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2025 SLP PRAXIS EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
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A 5-year-old child has been referred to you for a language assessment. There is a concern about his expressive language skills, and you decide to gather a language sample to assess expressive morphology and syntax. At one point, when looking at a book, the child points to a book character and says, "Him no eat cookies,: This is an example of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------four words, five morphemes, personal pronoun +one negative + one verb + one plural noun Which one of the following Piagetian stages, which include object permanence, corresponds with the emergence of a typically developing child's first words? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------sensorimotor Which one of the following is NOT a goal of the Common Core State Standards? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------To ensure that all students speak at least two languages so they become more competent global citizens A fourth-grade child, Alex, has been referred to you for language testing by his teacher. His parents are concerned and upset with the teacher because they feel that Alex needs more help in reading and writing skills than he is receiving. They tell you that the math and science homework assignments are too difficult for him, and they feel that the fourth-grade teacher is making unreasonable demands. You find out that Alex did not attend preschool, and even in kindergarten, the teacher wrote on his first-trimester progress report that he "began school not knowing basic concepts; he didn't talk as much as the other children either." You will tell Alex's parents that ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------you would like to conduct an
assessment of Alex's language skills in a variety of domains to see whether he needs support services in oral and written language You are asked to assess Tina, who has Down syndrome. She is 4 years 10 months old, and her parents tell you that they wish for her to begin kindergarten in the fall (it is July, and school begins in September). You assess Tina's receptive and expressive language skills and find that she has an average MLU of 3.0 and an expressive vocabulary of 350 words. She sustains a topic of conversation about 20% of the time and overregularizes past-tense inflections. You will tell Tina's parents that ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tina's language skills are generally commensurate with those of a 2-to 3-year-old child and starting kindergarten in the fall would probably be difficult for her. You are observing a clinician in a private practice setting. He specializes in child language disorders and serves elementary-age children from a variety of local public schools. When you observe this clinician doing therapy, you see that he has a well-structured reward system for each child. Some children receive a fruit loop for each correct response they make; others work to earn stickers and even small toys. This clinician has written down each specific behavior that he wishes to elicit from each child, with a percentage of accuracy attached. For example, an objective for one child reads, "When presented with a picture of two or more objects, Jimmy will label the picture using plural - s 80% of the time." This clinician probably subscribes to which theory of child language development? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Behaviorist You are asked to work with a 3 1/2 year old child whose language has been somewhat slow to develop. Matthew is the youngest of 4 children and his parents tell you his older siblings often talk for him. After assessing his language, you find he consistently uses the following morphemes: - ing, in and on, and regular plural - s. Matthew's parents would like to enroll him for therapy because they want him to go to a local preschool and sound like the other kids and have good grammar. Which of the following morphemes
A clinician in private practice often administers the Word Abilities Keystone Evaluation—Upper Portion test to children with language disorders. One day, she becomes curious about the "Typical score" of the children to whom she administers the WAKE-UP. The clinician takes the WAKE-UP scores of 17 children and lines them up in order from lowest to highest score. The clinician concludes that the "typical" or average score on the WAKE-UP is a 73. In terms of measures of central tendency, the average score calculated by the clinician is the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------median. A reviewer has published an article on treatment of vocal abuse in children. The article has critically examined research studies with acceptable methods and procedures and has made an integrative evaluation of evidence for the different ways of treating vocal abuse. This evaluation across studies involved a special kind of statistical analysis which is called a: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------meta-analysis A clinical researcher, who has been using Van Riper's fluent stuttering approach to treating stuttering in adults, realizes that its effectiveness is unknown. He plans to design a study to find out if the method is effective. To make a valid conclusion, the researcher must use: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------one of the experimental designs. The belief that vocally abusive behaviors in humans lead to vocal nodules and the resulting voice disorder is supported by: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ex post facto or retrospective research. An investigator is interested in evaluating the relative effects of three treatments on the production of grammatical morphemes in children with
autism spectrum. The investigator also wishes to see if each treatment is effective in its own right. The most appropriate experimental design for this study is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a group design with four groups. Too many treatment procedures to treat a single communication disorder is one of the perplexities clinicians face. To survive this perplexity and to select a treatment procedure for a given disorder, the clinician should: ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------read a meta-analytic report that is available. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes, among other mandates: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a uniform federal standard for protecting the privacy of patients, to be followed by all medical, nonmedical, and allied health personnel in the country. Public Law 99-457: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increased federal support for services to disabled children 3-6 years of age and provided funding for infants and toddlers. In most states, to work in the public schools, speech-language pathologists and audiologists are required to possess: ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------a state-issued credential from an agency such as the Department of Education Which one of the following is not true? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------To receive a Certificate of Clinical Competence in speech-language pathology or audiology, a speech-language pathologist or audiologist needs only to have a state-granted credential to work in public schools.
