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2025 BIO 182 FINAL EXAM ASU | QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ARIZONA STATE
UNIVERSITY
Which animal has limited locomotion due to its habitat? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Roundworm (intestinal tract) What structure does the Clam use for locomotion? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Foot for digging True or False: the Lancelet uses a fin for swimming ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True Describe the locomotion of the Sea star ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Tube feet Describe the locomotion of the Grasshopper ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Wings, legs Describe the locomotion of the Crayfish ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Legs, tail, swimmerets Describe the locomotion of the earthworm ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------crawling (muscle contractions)
What are the excretory organs of the Pig? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Kidneys Which animals use Nephridia as excretory organs? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Clam, Clamworm, Earthworm, Lancelet Describe the excretory organs of the Sea star ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Skin gills Describe the excretory organs of the Grasshopper ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Malpighian tubes Describe the excretory organs of the Crayfish ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Green glands (resemble nephridia) Describe the excretory organs of the Roundworm ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Two lateral lines Which two animals have no excretory system? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Sponge, Hydra Describe the excretory system of the Planarian ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Flame cells, 2 lateral excretory canals
- Humans use 24% of Earth's NPP What are some reasons the birth rate has declined in the last 50 years? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER------------------Women choosing to have less children
- Regions with lowest birthrates have the most abundant resources and education of women is encouraged What is demographic transition? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates What are density dependent factors? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ------Predation, disease, competition between species (usually biotic) What is carrying capacity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in an environment
- Birth rate = death rate
- (K) What is exponential growth and when does it occur in nature? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------Exponential growth is positive growth
- Observed in 2 circumstances: a few individuals found a new population in a new habitat, or a population has been devastated by a catastrophe and begins to recover, starting with a few surviving individuals What are some density-independent factors? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- -----------------Change is not dependent on the # of individuals in the population
- Variations in weather patterns, etc. (usually abiotic) What are survivorship curves? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Type 1: Survivorship throughout life is high, most individuals reach their max. life span (humans)
- Type 2: Most individuals experience constant survivorship over their lifetimes
- Type 3: Result from high death rates early in life, with high survivorship after maturity (many plants) What is life history? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Record of major events relating to its growth, development, reproduction, and survival What is survivorship? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Proportion of offspring that will survive on average to a particular age What is fecundity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------# of female offspring produced by each female in the population What is the intrinsic rate of increase? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ------When birthrates per individual are as high as possible and the death per individual are as low as possible What is a clumped population density? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- --------Quality of habitat is patchy, food unevenly distributed, organisms social (starfish)
- Organisms have to adapt to low tide exposure
- High productivity (RockyPoint) What is the neretic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Extends from intertidal zone to depths of 200 m
- Part of sloping continental plane
- Very productive due to upwelling (Coral reefs) What is the oceanic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The open ocean
- Sunlight abundant in photic zone but nutrients are scarce What is the benthic zone? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Bottom of the ocean
- Organisms survive on dead bodies of organisms from the photic zone What are freshwater biomes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands What is lake turnover? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Occurs in temperate regions
- The nutrients at the bottom of the lake is carried to the top
- Promotes growth of algae
What is ocean upwelling? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Move nutrients from aphotic to photic zone
- Promotes algae growth
- Areas of high biological productivity and diversity What is water depth? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The amount and types of wavelengths available to organisms change dramatically as the water depth increases
- As the water gets deeper, the light intensity decreases What physical factors effect the distribution and abundance of organisms in aquatic biomes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Water depth
- Nutrient availability
- Water movement
- Temperature What are the types of aquatic biomes and how are they classified? --------- CORRECT ANSWER------------------They are classified by salinity
- Fresh water ( less than 0.1% salt), marine (salt water) How have humans impacted terrestrial biomes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------By physically changing the landscape
- Farming, logging, & urban development
- Indirect effects: pollution, invasive species, climate change Describe the arctic tundra - --------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Dominated by small shrubs
- Very low temps
- Very low annual rainfall
How does the presence of mountains and large bodies of water create climate conditions? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Mountain ranges create rain shadows What are Hadley cells? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Atmospheric cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitude
- Create bands of wet and dry regions and prevailing winds What is extinction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The loss or death of a species What is mass extinction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A decline in biodiversity greater than the background extinction rate What is background extinction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Background extinction occurs when certain populations are reduced to zero because of normal environment change, emerging disease, predation pressure, or competition with another species How are mass extinctions detected and how many have been detected? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------They're detected geologically, and there have been 5 detected What organisms became extinct during the Pleistocene and Cretaceous and what are possible causes for these extinctions? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Pleistocene: Wooly Mammoth, Giant Short-Faced Bear, Dire Wolf, Giant Beaver, Shasta Ground Sloth, American Lion
- Could be extinct because of climate change (warmer temps), human overkill (predation), pathogens Cretaceous: Dinosaurs
