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A biology exam focusing on the distinguishing features of various invertebrate species and taxa, including compound and camera eyes, insect larvae and nymphs, resilin and hirudin, cyclomorphosis and cyclic parthenogenesis, eusociality in ants and termites, and taxonomic identification. It also includes a discovery of a new arthropod species with biramous legs and the implications for arthropod phylogeny.
Typology: Exams
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B. Match a taxon to the most appropriate description below (2 pt; 16 total)
Polycheta, Oligocheta, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, Chilopoda, Chelicerata, Insecta,
Crustacea, Rotifera, Acanthocephala
Cephalic circle of cilia that move in metachronal waves
With a single large body coelom that in some is used to create a feeding current
C. In your role as scientific expert in a mission to unexplored regions of the Amazon
rainforest you discover a new arthropod species living in the canopy of the rainforest.
The animal has 3 pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings and is clearly an insect but
upon closer examination you find that it has biramous legs!
our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among the different arthropod
groups? (5 pt)
schemes depicted by the cladograms below would your new discovery be most
consistent with? Explain why.(2 pt)
reached about your discovery's implications to our understanding of arthropod
phylogeny. What other morphological characters would you examine to further explore
this question? Explain why these characters (at least 3) are pertinent to your evaluation
of the cladograms below. (6 pt)
Alternative Views of ArthropodPhylogeny
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment? What were the most severe of these
challenges (three important ones should do). How were they met by annelids and
arthropods and to what extent were they successful in conquering these challenges?
to a great extent by its morphology (i.e. Function follows form). Contrast the locomotion
of errant polychetes, earthworms (oligochetes) and leeches (Hirudinea) and explain how
their respective strategies are a function of the attributes and limitations of their
individual body plan.
of the origin of insect wings. Construct an analysis that shows the relationship between
these two phenomena. Your analysis should (i) provide a context on the debate of the
evolution of insect flight and its two competing theories, (ii) describe the evidence from
insect ecology and genetics that supports our current understanding of wing origins, and
(iii) explain what all this has to do with the concept of serial homology.