P.L. 99-457 established mandated development of Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs). Which one the following is not required to be included in a child's IFSP? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A review of the plan at 12-month intervals or more frequently if needed. The law stating that employers must provide special equipment for workers with disabilities (e.g., relay stations for users of TDDs) is: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The Americans with Disabilities Act ESSA stands for: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Every Student Succeeds Act. Which of the following is not true regarding ESSA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Under ESSA, the federal government creates short- and long-term goals for academic proficiency. Passed in 1935, the federal government's first major step toward involvement in a widespread program of living and medical assistance to the population at large is known as the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Social Security Act. A minimum of how many hours of supervised clinical experience is needed for an individual to be an SLPA? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 100 Respiration relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. The thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the... ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Diaphragm
Which branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) innervates the cricothyroid muscle? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Superior Laryngeal Nerve The primary muscle of the lips is the ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Orbicularis oris The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called --------
- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Efferent neurons An important structure adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus (which controls emotions) and the thalamus (which relays sensory impulses to various portions of the cerebral cortex) is called the ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------diencephalon The corpus striatum is composed of three nuclear masses, which are the -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements is the ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- cerebellum The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------corpus callosum and basal ganglia
Which muscles from the list below are the most involved in adducting the vocal folds? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------lateral cricioarytenoids and transverse arytenoids The "typical" speaker of Standard American English would produce the word "emancipation" as ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- /imænsəpeɪʃən/ The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------liquids A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- /w/ The term coarticulation refers to: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception, wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds Broad phonemic transcription involves ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------the use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/) If a speaker said, "I just love 'em and leave 'em," the phrase "leave 'em" could be transcribed as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------/liv m̩ /
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------mass and elasticity A sinusoidal wave is a sound wave ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --that is a result of a simple harmonic motion A natural frequency is a frequency ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- with which a source of sound vibrates naturally An octave is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------an indication of interval between two frequencies The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object is referred to as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------oscillation The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the fundamental frequency or first harmonic When two or more sounds of differing frequencies are combined, the result is a ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------complex tone whose vibrations may be periodic or aperiodic When a speaker is producing a vowel and the vowel is being acoustically analyzed, one can state as a general rule that ---------CORRECT
A child says, "Red crayon." This is an example of which type of semantic relations? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Attribute + entity You have been asked to give a workshop to a group of parents of infants who attend a developmental nursery. The parents are interested in what they can do to communicate more successfully with their infants. Most of the infants are between 1 and 10 months of age. Most of the parents do not have much money or access to toys and objects, but you are told that they do spend plenty of time with their babies. You are asked to speak about what specifically these parents can do to successfully interact with their infants in daily routines, such as bathing, dressing, and eating. You will tell these parents which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----Ideally, speak to the baby in utterances (child-directed speech) that are higher pitched and have greater pitch fluctuations than ordinary speech. A child using recurrence would say which of the following? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------"More cookies." An example of a sentence using an embedded form would be which of the following? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The boy who got a haircut looks nice. A mother comes to you, concerned because her son Jake was born prematurely and had to spend the first few months of his life in neonatal ICU. Now Jake is 9 months old, and his mother wants to make sure his language development is "on target for his age." You go to Jake's home to observe him, and you also ask the mother to give you a detailed description of his communication patterns. As you evaluate Jake's language development, you need to remember that one of the following does NOT occur between 8 and 10 months of age in the typically developing child. Which one is it? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Using the phrase "all gone" to express emerging negation
You are conducting an assessment with an incoming kindergarten, Jason E., who has difficulty with word endings. Specifically, he tends to omit endings like - est (saying "sad" instead of "saddest"), - ily (saying "angry" instead of "angrily"), etc. He is having difficulty with which specific aspect of language? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Morphology A 7-year-old girl, Ashton, is referred to you by her second-grade classroom teacher, Mr. Alvarez. Mr. Alvarez says that Ashton "doesn't always get along with her peers" and "doesn't know how to hold a decent conversation." You assess Ashton personally and also observe her on the playground during recess and in the cafeteria at lunchtime. You see that Mr. Alvarez is right. Ashton has difficulty in conversational exchanges with her peers, and they frequently ignore her. You notice that when talking to you, she seems uncomfortable and doesn't say much, even when you use a variety of interesting games and toys. In therapy, your first priority with Ashton will be to ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increase her skills in discourse You observe a clinician working with a child who has a language impairment. They are making cookies together and the clinician is saying things like "look, the dough goes in the bowl; the spoon is beside the bowl. We will set the bowl on top of the counter and then make the cookies. We'll put them in the oven, and take them out when they are done." The clinician is working on developing the child's skill in the area of understanding: ------- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------locatives A young child who says "down" when a cup of juice spills off the dinner table is using a relation of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------locative action
A baby, Jason, is looking at the family cat. His grandma sees him looking at the cat and directs her gaze toward the cat, also. She prepares to comment about the cat. Jason's grandma is ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- following Jason's line of regard A clinician is working with parents on home language-stimulation activities for their 3-year-old daughter Hannah, who is language delayed. Among other things, Hannah needs to increase her expressive language skills to a level more commensurate with her chronological age. Her mean length of utterance is restricted and her utterances are more typical of a young 2- year-old child. The clinician has recommended that at home, the parents use a technique in which they play with Hannah and describe and comment upon what she is doing and the objects she is interested in. For example, the parents might say, "You are making the car go fast, " or "That pig is pink." The parents are using the technique of: ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------parallel talk You are seeing a 6-year old child, Tyler, with specific language impairment. When you assess Tyler, you find that he has adequate language comprehension. He is able to follow directions, understand vocabulary, and comprehend sentences of appropriate length and complexity for his age. However, his teacher and parents report that he has "no friends" and that they are concerned about his social skills. When you observe Tyler several times on the school playground, in the classroom, and in the school cafeteria, you see that, while he is well behaved and non disruptive, he does not initiate interactions with others. Treatment should focus on --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increasing assertiveness in conversation You are seeing a 9-year-old boy, Emile, whose PPVT-4 score is one year above age level. Emile appears to be performing adequately in the classroom. His teacher reports that he is at grade level in most subjects.
