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A summary of the three fundamental forces in physics: electromagnetic, strong, and weak. It includes information on the relative strengths and ranges of each force, as well as a list of associated particles, their symbols, rest energies, and lifetimes. The document also discusses quarks and leptons, the most fundamental particles, and their roles in the strong and electromagnetic forces.
Typology: Summaries
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4 Fundamental Forces Force Relative Strength Range Strong 1 1 fm Electromagnetic 10
Particle Particle symbol Antiparticle symbol Rest energy (MeV) Lifetime (s) Baryons Heavy particles Proton p p 938.3 Stable Neutron n n 939.6 900 Lambda L^0 L^0 1116 2.6 x 10
S
1197 1.6 x 10
Quarks and Antiquarks Quarks Antiquarks Name Rest energy (MeV) Symbol Charge Symbol Charge Up 360 u +2/3 e u – 2/3 e Down 360 d – 1/3 e d +1/3 e Charmed 1500 c +2/3 e c – 2/3 e Strange 540 s – 1/3 e s +1/3 e Top 173,000 t +2/3 e t – 2/3 e Bottom 5000 b – 1/3 e b +1/3 e
Q=+1, and it’s called a p+ M~140 [MeV/c 2 ] Lifetime~2.6x10-^8 [s]
7 7 3 3