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Wundt - Wundt
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Historical Perspectives in Psychology Dr. Roshan Rai
¢ Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) used ablation to challenge phrenology - specific areas of the brain phrenologists claimed to serve X actually served Y ¢ The clinical method Phineas Gage – from dependable, contentious, respected community leader (foreman of a crew), Gage became obstinate, profane, irresponsible member of the community (MacMillian, 1986) Broca - motor aphasia (an inability to produce speech) localised to left frontal lobe
30 & 33 gram weights are just noticeably different 60 & 66 gram weights are just noticeably different
¢ Studied medical sciences at University of Tübingen, but switched to University of Heidelberg finally earning an MD ¢ Heidelberg years developed Wundt’s love of science Robert Bunsen (inventor of Bunsen burner) inspired Wundt’s first independent research project – the effects of restricting salt input on the chemical composition of urine ¢ After only 6 months of practising medicine, Wundt started to think of a life in research & studied a term of experimental physiology in Berlin
¢ Worked in von Helmholtz’s Heidelberg lab for 6 years (1854 to 1864) ¢ Spent 10 years working at the Uni of Heidelberg after leaving von Helmholtz’s lab ¢ In 1875 moved to Leipzig University, where he established the world’s first psychology lab (Boring, 1929)
¢ Set out in Principles of Physiological Psychology (1862): The introduction of the experimental method into psychology was originally due to modes of procedure in the physiology, especially in the physiology of the sense- organs for the nervous system. For this reason experimental psychology is commonly called “physiological psychology.” (Wundt, 1897) ¢ Scientific examination of human conscious experience , using methods borrowed from experimental physiology combined with the development of new strategies
Sensation (sensation is connected to 5 sensory modality) & feeling (not really ‘out there’, & with 3 dimensions: pleasurable-unpleasurable, exciting- depressing, relaxation-strain).
Apperception needs attention, whereas association does not Voluntarism – immediate consciousness requires an active process of intention Apperception can lead to creative synthesis
¢ Studying Higher Mental Processes (learning, thinking, language, effects of culture etc.) Believed these higher mental processes not lab testable, as linked to individual’s personal history, cultural background & social environment Tested through inductive observational techniques, cross-cultural comparisons, historical analysis, & case study Published Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology (1863/1907) & 10-volume Völkerpsychologie – combined evaluation of language & culture Believed in evolutionary style continuum from ‘primitive’ (Australian Aboriginal) to ‘advanced’ (presumably German) by studying social customs, myths, religions, & languages
Nonsense syllables – DAX, BOK etc. used in serial learning task