However, he often interrupts others and irritates his listeners; as a result, he is avoided by many peers. His mother reports that he is not invited to other children's birthday parties and that he has heard that other mothers view him as rude and disrespectful. Treatment should focus on increasing - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------pragmatic skills You are working with an adolescent, Alyssa, who has receptive and expressive language problems. She is getting Ds in most of her classes at the junior high school and has few friends. In therapy, it would be best to target ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increasing social use of language and collaborating with the classroom teachers A child who shows slow, writhing, involuntary movements has which type of cerebral palsy? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Athetoid Which of the following is not true? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- Standardized language tests help sample behaviors adequately, providing multiple contexts for sampling target-language behaviors You are assessing the expressive language skills of a 4-year-old with delayed language. One of the things he says is "My birthday party was fun- we ate cake and cookies!" This would count as ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------words, 11 morphemes You move to a new elementary school and begin seeing children on the caseload. Johnny, a 7-year-old child, is receiving intervention to "increase semantic skills." Five goals are listed on his IEP. Which one of these goals is inappropriate? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Increase use of appropriate discourse skills, turn taking, and conversational repair strategies
clinician needs to make sure that the symbols on Myron's AAC device are - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------transparent Justin is a 7-year-old second-grade child who has been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome. Since he was a toddler, he has language difficulties. He has just transferred to your school district, and speech-language services have been recommended for him. Justin's parents are anxious for him to begin therapy as soon as possible. You read over the file of reports written by personnel from his previous school district and meet with your school's Student Study Team (SST) to discuss Justin and recommend the best possible program for him in your school district, The report from the previous SLP says, among other things, that Justin's language sample showed that he had difficulty with forms, such as - er (e.g., bigger) and - est (e.g., biggest). Problems with these forms reflect poor ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------morphologic skills Because of his diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome, you can assume that Justin will probably have characteristics such as: ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a seemingly excellent vocabulary; seemingly normal syntactic skills; and speech that often seems to be a "monologue," in which Justin does not allow his conversational partner to take turns. The SST believes that Justin might profit from the SCERTS approach to intervention, which involves ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------an emphasis on the importance of targeting goals in social communication and emotional regulation by implementing transactional supports, such as visual supports, environmental arrangements, and communication-style adjustments. Using Brown's morphemes as a reference, which utterance below represents two morphemes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Daddy's
A school-based SLP is conducting classroom-based intervention with several students diagnosed with specific language impairment. This means that the SLP is ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------going into the classroom and helping language impaired students, individually or in a small-group format, to achieve classroom curriculum goals In a preschool setting, a typical developing child talks up to a child with SLI and says, "Let's play house. You be the mommy, and I'll be the daddy, and we'll make dinner. Then the grandma will put the baby to bed." The typically developing child is suggesting that they engage in which type of play? ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Collaborative play The mother of Danny, a 3-year-old who is speaking very little, has been working with an SLP on some language stimulation techniques to build Danny's expressive language skills. One day when they are driving, Danny points to the sky and says excitedly, "Plane sky!" His mother responds, "Yes, I see that big silver plane flying up in the blue sky! Wow!" She has just used the technique of ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- extension The SLP has noted that when Danny does speak, he appears to have word retrieval difficulties. The SLP decides to target this in therapy. In targeting word retrieval skills, she is working on the area of ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------semantics Jeannette is a 4-year-old girl with specific language impairment. At preschool, the teacher says,"Before you put on your jacket to go outside, be sure to get your snack." Jeannette puts her jacket on first and then tries to get her snack. The teacher becomes angry and believes Jeannette is not
