioids are commonly used in veterinary medicine. What is one of the most common side effects of opioids? Increased heart rate Respiratory depression Elevated temperature Diarrhea - ANSWER - Respiratory Depression; Mu agonists (opioids) are known for causing respiratory depression, mostly at higher doses. They should be used with caution in animals with known breathing difficulty.Other side effects may include nausea, vomiting, sedation, or sometimes dysphoria. Diarrhea is not common. While opioids may cause elevated temperature in some cats, it is not very common.Opioids are a cornerstone of pain management in veterinary medicine. What toxicity is caused by ingestion of these items? - ANSWER - zinc; Any penny minted after 1982 contains a large amount of zinc, leading to zinc toxicity in animals even from just a single penny. What does a beta- 2 adrenergic agonist cause? Constricted pupils Salivation Slowed heart rate Bronchodilation - ANSWER - Bronchodilation; The beta- 2 adrenergic agonists are often used in treating cases of "asthma" or other conditions that require bronchodilation as a treatment. Examples of short acting beta-2 agonists are terbutaline and albuterol. Pyrethrin (which is used to kill fleas) is derived or extracted from which of the following plants? Chrysanthemum
Stargazer lily Hibiscus Bougainvillea - ANSWER - Pyrethrin comes from the Chrysanthemum plant and acts on the nervous system to cause flea death. Drugs that have no accepted medical use, are not considered safe, and have high potential for abuse are the most controlled by the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration). Drugs under this category such as heroin are listed as what type of category? Schedule III controlled substance Schedule I controlled substance Schedule II controlled substance Schedule V controlled substance Schedule IV controlled substance - ANSWER - Schedule 1 Activated charcoal would be used for which of the following? Fluoroscopy Thermal skin burns Foreign body ingestion Snail bait ingestion - ANSWER - Snail bait ingestion; Activated charcoal is a black liquid administered orally to prevent absorption of toxins through the gastrointestinal tract. It is often used after induction of emesis or after gastric lavage is performed. Which drug treats hypothyroidism? Methimazole Levofloxacin Theophylline Levothyroxine - ANSWER - Levothyroxine; Hypothyroidism is the condition of the thyroid being
