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Biology of Invertebrates Exam III: Identifying Capabilities, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny, Exams of Biology

A biology exam focusing on the distinguishing features of various invertebrate species and taxa, including compound and camera eyes, insect larvae and nymphs, resilin and hirudin, cyclomorphosis and cyclic parthenogenesis, eusociality in ants and termites, and taxonomic identification. It also includes a discovery of a new arthropod species with biramous legs and the implications for arthropod phylogeny.

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/16/2009

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Biology of Invertebrates (Biol. 241) Name_______________
EXAM III
In a few words distinguish between the following (3 pt each; 15 total)
1. Fly compound eye and squid camera eye in terms of their capabilities
2. insect larva and an insect nymph
3. resilin and hirudin
4. cyclomorphosis and cyclic parthenogenesis with examples for each
5. Eusociality in ants and eusociality in termites
B. Match a taxon to the most appropriate description below (2 pt; 16 total)
Polycheta, Oligocheta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, Chilopoda, Chelicerata, Insecta,
Crustacea, Rotifera, Acanthocephala
6. _Mouth and digestive system lacking in the free-living adult
7. _Cephalic circle of cilia that move in metachronal waves
8. _With a single large body coelom that in some is used to create a feeding current
9. _With maxillipeds modified as "fangs" that inject poison
10. _ The typical larva is the nauplius
11. _Head as a prostomium and peristromium provided with an eversible pharynx
12. _With four pairs of thoracic legs and no abdominal appendages
13. _With an introvert that folds inward into the body cavity
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Download Biology of Invertebrates Exam III: Identifying Capabilities, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Biology of Invertebrates (Biol. 241) Name_______________

EXAM III

In a few words distinguish between the following (3 pt each; 15 total)

  1. Fly compound eye and squid camera eye in terms of their capabilities
  2. insect larva and an insect nymph
  3. resilin and hirudin
  4. cyclomorphosis and cyclic parthenogenesis with examples for each
  5. Eusociality in ants and eusociality in termites

B. Match a taxon to the most appropriate description below (2 pt; 16 total)

Polycheta, Oligocheta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, Chilopoda, Chelicerata, Insecta,

Crustacea, Rotifera, Acanthocephala

  1. _Mouth and digestive system lacking in the free-living adult

7. _

Cephalic circle of cilia that move in metachronal waves

8. _

With a single large body coelom that in some is used to create a feeding current

  1. _With maxillipeds modified as "fangs" that inject poison
  2. _ The typical larva is the nauplius
  3. _Head as a prostomium and peristromium provided with an eversible pharynx
  4. _With four pairs of thoracic legs and no abdominal appendages
  5. _With an introvert that folds inward into the body cavity

C. In your role as scientific expert in a mission to unexplored regions of the Amazon

rainforest you discover a new arthropod species living in the canopy of the rainforest.

The animal has 3 pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings and is clearly an insect but

upon closer examination you find that it has biramous legs!

  1. Why might the biramous condition of the legs in this new species be significant to

our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among the different arthropod

groups? (5 pt)

  1. Based on these initial observations of appendages, which of the four phylogenetic

schemes depicted by the cladograms below would your new discovery be most

consistent with? Explain why.(2 pt)

  1. Other aspects of the animal must be examined before a final conclusion can be

reached about your discovery's implications to our understanding of arthropod

phylogeny. What other morphological characters would you examine to further explore

this question? Explain why these characters (at least 3) are pertinent to your evaluation

of the cladograms below. (6 pt)

Alternative Views of ArthropodPhylogeny

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Hexapoda

Chelicerata

Myriapoda

Crustacea

Hexapoda

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Hexapoda

Chelicerata

Crustacea

Myriapoda

Hexapoda

D. Answer four of the next five questions in a few sentences (7 pt each 28 pts)

D. Answer 2 of 3 in a paragraph or two. Be SPECIFIC in answering and

provide examples when appropriate (14 pt; 28 total)

  1. Consider the major challenges met by organisms making the transition from an

aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment? What were the most severe of these

challenges (three important ones should do). How were they met by annelids and

arthropods and to what extent were they successful in conquering these challenges?

  1. In an evolutionary context, the functioning of an organism is said to be determined

to a great extent by its morphology (i.e. Function follows form). Contrast the locomotion

of errant polychetes, earthworms (oligochetes) and leeches (Hirudinea) and explain how

their respective strategies are a function of the attributes and limitations of their

individual body plan.

  1. The concept of limb serial homology plays a major part in our current understanding

of the origin of insect wings. Construct an analysis that shows the relationship between

these two phenomena. Your analysis should (i) provide a context on the debate of the

evolution of insect flight and its two competing theories, (ii) describe the evidence from

insect ecology and genetics that supports our current understanding of wing origins, and

(iii) explain what all this has to do with the concept of serial homology.