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Overview of Electromagnetic, Strong & Weak Interactions: Fundamental Forces & Particles, Summaries of Physics

A summary of the three fundamental forces in physics: electromagnetic, strong, and weak. It includes information on the relative strengths and ranges of each force, as well as a list of associated particles, their symbols, rest energies, and lifetimes. The document also discusses quarks and leptons, the most fundamental particles, and their roles in the strong and electromagnetic forces.

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

electraxx
electraxx 🇺🇸

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4 Fundamental Forces
Force Relative Strength Range
Strong 1 1 fm
Electromagnetic 102Infinite (1/r2)
Weak 106103fm
Gravitational 1043 Infinite (1/r2)
14.1
pf3
pf4
pf5

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4 Fundamental Forces Force Relative Strength Range Strong 1 1 fm Electromagnetic 10

  • 2 Infinite (1/ r 2 ) Weak 10
  • 6  10
  • 3 fm Gravitational 10
  • 43 Infinite (1/ r 2 )

Particle Particle symbol Antiparticle symbol Rest energy (MeV) Lifetime (s) Baryons Heavy particles Proton p p 938.3 Stable Neutron n n 939.6 900 Lambda L^0 L^0 1116 2.6 x 10

  • 10 Sigma S+^ S–^1189 0.8 x 10–^10 S 0 S (^0 1192) 6 x 10– 20 S

S

1197 1.6 x 10

  • 10 Omega W–^ W+^1672 0.8 x 10
  • 10 Hadrons (Heavy particles)

Quarks and Antiquarks Quarks Antiquarks Name Rest energy (MeV) Symbol Charge Symbol Charge Up 360 u +2/3 e u – 2/3 e Down 360 d – 1/3 e d +1/3 e Charmed 1500 c +2/3 e c – 2/3 e Strange 540 s – 1/3 e s +1/3 e Top 173,000 t +2/3 e t – 2/3 e Bottom 5000 b – 1/3 e b +1/3 e

Valence quarks

u

d

Q=+1, and it’s called a p+ M~140 [MeV/c 2 ] Lifetime~2.6x10-^8 [s]

Gluons communicate force between quarks

Mesons = quark / anti-quark “bound” together.

communicates force between p+ and n

7 7 3 3

X  Li