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3 wundt, Slides of History of Psychology

Wundt - Wundt

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2015/2016

Uploaded on 03/30/2016

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WUNDT AND GERMAN
PSYCHOLOGY
Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Dr. Roshan Rai
LEARNING AIMS
Have knowledge & understanding of:
1.The background to Wundt’s system of
psychology
2.Wundt’s system of psychology
3.The influence of Wundt’s ideas
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WUNDT AND GERMAN

PSYCHOLOGY

Historical Perspectives in Psychology Dr. Roshan Rai

LEARNING AIMS

Have knowledge & understanding of:

1. The background to Wundt’s system of

psychology

2. Wundt’s system of psychology

3. The influence of Wundt’s ideas

BACKGROUND TO WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF

PSYCHOLOGY

  1. At least one 19th^ century philosopher John Stuart Mill proposed the development of a scientific approach to psychology
  2. Development of experimental physiology

BACKGROUND TO WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF

PSYCHOLOGY

¢ Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) used ablation to challenge phrenology - specific areas of the brain phrenologists claimed to serve X actually served Y ¢ The clinical method — Phineas Gage – from dependable, contentious, respected community leader (foreman of a crew), Gage became obstinate, profane, irresponsible member of the community (MacMillian, 1986) — Broca - motor aphasia (an inability to produce speech) localised to left frontal lobe

BACKGROUND TO WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF

PSYCHOLOGY

¢ Psychophysics – the relationship between the

perception of a stimulus event (“psycho”) & the

physical dimensions of the stimulus being

perceived (“physics”)

¢ Two point threshold (Ernst Weber)– using

compass-like device on blindfolded observer,

point where perception changes from feeling 1

point to 2

¢ Gustav Fechner – exact measurements of

perception of weights

— 30 & 33 gram weights are just noticeably different — 60 & 66 gram weights are just noticeably different

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)

THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY AT LEIPZIG

¢ Studied medical sciences at University of Tübingen, but switched to University of Heidelberg finally earning an MD ¢ Heidelberg years developed Wundt’s love of science — Robert Bunsen (inventor of Bunsen burner) inspired Wundt’s first independent research project – the effects of restricting salt input on the chemical composition of urine ¢ After only 6 months of practising medicine, Wundt started to think of a life in research & studied a term of experimental physiology in Berlin

WILHELM WUNDT (1832-1920)

THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY AT LEIPZIG

¢ Worked in von Helmholtz’s Heidelberg lab for 6 years (1854 to 1864) ¢ Spent 10 years working at the Uni of Heidelberg after leaving von Helmholtz’s lab ¢ In 1875 moved to Leipzig University, where he established the world’s first psychology lab (Boring, 1929)

WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY

¢ Set out in Principles of Physiological Psychology (1862): The introduction of the experimental method into psychology was originally due to modes of procedure in the physiology, especially in the physiology of the sense- organs for the nervous system. For this reason experimental psychology is commonly called “physiological psychology.” (Wundt, 1897) ¢ Scientific examination of human conscious experience , using methods borrowed from experimental physiology combined with the development of new strategies

WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY

¢ 3 goals of psychology: 1. analyse contents of

consciousness into basic elements, 2. discover

how elements are connected, 3. determine laws

that underlie connections

¢ The elements of consciousness

— Sensation (sensation is connected to 5 sensory modality) & feeling (not really ‘out there’, & with 3 dimensions: pleasurable-unpleasurable, exciting- depressing, relaxation-strain).

WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY

¢ Association & Apperception

— Apperception needs attention, whereas association does not — Voluntarism – immediate consciousness requires an active process of intention — Apperception can lead to creative synthesis

WUNDT’S SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY

¢ Studying Higher Mental Processes (learning, thinking, language, effects of culture etc.) — Believed these higher mental processes not lab testable, as linked to individual’s personal history, cultural background & social environment — Tested through inductive observational techniques, cross-cultural comparisons, historical analysis, & case study — Published Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology (1863/1907) & 10-volume Völkerpsychologie – combined evaluation of language & culture — Believed in evolutionary style continuum from ‘primitive’ (Australian Aboriginal) to ‘advanced’ (presumably German) by studying social customs, myths, religions, & languages

INFLUENCE OF WUNDT’S SYSTEM

OF PSYCHOLOGY

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) – philosopher

who turned to scientific methods

— Nonsense syllables – DAX, BOK etc. used in serial learning task

  • Further investigated by Müller (1850-1934) & his students