- Could be extinct because of asteroid (impact hypothesis) What is the evidence to support that there will be a 6th mass extinction? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Modern rates of extinction are 100 to 1000 time greater than the background rate What is overexploitation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Any unsustainable removal of wildlife from the natural environment by use of humans
- Harvesting of organisms at rates exceeding the species ability to replace itself
- The dominant threat to marine species
- Overhunting What is habitat destruction? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Terrestrial Ecosystems: Conversion agriculture, logging, development and urbanization Aquatic Ecosystems: Draining and developing wetlands, damming rivers Species area curve - As the land area decreases, the number of species decreases What is habitat fragmentation? - --------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The breakup of large pieces of natural habitat into small, isolated pieces
- Can reduce a habitat to where it's too small to support a species
- Reduces the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat to another (could be more vulnerable to catastrophes)
What is facilitation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Certain species facilitate the growth of another species by providing them with nutrients, partial shade, etc. What is a food chain? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Connects the trophic levels in a particular ecosystem
- Describes how energy moves from one trophic level to another What is the decomposer food chain? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ------Made up of species that eat the dead remains of organisms What is the grazing food chain? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Composed of herbivores (primary consumers) and the organisms that eat the herbivores (secondary consumers) What is a food web? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Show the complex interactions of organisms in a community
- Food chains are usually embedded into more complex food webs What is a keystone species? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------The structure of a community can change dramatically if a single species is removed from or added to the community
- Keystone species help stabilize other species in the ecosystem What is trophic cascade? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Series of changes that occur when the abundance of one member of a food web changes
- Adding or removing a predator effects the density/behavior of their prey, which effects the next lower trophic level What is bioprospecting? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Assesses different organisms as novel sources or drugs or ingredients in consumer products What are provisioning ecosystem services? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- ---------------Provide raw materials for food, fuel, medicines, and building materials
- Bioprospecting What are regulating ecosystem services? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ ------------Water purification, flood control, waste decompostion What are cultural ecosystem services? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- --------People integrate nature into their lives, however that may be
- Ecotourism What are supporting ecosystem services? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- -------------Provide support across categories
- Pollinated service of bees What is a biodiversity hotspot? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Focusing on conservation efforts
- Areas in most urgent need of conservation action due to widespread destruction of habitat
The use and impact of chemical pesticides ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- -------------Reduces competition from pests
- Consequences: Impact non-target organisms, biomagnification (pesticides are not broken down) Environmental impacts of agricultural advancements ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Irrigation causes the depletion of ground water
- Fertilizers cause Nitrogen pollution of lakes, oceans and ground water What are some advances in agriculture? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- -----------Breeding superior plants
- Increased use of irrigation
- Use of chemical fertilizers
- Use of chemical pesticides How is energy transferred through the food pyramid? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Decomposer - > primary producer - > primary consumer - > secondary consumer - > tertiary consumer What is a trophic level? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ "Feeding" level, organisms that obtain energy from the same type of source What is biomagnification? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Some pesticides aren't broken down and become more concentrated at each trophic level
What are tropical, sub tropical, and temperate climates? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------Tropical: no freezing temps
- Sub-Tropical: mild winters, humid summers
- Temperate: extended periods of freezing temps How are temps determined by solar irradiance and the tilt of the Earth? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER------------------Regions at or near the equator receive more sunlight than regions that are close to the poles due to the Earth's tilt
- Solar irradiance causes seasons in the Northern and Southern hemispheres What are terrestrial biomes? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Defined by climate
- Forests, deserts, grasslands, tundra What are the 5 main levels of the study of ecology? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1.) Organisms - study the adaptions that allow organisms to live successfully 2.) Populations - study how population #'s change over time 3.) Communities - study nature and interactions between species 4.) Ecosystems - Study how energy moves 5.) Global - Study the global biosphere What does biogeography mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ The study of how organisms are distributed geographically What does range mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------------ Geographic distribution of a species
Which two animals have only one opening to their digestive system? --------
- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Hydra, Planarian True or False: The crayfish has two openings to its digestive tract and classifies it a "tube within a tube" ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- True Which animal's circulatory system uses water transported through the body of the animal? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Sponge Describe the circulatory system of the Hydra ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------The cells come in contact with water True or False: The planarian has no circulatory system ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True What kind of circulatory system does the clam have? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Open; heart What kind of circulatory system do the clamworm and earthworm have? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Closed; blood vessels Does the Roundworm have a circulatory system? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------No
True or False: The circulatory system of the crayfish is open and consists of a heart, vessels, and sinuses ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- True Describe the circulatory system of the grasshopper ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Open; heart, vessels, sinuses True or False: the sea star has a reduced circulatory system --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True True or False: the lancelet has a closed circulatory system --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True Is the circulatory system seen in the pig open or closed? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Closed Describe the respiratory organs of the sponge, hydra, and planarian --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Gas exchange occurs directly across cell membranes what does the clam use for its circulatory system? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Gills
